本研究探討酸化/鹼化對淨水污泥減量與脫水性之影響，實驗用淨水污泥採至台北自來水事業處公館淨水場污泥濃縮槽。以鋁鹽回收率、鋁鹽溶出效率、污泥固體物與體積減量評估污泥減量，以毛細汲取時間(CST)及過濾比阻抗試驗值(SRF)表示污泥脫水性。此外，以Roberts沉降公式評估污泥沉降性。污泥酸化/鹼化實驗採瓶杯試驗。
研究結果顯示污泥酸化與鹼化最適pH分別為2、12，鋁鹽回收率與污泥減量於酸化比鹼化佳。酸化pH=2之鋁鹽回收率、鋁鹽溶出溶度、污泥固體物與污泥體積減量分別為78%、1,092 mg/L、12.3% 及32%。然而，鹼化時溶解性有機物（DOC）溶出濃度為310 mg/L高於酸化時之溶出DOC為75 mg/L，此乃由於原水中天然有機物如腐植酸易溶解於鹼性。酸化於pH 1時鋁鹽回收率雖達最高為97%，但因鋁鹽溶出效率（以單位氫莫耳溶出鋁鹽莫耳數表示）為0.009低於pH 2時之 0.098最佳，故污泥減量酸化之最佳pH 為2。
污泥酸化/鹼化對污泥沉降性影響之研究結果顯示，酸化/鹼化皆可提高污泥沉降性，沉降速度於酸性範圍隨pH減少而增加，相對地，於鹼性範圍隨pH增加而增加。污泥酸化對污泥脫水性SRF值影響不顯著，但鹼化使污泥脫水性隨鹼化pH增加而變差，換言之SRF值隨pH增加而增加。此外，污泥先酸化後再調整污泥至中性(原濃縮污泥pH 7)，SRF值降低30%，顯示再調整pH可改善污泥脫水性。故污泥減量、鋁鹽回收與後續脫水處理之最適pH可分別控制2與7。

The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of acidification and alkalization on water treatment sludge reduction and dewaterability. The sludge was sampled from a sludge thickener tank at the Gongguan water treatment plant of Taipei Water Department. The parameters such as aluminum recovery rate, aluminum dissolution efficiency, reduction of solid and volume were used to evaluate the efficiencies of sludge reduction. Moreover, the sludge dewaterability was measured by the capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance value (SRF).  The sludge settleabiltiy was evaluated by Roberts’ equation. The sludge reduction experiments were conducted by the Jar test.
The results showed that the optimum pH of sludge acidification and alkalization were 2 and 12, respectively. Both aluminum recovery rate and sludge reduction by acidification were better than that by alkalization. Sludge acidification at pH 2, the aluminum recovery rate, aluminum dissolution concentration, and reduction of solid and reduction were 78%, 1,092 mg/L, 12.3% and 32%, respectively. However, the dissolution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by alkalization was higher than that by acidification.  The DOC dissolution concentrations were 75 mg/L and 310 mg/L at pH 2 and pH 12, respectively. This is due to natural occurring matters, such as humic acid highly dissolves at alkali conditions but acidic conditions. Furthermore, aluminum recovery rate reached up to 97% at pH 1, whereas the aluminum dissolution efficiency (expressed by mol of aluminum dissolution per mol of hydrogen ion) was 0.009, which was lower than that of 0.098 at pH 2.  Therefore,   the optimum pH for sludge acidification was 2.
The results of effect of acidification/alkalization on sludge settleability showed that both acidification and alkalization can raise sludge settleability. The sludge settlement velocity increased with the decrease of pH at acidic conditions.  In contract, it increased with the increase of pH at basic conditions. The sludge dewaterability expressed by SRF values were insignificantly affected by acidification.  However, SRF values increased with the increase with pH.  This implied that the sludge dewaterability became worse by alkalization. In addition, when sludge pH was adjusted to pH 7 (pH of thickened sludge) again after sludge acidification, it observed that SRF value reduced about 30%. It concluded that the optimum pH for aluminum recovery, sludge reduction and the followed-up dewatering can be controlled at pH 2, and 7, respectively.

