為因應企業物流激烈的競爭環境，快速回應市場需求、及時交貨與零庫存之競爭趨勢，如何強化供應商、製造商、零售商與第三方物流業者(the 3rd-party logistics, 3PL)、資訊服務廠商以及客戶之間的協同合作關係，以降低整體成本、提昇企業物流能力，已成為供應鏈競爭取勝的重要關鍵。供應鏈協同合作是目前供應鏈與物流運籌領域最受重視的新興觀念，其中，最新發展係延伸整合供應鏈物流運輸環節的協同運輸管理(Collaborative Transportation Management ,CTM)，CTM旨在完全解決供應鏈運輸程序的無效率性，影響的層面包括存貨、運輸效率、運送成本，加上其具有資訊共享的特性，因此更可以降低不確定性以提昇物流效率減少長鞭效應。過去相關研究大多僅針對供應鏈或是物流績效進行量度指標建構與評估，而協同運輸管理相關研究則大多針對其理論概念與架構進行分析，較少探討協同運輸管理對供應鏈之影響。因此，探討物流業導入協同運輸管理對其物流能力、經營競爭優勢之相互關係即為值得深入探討的研究議題。
本研究旨在探討物流業導入協同運輸管理對其物流能力、競爭優勢之關係分析，提出「協同合作」、「物流能力」與「競爭優勢」三構面間的相互影響關係架構。為了驗證所建構模式之適配性，本研究利用結構方程模式，進行驗證性因素分析與路徑分析，此外，本研究更以交互作用分析來探討協同合作與物流能力整合進行時對競爭優勢之相互關係。
進一步，本研究進行實證分析，針對物流業者進行問卷調查。研究分析結果顯示物流業導入協同運輸管理對其物流能力、競爭優勢皆有正向顯著關係，再者，分析結果亦發現物流業加強與主要合作對象的關係整合和資訊整合並提高本身的顧客服務能力，對提昇競爭優勢影響較大。本研究結果可提供物流業者重要參考資訊，並建議物流業者除提昇本身物流能力外，亦可透過導入協同運輸管理來強化其競爭優勢。

Supply chain collaboration has become an important issue in response to the keenly competitive market. The recent collaborative initiative, termed Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR®), has begun to gain wide acclaim for the benefits it delivers. Collaborative Transportation Management (CTM) is a new collaboration model in CPFR by extending the core elements to include the transportation component. CTM is a holistic process that improve the operating performance of all parties involved in the relationship by eliminating inefficiencies in the transportation component of the supply chain through collaboration. However, past studies in supply chain collaboration mostly focused on the vertical collaboration of supply chain parties, few literatures have been paid to the impact of transportation management on logistics capabilities and competitive advantages for logistics providers in supply chain. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between CTM, logistics capabilities, and competitive advantages, and analyze the CTM influence those relationships.
This study empirically examines the relationships between collaborative transportation management, logistics capabilities, and competitive advantages for logistics companies introducing the CTM. This study applies factor analysis and structure equation modeling (SEM) to identify major aspects of CTM, logistics capabilities and competitive advantages, and analyze their relationships. Based on a factor analysis, three key collaborative factors, four key logistics capabilities, and three key competitive advantages were identified. About collaborative factors, namely, relationship integration, collaboration and planning, and collaborative information. Key logistics capabilities include audit and internal operation, customer service, costs and service quality, and productivity. Key competitive advantages include, cost leadership, differentiation, and uncertainty. A SEM approach was also employed in this study. The results indicate that collaborative transportation management has a positive effect on logistics capabilities and competitive advantages, and logistics capability has a positive effect on competitive advantages. Furthermore, an interaction analysis on path analysis of SEM was also discussed in this study. The results indicate that the integration of collaborative information and costs and service quality has positive effect on cost leadership, while the combination of relationship integration and customer service has positive effect on uncertainty reduction. This study deduces information for logistics companies about what are determinants of CTM adoption, and what are impacts of CTM on logistics capabilities and competitive advantages. This study suggests logistics companies not only develop core logistics capabilities but also apply collaborative transportation management system to enhance their competitive advantages.

