論文摘要內容： 
電子學習歷程檔案(e-portfolio)在許多臺灣的大學中被廣泛應用。絕大多數人將e-portfolio視為作品蒐集、陳列工具，完全沒有關注在學生是否真的習得的評量問題以及學習歷程紀錄的重要性。新評量理論強調認知和社會建構學習理論 (social-constructivist learning theory)，針對高階思考、解決問題技能，以及自我評價等能力進行評估。學習歷程檔案是與新評估理論高度契合的方法之一。 
此外，DiBiase(2002) 亦提出e-portfolio的核心價值為反射、反饋及自我提升。因此，在本研究中重新解釋e-portfolio 2.0的系統概念為一個為教師及學生建立的合一系統，它不但結合了上述作品蒐集、陳列成果工具，更紀錄了學習歷程，以及兼具有效評量的目的。本研究針對高階思考、解決問題技能，以及自我評價等能力進行需求分析，藉以達成一個完善的e-portfolio 2.0系統，使教師及學習者可即時學習，達到學習無界限、無論何時、何地都能學習的新境界。

Abstract:
Electronic portfolio (e-portfolio) has been developed at many universities in Taiwan. The majority treats e-portfolio as a showcase to present works, certainly without focusing on the real assessment for student's learning. New theories of assessment underlie cognitive and social-constructivist learning theories aim to higher order thinking, problem solving skills, and self-evaluation. Portfolio is one of the methods highly match to new assessment theories. 
DiBiase (2002) indicated the core value of the portfolio is reflection, feedback, and self-improving. In here, 
e-portfolio 2.0 concept integrates the core value of the portfolio and the new theories of curriculum, learning and assessment into our concept. Therefore, this paper redefined e-portfolio 2.0 Learning Assessment System as a all in one system which combines showcase, learning process, and assessment purposes for both teacher and student to build a design framework of e-portfolio 2.0 Learning Assessment System. This system divides into three parts, including showcase, assessment function and the evidence of learning process. Also, e-portfolio 2.0 Learning Assessment System collects the evidences of learning and facilitates personal plans. Besides, this system adapts to handheld devices with context-awareness concept which enable users to learn anytime, anywhere.

目 次
謝  誌 .......................................................................................................................i
中文摘要 ...................................................................................................................ii
英文摘要 ................................................................................................................. iii
目 次 ........................................................................................................................iv
表 次 ........................................................................................................................vi	
圖 次 ........................................................................................................................ix	
第一章 緒論 .............................................................................................................1
第一節 研究背景與動機....................................................................................3
第二節 研究目的與問題 ..................................................................................6
第三節 研究範圍與限制 ..................................................................................8
第四節 名詞解釋................................................................................................9
第二章 文獻探討 ....................................................................................................11
第一節 學習歷程檔案之發展演進需求...........................................................11
第二節 評量之概念 .........................................................................................53
第三節 教學策略與教學評量 .........................................................................74
第四節 需求評估 .............................................................................................89
第三章 研究設計 ....................................................................................................94
第一節 研究架構與流程 .................................................................................94
第二節 研究對象 .............................................................................................97
第三節 研究方法 .............................................................................................99
第四節 研究工具 ...........................................................................................101
第四章 資料分析與結果 ......................................................................................106
第一節 需求分析 ...........................................................................................106
第五章 結論 ..........................................................................................................139
第一節 研究結果 ...........................................................................................139
第二節 研究貢獻 ...........................................................................................150
第三節 研究建議 ...........................................................................................152
參考文獻 ................................................................................................................153
附錄一 ....................................................................................................................162
附錄二 ....................................................................................................................166
