本論文研究一個長方形柱體狀的超高頻(UHF)天線之優化設計，超高頻天線在此的功用為一個局部放電檢測系統的關鍵檢測元件，此元件以0.8mm厚的FR4基板(相對介電係數為4.4)來進行分析模擬、設計與實驗驗證。
  超高頻天線的優化設計乃是以一個長方形單極當作初始結構，並將其細分成多個(例如10個)細長方形的金屬strip，且以strip的長度當作待決定變數；再將天線本體的接地面加以延伸，並使其為彎曲成一個薄柱狀型的天線結構，以達到縮小化的目的。
  本論文的另一目的在測試不同優化過程(基於等差田口優化法)的設計效果，包括只使用響應表的結果來進行優化，或是比較響應表的結果與直交表實驗的結果，擇優來進行優化。經過測試的經驗顯示，後者比前者可以在較少的迭代次數找到最佳的數值結果，且其獲致的|S11|max 數值也都低於期望的-10dB以下，而尺寸也會比前者方法找到的來得更小。

This thesis investigates the optimization design of ultra high frequency (UHF) sensing antennas of rectangular cylinder shape. The UHF antenna functioning as a sensor is a key element of a partial discharge detection system. The element is assumed to reside on an FR4 substrate (relative permittivity power factor of 4.4) of thickness 0.8mm, while its simulation, design and experimental verification are carried out.
  
  Optimal Design of the proposed UHF antenna start with a structure of rectangular monopole, which is subdivided into a plurality of (e.g., 10) rectangular thin metal strip, and the lengths of the strips serve as variables to be determined; In additions, the ground plane of the antenna is extended and bent to form an S-shape antenna structure for the purpose of downsizing. 

  Another objective of the thesis is to test the design outcomes of different optimization procedures (based on arithmetic Taguchi’s optimization method), which includes the use of the results from response table only for optimization, or through the comparison of the above results mentioned with those results of the orthogonal table; for the latter, the better one is chosen for optimization. Empirical tests show that the latter procedure can yield better numerical results with fewer iterations than the former did; and the attainable values of S11 are lower than -10dB expected, and the antenna size is smaller, too.

目錄
中文摘要	I
英文摘要	III
第一章序論	1
	1.1 簡介	1
	1.2 研究背景	1
	1.3 論文架構	6
第二章	UHF超寬頻天線設計	7
	2.1局部放電檢測	7
	2.1.1局部放電檢測目的、意義及檢測原理	7
	2.1.2局部放電檢測方法(電氣式檢測與非電氣式檢測)	9
	2.1.3電氣式檢測	10
	2.1.4無線電干擾電壓法	11
	2.2傳統寬頻天線的演化	12
	2.3超寬頻天線初始結構計算	16
	2.4超寬頻天線的結構參數原理分析	20
	2.5連續直交表的使用	22
	2.6等差式田口優化法	25
第三章應用等差式田口優化法於天線設計	29
	3.1 簡介	29
	3.2以等差式田口優化法進行設計	29
	3.2.1等差式田口優化法的參數設計	29
	3.2.2等差式田口優化法第二階段的五代參數設計	36
	3.3以改良式等差田口優化法進行設計	42
	3.4以改良式等差田口優化法進行縮小尺寸設計	58
第四章結論	73
參考文獻	75