目錄
中文摘要	i
英文摘要 	ii
誌謝	iv
目錄 	vi
表目錄 	viii
圖目錄 	x
第一章 緒論 	1
1.1 研究背景與動機 	1
1.2 研究目的 	2
1.3 研究流程與架構 	3
第二章 文獻回顧 	6
2.1 協同運輸管理 	6
2.1.1 「協同」的概念 	6
2.1.2 供應鏈協同的概念 	8
2.1.3 協同運輸管理之定義與流程 	8
2.1.4 協同運輸管理之價值 	9
2.2 供應鏈績效量度 	15
2.3 競爭相關分析 	20
2.3.1 一般競爭分析 	20
2.3.2 供應鏈與物流管理競爭分析 	24
2.4 文獻回顧小結 	30
第三章 CTM、物流能力與競爭優勢之關係分析模式 	31
3.1 理論架構與研究假設	31
3.1.1 評估因素構面定義	31
3.1.2 路徑架構 	38
3.1.3 研究假設 	40
3.2 結構方程模式研究方法 	41
3.2.1 衡量變項研擬與因素分析 	41
3.2.2 模式架構 	43
3.2.3 模式驗證 	44
3.2.4 交互作用 	47
3.2.5 問卷設計 	50
第四章 實證分析 	51
4.1 樣本特性分析與深度訪談調查 	51
4.1.1 樣本特性與基本資料分析 	51
4.1.2 深度訪談分析	55
4.2 物流業導入協同運輸管理之影響因素分析 	56
4.3 協同合作、物流能力與競爭優勢之關係分析 	62
4.3.1 協同合作、物流能力與競爭優勢之基本統計分析	62
4.3.2 協同合作、物流能力與競爭優勢之因素分析	66
4.3.3 結構方程模式分析	78
第五章 結論與建議 	92
5.1 結論 	92
5.2 建議 	93
參考文獻 	95
附錄 	99
 
表目錄
表2.1  VICS (2004)的協同運輸管理商業流程	10
表2.2  協同運輸管理相關研究文獻整理	14
表2.3  Gunasekaran et al. (2004)的供應鏈管理績效指標架構表	16
表2.4  Otto and Kotzab (2003)績效量度表	17
表2.5  供應鏈管理與物流管理績效量度相關研究整理	19
表2.6  Chang and Yeh (2001)評估國內航空公司競爭力所投入的變數表	23
表2.7  朱永升等人 (2004)的供應鏈合作夥伴核心競爭力評量指標	28
表2.8  一般競爭分析與供應鏈管理競爭相關分析文獻整理	29
表3.1  物流業導入CTM影響因素問項	33
表3.2  協同合作程度評量變數	34
表3.3  物流能力評量變數	36
表3.4  競爭優勢評量變數	37
表3.5  結構方程模式檢定值與顯著條件表	48
表4.1  問卷基本資料表	53
表4.2  物流業導入CTM影響因素問項之基本統計分析	57
表4.3  導入CTM影響因素之因素分析結果	58
表4.4  導入CTM之影響因素量表信度與效度分析	59
表4.5  因素分析結果：影響物流業導入協同運輸管理因素構面之問項表	60
表4.6  協同合作程度之基本統計分析表	63
表4.7  物流能力影響因素之基本統計分析表	64
表4.8  競爭優勢潛在影響因素之基本統計分析表	65
表4.9  協同合作程度之因素結構表	67
表4.10協同合作構面之量表信度與效度分析	68
表4.11因素分析結果：協同合作構面之問項表	69
表4.12物流能力影響因素之因素結構表	71
表4.13物流能力構面之量表信度與效度分析	72
表4.14因素分析結果：物流能力構面之問項表	73
表4.15競爭優勢潛在影響因素之因素結構表	75
表4.16競爭優勢構面之量表信度與效度分析	76
表4.17因素分析結果：競爭優勢構面之問項表	77
表4.18 SEM信度分析表	79
表4.19 SEM各因素構面的無常態標準化殘差絕對值與R2	80
表4.20 最終係數校估結果表	82
表4.21本研究SEM之各項適合度指標	83
表4.22以因素負荷量最大輸入SEM之各項適合度指標比較	83
表4.23結構方程模式各量測系統之影響效果	86
表4.24 差異化的交互作用共線性的VIF、CI與容忍值	88
表4.25 成本領導的交互作用共線性的VIF、CI與容忍值	89
表4.26 不確定性的交互作用共線性的VIF、CI與容忍值	90
表4.27 協同合作與物流能力之可觀測變項交互作用對競爭優勢之顯著P值	91
 
圖目錄
圖1.1  研究架構圖 	4
圖1.2  研究流程圖 	5
圖2.1  Gajda (2004)的協同整合程度之策略聯盟價構圖	7
圖2.2  CTM協同程度與價值關係	11
圖2.3  袁劍雲 (2007)企業導入CTM影響因素之研究架構	13
圖2.4  Porter (1980)五力分析示意圖	21
圖2.5  呂錦山和楊清喬 (2007)的結構方程模式架構圖	26
圖2.6  Li et al. (2006)的結構方程模式架構圖	26
圖2.7  Bhatnagar and Sohal (2005)對於供應鏈競爭分析的研究架構圖	27
圖3.1  理論架構圖	32
圖3.2  本研究SEM路徑架構圖	39
圖3.3  SEM分析流程圖	46
圖4.1  SEM模式分析圖	84

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