附錄三 ....................................................................................................................168
附錄四 ....................................................................................................................170
附錄五 ....................................................................................................................172
附錄六 ....................................................................................................................178
附錄七 ....................................................................................................................180
附錄八 ....................................................................................................................182
附錄九 ....................................................................................................................185
附錄十 ....................................................................................................................186
附錄十一 ................................................................................................................187
附錄十二 ................................................................................................................188
附錄十三 ................................................................................................................190
附錄十四 ................................................................................................................196
附錄十五 ................................................................................................................203
附錄十六 ................................................................................................................206

表 次
表2-1-1 Portfolio定義/蒐集格式內容/檔案類型統整表 .....................................13
表2-1-2 e-portfolio定義/蒐集格式內容/檔案類型統整表 ..................................16
表2-1-3教師及學生使用學習歷程檔案所需之功能項目整理表 ......................18
表2-1-4 e-portfolio優點統整 ................................................................................20
表2-1-5 e-portfolio缺點與解決方法統整 ............................................................22
表2-1-6 e-portfolio評鑑表 ....................................................................................27
表2-1-7淡江大學系統電子學習歷程檔案功能歸屬比較表 ..............................32
表2-1-8學習歷程系統功能表 ..............................................................................32
表2-1-9就業資訊功能表 ......................................................................................33
表2-1-10學生學習歷程檔案系統功能表 ............................................................34
表2-1-11國內各大學數位化學習歷程檔案功能比較表 ....................................35
表2-1-12 Mahara Open Source e-portfolio架構表 ...............................................46
表2-1-13國外各大學數位化學習歷程檔案功能比較表 ....................................49
表2-1-14自我建構式、半平台式、平台式比較表 ............................................52
表2-2-1 舊式教學與創新教學比較表 .................................................................56
表2-2-2 e-portfolio 1.0與 e-portfolio 2.0比較表 ................................................57
表2-2-3檔案重點評量 ..........................................................................................67
表2-2-4鄒慧英（2005）數位化學習檔案整體式評分規範 ..............................68
表2-2-5 e-portfolio2.0教師評鑑學生整體檔案內容/檔案呈現Rubrics .............69
表2-3-1教師主導取向與學生自學取向比較表 ..................................................76
表2-3-2以教師為中心與以學生為中心之教學取向比較 ..................................77
表2-3-3 PBL教學策略Rubrics系列表 ...............................................................79
表2-4-1需求評估層級與組織要素對照表 ..........................................................90
表2-4-2 需求評估資料蒐集方式 .........................................................................91
表2-4-3需求評估資料蒐集方式整理比較 ..........................................................92
表3-2-1 教師受訪者基本資料 .............................................................................97
表3-2-2行政人員受訪者基本資料 ......................................................................97
表3-2-3評量/教學專家受訪者基本資料 .............................................................98
表3-4-1針對教師問卷內容表 ............................................................................101
表3-4-2針對行政人員問卷內容表 ....................................................................102
表3-4-3 針對評量/教學專家問卷內容表 ..........................................................104
表4-1-1教師期望功能表 ....................................................................................106
表4-1-2行政人員期望功能表 ............................................................................107
表4-1-3專家期望功能表 ....................................................................................107
表4-1-4教師了解現況及需求問題表 ................................................................108
表4-1-5行政人員了解現況及需求問題表 ........................................................109
表4-1-6專家了解現況及需求問題表 ................................................................110
表4-1-7需求分析規畫表 ....................................................................................111
表4-1-8教師、專家及行政訪談綜整內容1 ......................................................112