 
圖目錄
圖1.1應用PD測試的高電設備:電力變壓器、發電機、GIS與電力電纜	2
圖2.1(a)λ/4單極天線(b)圓錐形天線(c)火山煙狀天線之二維結構	12
圖2.2水滴狀天線之二維結構圖	13
圖2.3水滴狀天線的演化順序	14
圖2.4水滴狀天線的VSWR 之頻率響應	14
圖2.5水滴狀天線在（a）3GHz（b）6GHz（c）9GHz										（d）12GHz 之輻射場型	15
圖2.6圓柱體之立體結構	16
圖2.7矩形單極微帶天線的二維結構圖	18
圖2.8UWB天線	19
圖2.9UHF頻帶的UWB天線本體	19
圖2.10類長方形柱狀單極的3D示意圖(接地面延伸後的結構)	20
圖2.11類長方形柱狀單極的俯視示意圖	21
圖2.12改良田口最佳化法流程圖	26
圖3.1天線本體結構示意圖	32
圖3.2天線接地結構延伸的示意圖	32
圖3.3第一次迭代後的反射損耗圖	33
圖3.4第二次迭代後的反射損耗圖	33
圖3.5第三次迭代後的反射損耗圖	34
圖3.6第四次迭代後的反射損耗圖	34
圖3.7第五次迭代後的反射損耗圖	35
圖3.8五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖	35
圖3.9第六次迭代後的反射損耗圖	38
圖3.10第七次迭代後的反射損耗圖	38
圖3.11第八次迭代後的反射損耗圖	39
圖3.12第九次迭代後的反射損耗圖	39
圖3.13第十次迭代後的反射損耗圖	40
圖3.14第二階段的五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖	40
圖3.15優化後的天線主體(前視)與延伸接地面(右圖，俯視)的結構示意圖	41
圖3.16第一次迭代後的反射損耗圖(改良式等差田口優化法) 	44
圖3.17第二次迭代後的反射損耗圖(改良式等差田口優化法)	45
圖3.18第三次迭代後的反射損耗圖(改良式等差田口優化法)	45
圖3.19第四次迭代後的反射損耗圖(改良式等差田口優化法)	46
圖3.20第五次迭代後的反射損耗圖(改良式等差田口優化法)	46
圖3.21五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖(改良式等差田口優化法) 	47
圖3.22優化後的天線主體(前視)與延伸接地面(右圖，俯視)的結構示意圖	47
圖3.23優化後的天線結構實體圖	48
圖3.24優化後天線的實測與模擬反射損耗圖(改良式等差田口優化法)	49
圖3.25天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.3GHz)	49
圖3.26天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.4GHz)	50
圖3.27天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.5GHz)	50
圖3.28天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.6GHz)	51
圖3.29天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.7GHz)	51
圖3.30天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.8GHz)	52
圖3.31天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.9GHz)	52
圖3.32天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@1.0GHz)	53
圖3.33天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.3GHz)	53
圖3.34天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.4GHz)	54
圖3.35天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.5GHz)	54
圖3.36天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.6GHz)	55
圖3.37天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.7GHz)	55
圖3.38天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.8GHz)	56
圖3.39天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.9GHz)	56
圖3.40天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@1.0GHz)	57
圖3.41第一次迭代後的反射損耗圖(縮小化；改良式等差田口優化法)	59
圖3.42第二次迭代後的反射損耗圖(縮小化；改良式等差田口優化法)	60
圖3.43第三次迭代後的反射損耗圖(縮小化；改良式等差田口優化法)	60
圖3.44第四次迭代後的反射損耗圖(縮小化；改良式等差田口優化法)	61
圖3.45第五次迭代後的反射損耗圖(縮小化；改良式等差田口優化法)	61
圖3.46五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖(縮小化；改良式等差田口優化法)	62
圖3.47優化後的天線主體(前視)與延伸接地面(右圖，俯視)的結構示意圖[縮小化]	62
圖3.48優化後的天線結構實體圖	63
圖3.49優化天線的實測與模擬反射損耗圖	64
圖3.50天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.3GHz)
64
圖3.51天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.4GHz)	65
圖3.52天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.5GHz)	65
圖3.53天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.6GHz)	66
圖3.54天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.7GHz)	66
圖3.55天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.8GHz)	67
圖3.56天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.9GHz)	67
圖3.57天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@1.0GHz)	68
圖3.58天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.3GHz)	68
圖3.59天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.4GHz)	69
圖3.60天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.5GHz)	69
圖3.61天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.6GHz)	70
圖3.62天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.7GHz)	70
圖3.63天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.8GHz)	71
圖3.64天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@0.9GHz)	71
圖3.65天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@1.0GHz)	72







表目錄
表2.1直交表OA(27,10,3,2)	24
表3.1優化後的結構參數尺寸	41
表3.2優化後的結構參數尺寸(改良式等差田口優化法)	48
表3.3優化後的結構參數尺寸(縮小化；改良式等差田口優化法)63

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