系統識別號 | U0002-1606200600230100 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2006.01083 |
論文名稱(中文) | 改良式流向法之指紋辨識系統設計 |
論文名稱(英文) | Fingerprint Recognition System Design via the Improved Orientation Method |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 電機工程學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 94 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 95 |
研究生(中文) | 劉政衛 |
研究生(英文) | Cheng-Wei Liu |
學號 | 693380130 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2006-06-12 |
論文頁數 | 107頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
黃聰亮
委員 - 張世鈺 委員 - 黃聰亮 委員 - 黃聰耀 委員 - 蕭瑛東 |
關鍵字(中) |
指紋 辨識 特徵 |
關鍵字(英) |
Fingerprint Identification Minuitae |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
在這多元化的社會中,人們生活的方式也越來越複雜,在很多情況下,安全保密以及身分辨識是一項相當重要的課題。早期是使用密碼和鑰匙來當作個人的保密工具,印章和簽名來當作身分辨識。但是這類的工具存在著不方便性、易遺失、遺忘、盜用等問題因素。由於人的身體特徵具有不可複製的特點,因此學者們都在探討,能否以生物特徵,來當作個人身份識別的工具?在生物識別的領域中,指紋因為本身的唯一性和不變性而具有相當高的可靠度。此外,指紋辨識系統開發成本較低、使用方便等種種優越之處使得它已被廣泛的運用在資料保全系統上。 大部分的指紋辨識方法是以指紋的奇異點(核心點、三角點)及紋線的特徵點(端點、叉點)的分佈位置、數目作為判別的依據。而若能將指紋流向場精確的求得,那要擷取出特徵點以及核心點將是一件容易的事情。因此許多的學者都提出了計算流向的方法,最常使用的方法不外乎Stock與Swonger所提出的Slit-sum,以及利用梯度方向來得到的指紋流向。而在本文將提出一種新的方法來得到指紋流向場。此方法可以加速指紋流向的計算,並更準確的得到流向,加速指紋比對的速度以及成功率。最後在本論文中,將所提出之方法,利用可程式化系統晶片(SOPC)來實現個人身份辨識系統。 |
英文摘要 |
In this diversified society, people's life are getting more and more complicated. In many situations, keeping secret safely and identifying recognition are quite important lessons. In early days, people kept secret by using secret code and keys and recognized identifications by seals and signatures. But these ways are inconvenient and easily lost, forgotten and stolen. Because the characters of human bodies can not be copied, scholars discuss about that if we can use these characters to recognize the identifications. In the area of Biometric recognitions, the fingerprint is so authentic because of its singularity and constancy. Besides, the fingerprint is used generally in the information saving system because of the advantages of the fingerprint recognition system, such as cheaper cost in development and convenient using way. Most identification methods are dependent on the locations and numbers of ridge endings and bifurcations. If we can get the fingerprint flow field exactly, it will be easy to find out the minutiae and singular points. As a result there are many scholars propose many ways to calculate flow. The ways mostly used are Slit-sum methods proposed by Stock and Swonger. The fingerprint flow is got by using gradient. In this thesis, we propose a novel way to calculate the fingerprint flow field. This method can accelerate the speed of the calculation of fingerprint flow and help us gain the flow more accurately. Therefore the speed of fingerprint recognition is accelerated and the success rate is increased. Finally, we implement it to build an automatic fingerprint identification system via a Nios embedded processor. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
中文摘要 Ⅰ 英文摘要 Ⅱ 目錄 Ⅲ 圖目錄 Ⅵ 表目錄 XI 第一章、緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 指紋辨識之原理 2 1.3 指紋辨識之應用方向 3 1.4 研究方向 5 1.5 內容大綱 6 第二章、相關背景 8 2.1指紋辨識之發展歷史 8 2.2 指紋影像擷取裝置 9 2.3 指紋影像之特徵 11 2.2.1 指紋影像之宏觀辨認 12 2.2.2 指紋影像之微觀辨認 16 2.3 指紋影像之辨識流程概述 19 第三章、指紋影像前處理 22 3.1 背景去除 23 3.2 正規化與中值濾波處理 27 3.2.1 正規化處理 27 3.2.2 中值濾波處理 29 3.3 計算指紋流向場 32 3.3.1 Slite-Sum法 33 3.3.2 梯度法 34 3.3.3 流向分類法 36 3.4 流向法比較 44 3.4.1 模擬比較 45 3.4.2 流向法修正 47 3.5 參考點擷取與影像剪裁 51 3.5.1 Sin Component Map 51 3.5.2 指紋影像剪裁 53 3.6 Gabor濾波二值化 55 第四章、特徵點搜尋與特徵點比對 58 4.1 指紋特徵搜尋單元 58 4.2 指紋特徵比對單元 66 4.2.1 特徵點排序 67 4.2.2 偏移量與旋轉量修正 70 4.2.3 找尋對應點座標 73 4.2.4 計算可信賴角度 75 4.2.5 比對驗證 78 第五章、硬體系統設計 80 5.1 嵌入式系統簡介 80 5.2 嵌入式系統架構 82 5.3 DSP簡介 84 5.3.1 DSP的發展史 84 5.3.2 DSP的應用領域 85 5.4 TMS320C6713 DSK 簡介 86 5.4.1 C6x晶片簡介 87 5.4.2 指紋擷取器簡介 90 第六章、系統模擬與實作結果 92 6.1 演算法模擬 93 6.2 實作結果 97 第七章、結論與未來研究方向 102 7.1 結論 102 7.2 未來研究方向 103 參考文獻 104 表目錄 表3.1 流向法比較表.....................................................................................45 表3.2 修正後流向法比較表.........................................................................50 