表4-1-9 e-portfolio蒐集項目及蒐集原因統整表 ..............................................115
表4-1-10教師、專家及行政訪談綜整內容2 ....................................................116
表4-1-11教師、專家及行政訪談綜整內容3 ....................................................124
表4-1-12 PBL Rubrics評分對照表 ....................................................................127
表4-1-13 Web2.0發展e-portfolio評量工具 ......................................................131
表4-1-14教師、專家及行政訪談綜整內容4 ....................................................137
表5-1-1基本功能區表 ........................................................................................143
表5-1-2學習歷程紀錄與評量區表 ....................................................................144
表5-1-3成果展示區表 ........................................................................................145
表5-1-4延伸學習區表 ........................................................................................146
表5-1-5支援區表 ................................................................................................146
表5-1-6 e-portfolio2.0進階功能表 .....................................................................148



圖 次
圖2-1-1 Portfolio蒐集項目圖 ................................................................................13
圖2-1-2東華大學電子學習履歷系統架構圖 .......................................................24
圖2-1-3學生功能架構圖 .......................................................................................41
圖2-1-4求職者功能架構圖 ...................................................................................42
圖2-1-5步驟說明參考圖 .......................................................................................43
圖2-1-6介面呈現參考圖 .......................................................................................43
圖2-1-7學生功能架構圖 .......................................................................................44
圖2-1-8技能指標總覽參考圖 ...............................................................................45
圖2-1-9 Mahara Menu階層項目介面參考圖 .......................................................48
圖2-2-1 歷史回顧描述課程概念、學習理論及評量的轉變，解釋目前新觀點
教學和舊式觀點考試的不相容之處 ....................................................54 
圖2-2-2 e-portfolio2.0學習歷程檔案雛型之評量架構圖 ...................................58
圖2-2-3 LAMS拖曳物件功能圖 ..........................................................................62
圖2-2-4 LAMS內容編輯功能圖 ..........................................................................63
圖2-2-5教師即時檢視學生學習進程圖 ..............................................................63
圖2-2-6教師即時檢視學生學習回答內容圖 ......................................................64
圖2-2-7學生學習活動流程圖 ..............................................................................64
圖2-2-8學生Q&A回答圖 ...................................................................................65
圖2-2-9學生Q&A反饋圖 ...................................................................................65
圖2-2-10 電子化學習歷程檔案和評量管理系統的關係圖.................................70
圖2-2-11 教師與學生之間的控制點分佈圖 .......................................................71
圖2-2-12 學習證據公式圖 ...................................................................................71
圖2-3-1革新教學原則圖 ......................................................................................75
圖2-3-2教師主導取向教學策略圖 ......................................................................76
圖2-4-1需求評估研究步驟圖 ..............................................................................91
圖3-1-1研究架構圖 ..............................................................................................95
圖3-1-2研究流程圖 ..............................................................................................96
圖4-1-1 e-portfolio2.0學習歷程評量系統之基本概念架構 .............................120
圖4-1-2學習評量系統概要 ................................................................................126
圖4-1-3用戶之間在評量過程中支援和資源的互動的關係 ............................126
圖4-1-4 ASSURE教學設計原理流程圖 ............................................................134
圖4-1-5 e-portfolio2.0學習歷程檔案雛型之學習評量歷程/記錄區介面設計..135
圖4-1-6 e-portfolio2.0學習歷程檔案雛型之學習評量介面設計 .....................136
圖4-1-7 e-portfolio2.0學習歷程檔案雛型之成果展示區介面設計 .................136
圖4-1-8 e-portfolio2.0學習歷程檔案雛型之延伸學習區介面設計 .................137
圖5-1-1 e-portfolio2.0發展模式概念圖 .............................................................140
圖5-1-2評量架構 ................................................................................................141
圖5-1-3成果展示區架構 ....................................................................................141
圖5-1-4 e-portfolio2.0學習歷程檔案雛型之功能架構圖 .................................142

參考文獻
壹、中文部份
李世忠、何政興 (1998)。電腦教學軟體介面設計，台北：立威出版社。
李世忠、徐瑜璘 (2004)。網路教學互動討論方法之介面設計與發展。教育資料與圖書館學刊，41(3)，389-404。
林胤彤 (2006) 。網路學園教學平台介面評估之研究－以台東大學為例 (碩士論文)。台東大學教育研究所，台東。
何縕琪 (1997)。卷宗評量法在教學上之應用。測驗與輔導，86 年8 月號。
吳毓瑩 (1998)。我看、我畫、我說、我演、我想、我是誰呀？--卷宗評量之概念、理論、與應用。教育資料與研究，20，13-17。
吳婷婷，黃國禎，宋天文 (2007，10)。建構情境感知無所不在學習之應用。TANET 2007 臺灣網際網路研討會，國立臺南大學數位學習科技學系及國立中山大學資訊工程學系及興國管理學院資訊管理學系，台北市。
梁宗賀 (1999)。網路卷宗評量在國小電腦科技之研究 (碩士論文) 。國立台南師範學院教育研究所，台南市。
張基成、童宜慧(2000)。網路化學習歷程檔案系統之建構與評鑑－一個電子化的真實性學習評量工具。遠距教育，13(14)，78-90。
張美玉（2001）。從多元智能的觀點談歷程檔案評量在教育上的應用。教育研究資訊， 9(1)，32-54。
張春興、林清山（1989）。教育心理學。台北：東華圖書出版公司，78-90.
