本研究主要目的在利用直接模擬蒙地卡羅法(DSMC)，對三維超音速衝壓引擎之內流場與燃料混合效率進行模擬，探討在不同馬赫數及外型下進氣道內部流場之變化，研究結果可觀察到斜震波及正震波的產生，將影響燃燒室氫氣之混合品質。模擬入口流條件為12、15、18馬赫，而外型區分為凹槽與凹槽後方斜率兩種，本研究希望藉由三維之模擬，進而與二維做比較增加準確性，作為爾後主要模擬之有利工具。

In this study, the direct simulation Monte Carlo method was used in simulating the internal flow field and fuel mixing efficiency of a three-dimensional supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) engine to investigate the changes in the internal field of air inlets at varying Mach numbers and for different physical appearances. The study results show that oblique shock waves and normal shock waves affect the mixing quality of hydrogen in the combustion chamber. The simulated air inlet conditions were 12, 15, and 18 Mach. In addition, two types of physical appearances were tested, specifically, concave cavity and rear-ramped concave cavity. By comparing the results obtained from the three-dimensional simulations with extant two-dimensional simulation results, this study endeavors to increase simulation accuracy. These comparative results can then be used as a reference for conducting major simulations in the future.

目錄	IV
表目錄	VI
圖目錄	VII
符號表	X
第一章  緒論	                        1
1-1 前言	                                1
1-2 文獻回顧	                        2
1-3 紐森數的定義	                        5
1-4 稀薄氣體的定義( Dilute gas)	        7
1-5 波茲曼方程式(Boltzmann equation)	8
第二章  直接蒙地卡羅法	                10
2-1 直接模擬蒙地卡羅法	                10
2-2 網格設置與時步的計算	                12
2-3 流場初始條件	                        12
2-4 流場邊界條件	                        13
2-5 氣體分子模型	                        16
2-5-1 硬球模型(Hard sphere ,HS)	        16
2-5-2 可變硬球模型(Variable soft sphere model ,VHS)	16
2-5-3 可變軟球模型(Variable soft sphere model ,VSS)	18
2-5-4 雙原子分子模型	                18
第三章  超音速燃燒衝壓引擎	                23
3-1 超音速燃燒衝壓引擎概述	                23
3-2 超音速燃燒衝壓引擎構造	                24
3-3 超音速燃燒衝壓引擎未來的挑戰	        25
第四章  結果與討論	                        26
4-1 三維外型設置	                        26
4-2 混合效率	                        27
4-3 兩外型結構下各馬赫數比較          	27
4-3-1 三維12、15、18馬赫算例外流場馬赫變化	28
4-3-2 二維與三維不同馬赫數內、外流場比較	28
4-3-3 三維12、15、18馬赫算例外流場壓力變化	29
4-3-4 二維與三維不同馬赫數內流場壓力比較	30
4-3-5 三維12、15、18馬赫算例外流場溫度變化	31
4-3-6 二維與三維不同馬赫數內流場溫度比較	31
4-3-7 二維與三維氫氧粒子分佈之比較	        32
4-4 二維與三維混合效率之比較         	33
第五章  結論與建議	                        35
5-1 結論                         	35
5-2 未來建議與工作                  	36
參考文獻	                                37

表目錄
表4-1 自由流條件設置 ................................. 41
表4-2 可變硬球模型基本參數(273K，1atm) ............... 41

圖目錄
圖1-1 X-51 進行無人駕駛飛機圖 ........................... 42
圖2-1 稀薄度與密度之關係圖 ............................. 43
圖2-2 直接模擬蒙地卡羅法流程圖 ......................... 44
圖2-3 粒子與壁面交互做用(鏡面反射邊界) ................. 45
圖2-4 粒子與壁面交互作用(漫反射邊界) ................... 45
圖2-5 分子碰撞面積示意圖 ............................... 46
圖3-1 X-51 無人駕駛飛機圖 ............................... 46
圖3-2 噴射推進系統圖 ................................... 47
圖3-3 超音速燃燒衝壓引擎構造圖 ......................... 47
圖4-1 三維凹槽模型 ..................................... 48
圖4-2 三維凹槽後方斜率模型 ............................. 49
圖4-3 三維凹槽12 馬赫數分佈圖 .......................... 50
圖4-4 三維凹槽斜率12 馬赫數分佈圖 ...................... 51
圖4-5 三維凹槽15 馬赫數分佈圖 .......................... 52
圖4-6 三維凹槽斜率15 馬赫數分佈圖 ...................... 53
圖4-7 三維凹槽18 馬赫數分佈圖 .......................... 54
圖4-8 三維凹槽斜率18 馬赫數分佈圖 ...................... 55
圖4-9 二維與三維凹槽外流場比較圖 ....................... 56
圖 4-10 二維與三維凹槽斜率外流場比較圖 .................. 57
圖4-11 二維與三維凹槽內流場比較圖 ...................... 58
圖4-12 二維與三維凹槽斜率內流場比較圖 .................. 59
圖4-13 三維凹槽12 馬赫數壓力分佈圖 ..................... 60
圖4-14 三維凹槽斜率12 馬赫數壓力分佈圖 ................. 61
圖4-15 三維凹槽15 馬赫數壓力分佈圖 ..................... 62
圖4-16 三維凹槽斜率15 馬赫數壓力分佈圖 ................. 63
圖4-17 三維凹槽18 馬赫數壓力分佈圖 ..................... 64
圖4-18 三維凹槽斜率18 馬赫數壓力分佈圖 ................. 65
圖4-19 二維與三維凹槽內流場壓力比較圖 .................. 66
圖4-20 二維與三維凹槽斜率內流場壓力比較圖 .............. 67
圖4-21 凹槽12MA 中心壓力切面圖 ......................... 68
圖4-22 凹槽斜率12MA 中心壓力切面圖 ..................... 68
圖4-23 凹槽15MA 中心壓力切面圖 ......................... 69
圖4-24 凹槽斜率15MA 中心壓力切面圖 ..................... 69
圖4-25 凹槽18MA 中心壓力切面圖 ......................... 70
圖4-26 凹槽斜率18MA 中心壓力切面圖 ..................... 70
圖4-27 三維凹槽12 馬赫數溫度分佈圖 ..................... 71
圖4-28 三維凹槽斜率12 馬赫數溫度分佈圖 ................. 72
圖4-29 三維凹槽15 馬赫數溫度分佈圖 ..................... 73
圖 4-30 三維凹槽斜率15 馬赫數溫度分佈圖 ................. 74
圖4-31 三維凹槽18 馬赫數溫度分佈圖 ..................... 75
圖4-32 三維凹槽斜率18 馬赫數溫度分佈圖 ................. 76
圖4-33 二維與三維凹槽內流場溫度比較圖 .................. 77
圖4-34 二維與三維凹槽斜率內流場溫度比較圖 .............. 78
圖4-35 凹槽12MA 中心溫度切面圖 ......................... 79
圖4-36 凹槽斜率12MA 中心溫度切面圖 ..................... 79
圖4-37 凹槽15MA 中心溫度切面圖 ......................... 80
圖4-38 凹槽斜率15MA 中心溫度切面圖 ..................... 80
圖4-39 凹槽18MA 中心溫度切面圖 ......................... 81
圖4-40 凹槽斜率18MA 中心溫度切面圖 ..................... 81
圖4-41 凹槽氫氧分佈圖 .................................. 82
圖4-42 凹槽斜率氫氧分佈圖 .............................. 82
圖4-43 凹槽混合效率比較圖 .............................. 83
圖4-44 凹槽混合斜率效率比較圖 .......................... 84

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