表4.1 特徵點座標.........................................................................................67 表4.2 排序後的特徵點座標.........................................................................69 表4.3 座標平移後的特徵點座標.................................................................71 表4.4 相對長度.............................................................................................72 表4.5 相對角度.............................................................................................73 表4.6 搜尋出的對應點座標.........................................................................74 表4.7 可幸賴角度之平均示意表.................................................................75 表6.1 比對結果統計表.................................................................................96 表6.2 與其他論文比較表...........................................................................101 VII 圖目錄 圖2.1 指紋影像中之紋線與谷線.................................................................11 圖2.2 指紋影像中之中心點與三角點.........................................................12 圖2.3 帳形類.................................................................................................13 圖2.4 平弧紋.................................................................................................13 圖2.5 左箕形紋.............................................................................................14 圖2.6 右箕形紋.............................................................................................14 圖2.7 螺旋形.................................................................................................15 圖2.8 流向的八個方向.................................................................................16 圖2.9 指紋影像與其流向圖.........................................................................17 圖2.10 指紋細微特徵...................................................................................18 圖2.11 指紋影像中之細微特徵(端點、叉點)............................................18 圖2.12 指紋影像之辨識流程.......................................................................19 圖3.1 指紋辨識系統之主體架構圖.............................................................22 圖3.2 含背景之指紋圖.................................................................................23 圖3.3 (a)初步指紋背景去除 (b)完整指紋背景去除.................................24 圖3.4 背景去除流程圖.................................................................................24 VIII 9 3 3 圖3.5 修正背景去除遮罩一.........................................................................26 圖3.6 修正背景去除遮罩二.........................................................................26 圖3.7 (a)原圖 (b)背景去除和正規化後......................................................29 圖3.8 (a)胡椒鹽式雜訊圖 (b)經過中值濾波的圖.....................................30 圖3.9 (a)原始矩陣 ......................................................................................30 圖3.9 (b)排序後矩陣 (c)中值濾波後矩陣..................................................31 圖3.10 (a)未經中值濾波 ............................................................................31 圖3.10 (b)中值濾波後..................................................................................31 圖3.11 指紋紋路的八種方向.......................................................................32 圖3.12 Slite-sum之9遮罩........................................................................33 × 圖3.13 (a) Sobel運算式 (b) Gx (c) Gy...............................................35 × 圖3.14 流向分類法流程圖...........................................................................36 圖3.15 (a)第一類 (b)第二類 (c)第三類 (d )第四類.................................37 圖3.16 區塊二值化圖...................................................................................38 圖3.17 區塊反白圖.......................................................................................38 圖3.18 第二類判斷遮罩...............................................................................40 圖3.19 左右斜中心遮罩一...........................................................................41 圖3.20 (a)第三類左右斜遮罩一 (b)第三類左右斜遮罩二.......................42 IX 圖3.21 左右斜中心遮罩二...........................................................................43 圖3.22 (a)第四類左右斜遮罩一 (b)第四類左右斜遮罩二.......................43 圖3.23 破碎指紋流向圖...............................................................................46 圖3.24 梯度法錯誤流向圖...........................................................................46 圖3.25 流向分類法錯物流向圖...................................................................47 圖3.26 流向修正法示意圖...........................................................................49 圖3.27 (a)指紋流向場修正前 (b)指紋流向法修正後...............................49 圖3.28 流向修正規則遮罩...........................................................................48 圖3.29 指紋流向修正後圖...........................................................................50 圖3.30 參考點三角形遮罩...........................................................................52 圖3.31 右旋類參考點示意圖.......................................................................52 圖3.32 弧形類參考點示意圖.......................................................................52 圖3.33 參考點靠中央的情況.......................................................................53 圖3.34 參考點靠左邊的情況.......................................................................54 圖3.35 (a)參考點中央時的影像剪裁 (b)參考點左邊時的影像剪裁.......54 圖3.36 Gabor濾波器的方向角度................................................................55 圖3.37 Gabor濾波二值化後的圖................................................................57 圖4.1 特徵搜尋遮罩圖.................................................................................58 X 圖4.2 端點遮罩圖.........................................................................................59 圖4.3 叉點遮罩圖.........................................................................................59 圖4.4 全特徵點圖.........................................................................................60 圖4.5 特徵點檢測遮罩圖.............................................................................61 圖4.6 正確特徵點示意圖.............................................................................61 圖4.7 錯誤特徵點示意圖.............................................................................61 圖4.8 特徵點遮罩套入端點圖.....................................................................62 圖4.9 OR運算後的端點圖..........................................................................62 圖4.10特徵點檢測遮罩套入叉點圖............................................................63 圖4.11 AND運算後的叉點圖.....................................................................63 圖4.12 特徵點叢聚現象...............................................................................64 圖4.13 特徵點選取框線示意圖...................................................................64 圖4.14 最後選取特徵點...............................................................................65 圖4.15 特徵比對流程圖...............................................................................66 圖4.16 指紋特徵點排序示意圖...................................................................69 圖4.17 相對長度與相對角度示意圖...........................................................71 圖4.18 旋轉後的指紋特徵點示意圖...........................................................77 圖5.1 TI TMS320c6713DSK以及ATMEL AT77C101B指紋讀取器.......87 XI 圖5.2 C6713DSK的硬體方塊圖.................................................................87 圖5.3 C6x系統方塊圖.................................................................................88 圖5.4 AT77C101B熱感式指紋擷取器.......................................................90 圖5.5 ATMEL AT77C101B 指紋讀取器的硬體方塊圖............................91 圖6.1 四十枚指紋影像圖 (a)第一組 .......................................................................................93 (b)第二組 (c)第三組 (d)第四組 (e)第五組 (f)第六組.................94 (g)第七組 (h)第八組 (i)第九組 (j)第十組 ..................................95 圖6.2 CCS介面............................................................................................98 圖6.3 編譯與連結介面.................................................................................98 圖6.4 軟硬體除錯介面.................................................................................99 圖6.5 操作流程圖........................................................................................100 |
參考文獻 |
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