張清濱（2002）。 學校教育改革：課程與教學。台北：五南圖書出版公司，235.
張添洲（2004）。X檔案－教學檔案、學習檔案。台北：五南圖書出版公司，136. 
黃耿鐘（2002）。網路學習檔案評量系統及學習檔案成效指標之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立台南師範學院，台南市。
楊坤原、張賴妙理（2005）。問題本位學習的理論基礎與教學歷程。中原學報， 33(2)，215-235 (TA&HCI)。
葉蕙蘭（1999）。淡江大學教師教育專業成長之需求評估研究 (碩士論文)。淡江大學教育資料科學研究所碩士論文，台北市。
盧雪梅 (1998)。實作評量的應許、難題和挑戰。教育資料與研究雙月刊期 ， 
       8701(20)，1-5。
盧雪梅 (2001)。學習歷程檔案評量的理念與實務。台北：台北市立師範學院。
趙怡禎、楊琮熙 (2008)，輔助創造力發展之人機介面設計原則初探。2008學習科技與優使性國際研討會，國立聯合大學，苗栗市。
鄒慧英（2000）。多元化的檔案評量。國教之友，52(1)，16-23。
鄒慧英（2005）。提昇大學基礎教育計畫：知識經濟時代職前教師自主學習文化之建構 & 總計畫：數位化歷程檔案與反省式教學模式對師資培育效益之探討(4/4)，教育部計畫研究報告。
魏澤群 (2007)。優使性2.0 (Usability 2.0)─網站經驗設計與使用者研究，台北市：網奕出版社。
簡建忠 (1994)。績效需求評估。勞工研究，114，1-12。
羅孟彥、黃琪(2010)。學習與生涯歷程檔案系統之建置與研究。	國立高雄應用科技大學，高雄市。
羅孟彥(2012，6)。從課程地圖到學習歷程與職涯規劃─與UCAN系統整合經驗。教育部UCAN學校學習輔導應用研討會，高雄市。


貳、英文部份
Abrami P. & Barrett H. (2005). Directions for Research and Development on Electronic Portfolios. The Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 31,3.
Arter, J. & Spandel, V. (1992). Using portfolios of student work in instruction and assessment: A NCME instructional module. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, I 1, 36-44.
Ausubel, D.P. (1961). In defense of verbal learning. Educational Theory, 11(1), 15-25.
Avraamidou, L. & Zembal-Saul, C. (2006). Exploring the influence of web-based portfolio development on learning to teach elementary science. AACE Journal, 14(2), 178-205.
Barrett, H. (1997). Collaborative Planning for Electronic Portfolios: Asking Strategic Questions, paper presented at National Educational Computing Conference.
Barrett, H. (2003). e-Portfolios: Issues in Assessment, Accountability and Preservice Teacher Preparation, paper presented at American Educational Research Association, Chicago.
Barrett, H. (2004). Differentiating Electronic Portfolios and Online Assessment Management Systems , paper presented at SITE 2004 Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Barrows, H. S. (1986). A Taxonomy of problem-based learningmethods. Medical Education, 20, 481-486.
Biggs, J. (2000). Teaching for quality learning at university. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Cindy E. H. (2004). Problem-Based Learning: What and How do students learn?, Educational Psychology Review, 16(3) , 235-266. Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers.
Dewey, J. (1938). Experience & Education. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Finlay, I., Maughan, T. & Webster, D. (2004). A randomized controlled study of the
portfolio learning in undergraduate cancer education. Medical Education, 32(2), 172-176.
