無源光網絡（PON）成為當今接取網路的首要架構。由於被動光網路架構僅在光線路終端（OLT）及用戶端光網絡單元（ONU）使用到主動元件，在兩端中間的傳輸線路中完全使用被動式光元件。因此，他們不僅提供高品質和寬帶服務，同時也避免了對維護和網絡建設的許多問題。
然而，也正因為上述PON的特性，被動式光纖分支的架構或是局端傳輸設備的好與壞，皆會影響著此網路系統的傳輸效能。因此對於電信業者而言，如何有效的即時監控PON以及同時具備保護裝置乃為實現PON系統的重要考量。同理，對於WDM-PON系統進行大容量的數據到多個用戶，信號通道故障監測確保系統的可靠性至關重要。可調光時域反射儀（OTDR）可用於檢測光纖線路之斷裂。放大自發輻射（ASE）源或其它多波長光源也可以在WDM-PON的通道故障監測系統中提供監控信號。通常在ONU端加入各種元件如光纖光柵(Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)或者鏡面(Mirror)以改變其反射量，以便於監測其反射信號。
在本篇論文中，我們將提出並驗證一使用FP-LD做為調變式反射器和光接收器來設計用於WDM-PON之故障監測單元，監測光纖路徑與用戶端設備之工作情形。

Passive optical networks (PONs) nowadays become significant architectures of access networks. As a low-cost and wideband network scheme, PONs are composed of passive components in the networks, but only optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network unit(ONU) are active apparatuses. So they not only provide a service with high quality and wideband, but also avoid many problems on the maintenance and construction in the networks.

However, these characteristics of PONs also make defect. It is easy to affect the performance of the network transmission system by the branching structure on fiber or the quality of central office transmission equipment. For operators, to achieve PON systems, it is important to monitor in real-time and to have a protective scheme. Similarly, for a wavelength-division-multiplexed PON (WDM-PON) system carrying high-capacity data to many users, channel fault monitoring is essential for ensuring the system reliability.Tunable optical time-domain reflectometers can be used to detect fiber breaks in both the feeder and distribution fibers. An amplified spontaneous emission source or other multi-wavelength light sources can also be used to provide the monitoring signal for channel fault monitoring in a WDM-PON system. In addition, a fiber Bragg grating or a mirror can be designed in the ONU to carry out the channel fault monitoring.

In this thesis, the proposed optical monitoring unit based on a single low-cost coaxial-type FP-LD as a dithered reflector and a photo-receiver has been demonstrated in a simple WDM-PON architecture. It is very suitable for monitoring the status of fiber paths and ONUs.