目錄	I
圖目錄	IV
表目錄	VI
第一章 前言	1
1-1	研究背景	1
1-2	研究目的	3
第二章 文獻回顧	4
2-1	污泥特性	4
2-1-1	淨水污泥特性及來源	4
2-1-2	淨水污泥產量與處理現況	7
2-1-3	淨水污泥資源化技術	10
2-2	污泥調理	13
2-2-1	污泥調理方法	13
2-2-2	污泥調理之影響因素	15
2-2-3	污泥酸化、鹼化對混凝劑回收之技術	18
2-2-4	國內外污泥酸化、鹼化研究及實例	23
2-3	污泥脫水特性	26
2-3-1	污泥脫水影響因素	26
2-3-2	污泥沈降與脫水特性評估	30
第三章 實驗材料與方法	34
3-1	實驗材料	34
3-1-1	淨水污泥	34
3-1-2	實驗試劑	36
3-1-3	實驗設備	37
3-2	實驗方法	39
3-2-1	污泥調理瓶杯試驗	41
3-2-2	污泥沉降及脫水試驗	42
3-2-3	水質及污泥特性分析	44
第四章 結果與討論	52
4-1	PH對污泥有機物與重金屬溶出之影響	52
4-1-1	pH對有機物溶出之影響	52
4-1-2	pH對金屬溶出濃度之影響	57
4-1-3	pH對鋁鹽回收率之影響	62
4-1-4	pH對鋁鹽溶出效率之影響	65
4-2	PH對污泥減量之影響	70
4-2-1	pH對污泥體積減量之影響	70
4-2-2	pH對污泥重量減量之影響	71
4-2-3	pH對污泥沉降性之影響	74
4-2-4	pH對污泥濃縮性之影響	79
4-3	污泥過濾及脫水性之影響	81
4-3-1	pH對污泥脫水性及過濾性之影響	81
4-3-2	pH對移除上澄液後的底泥過濾及脫水性之影響	85
4-3-3	pH對酸化/鹼化後底泥過濾性及脫水性	87
4-3-4	CST與SFR值之相關性	91
4-3-5	污泥過濾性及脫水性綜合評估	93
4-4	酸化/鹼化綜合評估	95
第五章 結論	100
參考文獻	101

圖目錄
圖2 - 1 淨水流程	5
圖2 - 2 世界上各國淨水污泥餅產量	8
圖2 - 3 世界上各國單位面積淨水污泥餅負荷量	8
圖2 - 4 氫氧化鋁溶解度圖	19
 
圖3 - 1毛細汲取時間實驗設備	38
圖3 - 2 布氏(Buchner)漏斗試驗裝置	39
圖3 - 3 實驗流程圖	41

圖4 - 1 pH對有機物溶出之影響	55
圖4 - 2 化學需氧量與溶解性有機物之相關性	56
圖4 - 3 pH對污泥溶出液濁度及色度之影響	58
圖4 - 4 pH對鋁鹽溶出濃度之影響	60
圖4 - 5 pH對鋁鹽回收率之影響	65
圖4 - 6 污泥不同pH所需添加氫及氫氧根離子莫耳量	69
圖4 - 7 酸化、鹼化對鋁鹽溶出效率之影響	70
圖4 - 8 酸化與鹼化對污泥重量減量及體積減量之影響	74
圖4 - 9 污泥重量減量與體積減量之相關性	74
圖4 - 10 污泥固體物減量與鋁鹽及DOC溶出之相關性	75
圖4 - 11 污泥酸化之沉降曲線	77
圖4 - 12 污泥鹼化之沉降曲線	77
圖4 - 13 酸化對淨水污泥Roberts沉降式之影響	78
圖4 - 14 鹼化對淨水污泥Roberts沉降式之影響	78
圖4 - 15 pH對Roberts沉降常數k值之影響	79
圖4 - 16 pH對污泥濃縮性及污泥體積減量之影響	81
圖4 - 17 酸化/鹼化對污泥及底泥脫水性及過濾性之影響	84
圖4 - 18酸化/鹼化底泥之pH調整對過濾性及脫水性之影響	90
圖4 - 19 過濾比阻抗與毛細汲取時間之相關性	94


表2 - 1 全台淨水污泥再利用現況	9
表2 - 2 污泥比組抗與過濾難易程度之關係	31

表3 - 1 濃縮污泥基本特性	34
表3 - 2 濃縮污泥上澄液基本特性	35

表4 - 1 不同pH金屬溶出量	62
表4 - 2 不同pH條件下鋁鹽溶出量	65
表4 - 3 Roberts沉降常數k值迴歸相關性	79
表4 - 4 酸化/鹼化後污泥及底泥過濾性及脫水性之改善	85
表4 - 5 pH對酸化/鹼化後底泥過濾性及脫水性之改善	91
表4 - 6 酸化/鹼化污泥綜合評估表	97
表4 - 7 污泥酸化/鹼化對污泥上澄液及底泥之影響	99
表4 - 8 硫酸鋁用於飲用水處理品質管制標準	100

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