Gagne, R. (1985). The Conditions of Learning (4th ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
Hartnell-Young, E., & Morriss, M. P. (2006). Digital portfolios: Powerful tools for promoting professional growth and reflection. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Henderson, J. (1995), An inside look at portfolio assessment. Paper presented at Interfact 95, Lake Ozark, MO. 
Hirumi, A. (2002). Student-centered, technology-rich learning environments (SCenTRLE): Operationalizing constructivist approaches to teaching and learning. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 497-537.
IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. "IMS ePortfolio Information Model V1.0 Final Specification",June 2005.
Jafari, A., & Kaufman, C. (2006). Handbook of research on ePortfolios. New York: Idea Group Reference.
Jakob N. (1993). Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann, 358 
Kaufman A. R., Rojas, M. A. & Mayer, H. (1993). Needs Assessment: A User's Guide. 
       Educational Technology. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Educational Technology     
       Publication.
Lambros, A. (2004). Problem-based learning in middle and high school classrooms. Wake Forest University, USA : Corwin Press.
Lambert, S. & Corrin, L. (2006). Moving towards a university-wide implementation of an eportfolio tool. Proceedings of the 23rd annual ascilite conference, 441-50, The University of Sydney.
Lorrie A. Shepard. (2000). The Role of Classroom Assessment in Teaching and Learning. CSE Technical Report 517. Colorado: CRESST/University of Colorado at Boulder. 
Lucas, C. & Yancey, B. K. (1992). Introduction: Writing Portfolios - Changes and Challenges in K. Yancey (Ed.) Portfolios in the Writing Classroom: An Introduction. Urbana, Illinois: NCTE.
Marcus, A. & Baumgartner, V. J. (2004). A visible language analysis of user-interface design components and culture dimensions. Visible Language, 38(1), 2-65.
Mason, R., Pegler, C. & Weller M. (2004). E-portfolio: an assessment tool for online courses, British Journal of Educational Technology, 35(6), 717-727.
Methies, B. K. & Cole, D. J. & Ryan, C. W. and Kick, F. (1995). Technology and the portfolio in the future. California: California Corwin Press, In. 
Norman, D. (1988). The Psychology of Everyday Things. New York: Basic Books. 
Paul, T. & Jill, J. (2003), Electronic Portfolio need Standards to Thrive, Educause Quarterly, 34-42. 
Rees, C. & Sheard, C. (2004), Undergraduate medical students' views about a reflective portfolio assessment of their communication skills learning, Medical EducationVolume 38(2), 125 - 128.
Savin-Baden, M. (2000). Problem-based Learning in Higher Education: Untold Stories. Buckingham: SRHE and Open University.
Segers, M. & Dochy, F. (2001). New Assessment Forms in Problem-based Learning: the value-added of the students’ perspective, The Netherlands, University of Leuven, Belgium. Studies in Higher Education, 26(3).
Smith, L. P. & Ragan, T. J. (2005). Instructional design (Third edition). New York: Merrill, Macmillan Pub. Inc.
Stephen, M. A. & Stanley, R. T. (2001). Computer-Based Instruction: Methods and Development (Paperback). Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Longman Higher Education.
Tim, O. (2007). What Is Web 2.0? Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. Communications & Strategies, 65(1), 17.
Wray, S. (2007), Supporting Teacher Candidates during the Electronic Portfolio Development Process (USA. E-Learning ISSN 1741-8887, Volume 4). UK: Department of Early Childhood, Elementary, and Literacy Education.
Zeichner, K. & Wray, S. (2001). The teaching portfolio in US teacher education programs: what we know and what we need to know. Teaching and Teacher Education,17, 613-621.
Zhang, S. X. , Olfman, L. & Ractham, P. (2007) Designing ePortfolio 2.0: Integrating and Coordinating Web 2.0 Services with ePortfolio Systems for enhancing Users' Learning. Journal of Information Systems Education ,18(2), 203-214.