目錄
第一章 緒論
1.1 前言----------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 研究動機----------------------------------------------------------------------3
1.3 論文架構----------------------------------------------------------------------5
第二章 被動光網路介紹
2.1 被動光網路簡介-------------------------------------------------------------6
	2.1.1 被動光元件-----------------------------------------------------------7
	2.1.2 被動光網路特性-----------------------------------------------------8
2.2 被動光網路類型-------------------------------------------------------------9
	2.2.1 E-PON-----------------------------------------------------------------10
	2.2.2 G-PON-----------------------------------------------------------------12
	2.2.3 WDM-PON-----------------------------------------------------------13
	2.2.4 10G PON--------------------------------------------------------------15
第三章 被動光網路之光監測先前技術
3.1似OTDR之監測網路-------------------------------------------------------16
3. 2 切換式功率監測式架構--------------------------------------------------18
3. 3 光纖光柵或者鏡面為監測元件之架構--------------------------------20
3.4 干涉裝置作為監測元件之架構-----------------------------------------21
3.5 使用法布里-珀羅雷射二極體技術(半雙工光收發模組)-----------22
第四章 法布里-珀羅雷射二極體介紹
4.1 雷射原理與特性-----------------------------------------------------------24
4.2 法布里-珀羅雷射二極體介紹-------------------------------------------27
第五章 光通道故障監測方案
	5.1 反射式調變器原理--------------------------------------------------------31
5.2 光網路監測系統之設計--------------------------------------------------34
5.3 實驗結果--------------------------------------------------------------------42
5.3.1 反射式調變器測試-------------------------------------------------42
5.3.2 監測系統之功能分析----------------------------------------------45
5.3.3 監測參數分析-------------------------------------------------------49
5.3.4 調變頻率分析-------------------------------------------------------52
第六章 結論與未來研究方向
6.1 成果與討論-----------------------------------------------------------------59
6.2 未來研究方向--------------------------------------------------------------60
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------------------------61
圖目錄
圖2.1一般被動光網路結構示意圖-------------------------------------------------7
圖2.2 E-PON光網路架構圖--------------------------------------------------------11
圖2.3 WDM-PON光網路架構圖--------------------------------------------------13
圖3.1似OTDR方式之監測網路--------------------------------------------------16
圖3.2監測元件可切換式監測架構-----------------------------------------------18
圖3.3加入拉曼泵激雷射後之監測架構-----------------------------------------19
圖3.4以光纖光柵或者鏡面為監測元件之架構--------------------------------20
圖3.5以干涉裝置為監測元件之監測架構--------------------------------------21
圖3.6使用法布里-珀羅雷射之監測系統----------------------------------------22
圖4.1 光子與物質之三種基本交互作用----------------------------------------24
圖4.2 雷射與LED特性比較------------------------------------------------------25
圖4.3 FP共振腔基本特性----------------------------------------------------------28
圖4.4 臨界電流以上時法布里-珀羅雷射之光頻譜---------------------------29
圖4.5 臨界電流以下時法布里-珀羅雷射之光頻譜---------------------------29
圖4.6 FPLD電流從零至臨界電流點(10mA)之光頻譜變化------------------30
圖5.1 雷射二極體在(a)零偏壓(b)順向偏壓下的能帶圖---------------------31
圖5.2 法布里-珀羅雷射之(a)共振腔(b)反射式調變器用法-----------------33
圖5.3 雷射封裝架構----------------------------------------------------------------34
圖5.4 WDM-PON之光通道故障監測架構--------------------------------------35
圖5.5 OMU架構---------------------------------------------------------------------36
圖5.6 OMU電路圖------------------------------------------------------------------37
圖5.7 OMU實體圖------------------------------------------------------------------38
圖5.8 OMU運作流程---------------------------------------------------------------39
圖5.9 OLT端音頻接收機架構-----------------------------------------------------40
圖5.10 AD8304 IC-------------------------------------------------------------------40
圖5.11 OLT端音頻接收機電路----------------------------------------------------41
圖5.12 OLT端音頻接收機實體---------------------------------------------------41
圖5.13 (a)1548.5nm FPLD L-I curve (b)8 Channels ---------------------------42
圖5.14反射式調變器測試之實驗架構-------------------------------------------43
圖5.15 CH1入射、反射與FP-LD臨界電流下驅動頻譜比較-----------------43
圖5.16 光通道故障監測架構中事件類型---------------------------------------45
圖5.17 CH1之狀態(路徑正常且ONU正常)------------------------------------46
圖5.18 CH2之狀態(路徑異常，ONU正常)--------------------------------------47
圖5.19 CH3之狀態(路徑正常，ONU異常)--------------------------------------47
圖5.20 CH4之狀態(路徑與ONU皆異常)---------------------------------------48
圖5.21監測系統功能分析實驗架構----------------------------------------------49
圖5.22 ONU與路徑皆正常時(a)CH1(b)CH7(c)CH8之回傳狀態訊號-----50
圖5.23 OMU頻率上限測試架構--------------------------------------------------52
圖5.24 邏輯電路輸出訊號(a)2.5kHz(b)5kHz----------------------------------53
圖5.25 OMU調變10kHz之回傳訊號--------------------------------------------54
圖5.26 OMU調變25kHz之回傳訊號--------------------------------------------55
圖5.27 OMU調變50kHz之回傳訊號--------------------------------------------56
圖5.28 OMU調變100kHz之回傳訊號-------------------------------------------57
圖5.29 OMU調變200kHz之回傳訊號-------------------------------------------57
圖5.30 OMU調變355kHz之回傳訊號-------------------------------------------57
表目錄
表2.1 被動光網路標準特性-------------------------------------------------------10

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