参、網頁部份
東華大學(http://cte.ndhu.edu.tw/index.htm)
高師大(http://cdtl.nknu.edu.tw/e_portfolio/index.php) 
逢甲大學(http://eportfolio.fcu.edu.tw/)
財團法人台灣網路資訊中心 (2007)。台灣寬頻網路使用調查報告。from http://www.twnic.net.tw/NEWS/1167.html
創造力入口網 (2008)。台灣創造力教育實施現況- 政府提出哪些重視或推動創造力(或創造力教育)的政策或方案? ，from http://www.creativity.edu.tw/creativity_edu_taiwan/ch1.php
Barrett, H. (2003). The research on portfolios in education. Retrieved January 31, 2008, from http://www.electronicportfolios.com/ali/research.html  
Barrett, H. (2006). Authentic Assessment with Electronic Portfolios using Common Software and Web 2.0 Tools, from http://electronicportfolios.com/web20.html.
Barrett, H. & Wilkerson, J. (2004). Conflicting Paradigms in Electronic Portfolio Approaches, Choosing an Electronic Portfolio Strategy that Matches your Conceptual Framework. from
       http://electronicportfolios.org/systems/paradigms.html 
Batson, T. (2002, December) Electronic portfolio boom: What’s it all about? Syllabus, 16, 5. Retrieved November 17, 2007 from http://www.syllabus.com/article.asp?id=6984 
Cotterill S., McDonald, A., Drummond, P. & Hammond, G. (2004). Design, implementation and evaluation of a ‘generic’ e-portfolio: the Newcastle experience. Prasentation auf der ePortfolio 2004, from http://www.eportfolios.ac.uk/FDTL4?pid=49 (abgerufen am 24.12.2004).  
DiBiase, D. (2002). Using e-portfolios at Penn State to enhance student learning. Retrieved February 20, 2008, from 
http://www.e-education.psn.edu/portfolios/e-port_report.doc.
Lankes, A. M. D. (1995). Electronic Portfolios: A New Idea in Assessment. ERIC Digest, from http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED390377&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED390377
Lorenzo, G. & Ittelson, J. (2005), An Overview of E-Portfolios. The EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative, (July 26). Retrieved November 15 2005 from: http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI3001.pdf
Philippa B. (2006), A Review Of The Literature On Portfolios And Electronic Portfolios, eCDF ePortfolio Project. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5. from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/
Roberts, G. , Aalderink, W. , Cook, J. , Feijen, M. , Harvey, J. , Lee, S. & Wade, V.P. (2005). Reflective learning, future thinking: digital repositories, e-portfolios, informal learning and ubiquitous computing. ALT/SURF/ILTA Spring Conference Research Seminar, from http://www.alt.ac.uk/ALT_SURF_ILTA_white_paper_2005.pdf [viewed 10 July 2006].
BackFlip, from http://www.backflip.com/login.ihtml 
Blogger, from http://www.blogger.org
BubbleShare, from http://www.bubbleshare.com
Delicious, from http://del.icio.us
Drupal, from http://drupal.org
Elgg, from http://www.elgg.org
Flickr, from http://www.flickr.com
Friendster, from http://www.friendster.com
Google document, from http://doc.google.com
Google video, from http://video.google.com
JumpCut, from http://www.jumpcut.com
LaGuardia Community College e-portfolio, from http://www.eportfolio.lagcc.cuny.edu/intermediate_gallery.htmle-portfolio
LAMS (Learning Activity Management System), from http://lamsfoundation.org
LiveJournal, from http://www.livejournal.org
Partnership for 21st Century Skills, from http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/
ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education), from http://www.iste.org/
MySpace, from http://www.myspace.com
Ourmedia, from http://www.ourmedia.org
PageFlakes, from http://www.pageflakes.com
PhotoBucket, from http://www.photobucket.com
Plone, from http://www.plone.org
Podomatic, from http://www.podomatic.com
ProtoPage, from http://www.protopage.com
Vimeo, from http://www.vimeo.com
Youtube, from http://www.youtube.com
Web2.0 Booklet group (group of educators), from http://web2booklet.blogspot.com/
WikiSpaces free subscriptions for teachers, from http://www.wikispaces.com/site/for/teacher
Word Press, from http://www.wordpress.org
Zoho, from http://www.zoho.com