美國一般的大都市多採行強勢市長制，例如巴爾的摩、波士頓、底特律、紐約、費城、匹茲堡、聖路易市等都市，強勢市長制度下雖賦予市長強大的權力，但有許多在強勢市長體系下的城市依然存在著沒有影響力的市長，所以市長並不能只倚靠制度上的權力，也必須學習如何培養能力去治理都市。
因此法令規則會賦予市長相當的權力，但一個城市的情況好壞與否也必須考量到領導者個人的領導統馭，市長制度中強調個人特質與風格的合法權力，然而不管什麼樣的個人風格，要成為一個好的領導者必須要建立策略才能有效的領導。
紐約市也屬於強勢市長的體系，市長朱利安尼透過個人的領導統馭以及策略的建立來領導紐約市，本文的研究重點即是探討朱利安尼如何降低紐約市的犯罪率以及他在九一一事件危機處理表現。

The strong mayor system is the dominant form of government in the nation’s largest cities. Baltimore, Boston, Detroit, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsbrugh, and St. Louis are all generally seen to have strong-mayor sytems. Although the strong-mayor system empowers the mayor of city, a number of strong-mayor cities have seen a succession of weak or uninfluential mayors. No mayor can afford to rely solely on his or her charter poers; even in strong-mayor cities, a mayor has to learn how to conserve and biuld powers in order to govern effectively.
Therefore, the city charter will empower the mayor of that city. The effective mayor leadership will decide how good the city is. The mayor system emphasizes the formal or legal powers of the office. However, to be a good leader should build good strategies that could have the inflence leadership.  
New York City also belongs to the strong-mayor system. Mayor Rudy Giuliani leaded New York City through his own leadership and strategies biulding. This thesis will discuss that Rudy Giuliani how to decline the crime rate of NYC and the performance in the 911 crisis management.

目  次
第一章  緒論............................................1
第一節  研究動機........................................1
第二節  研究目的與問題..................................4
第三節  文獻探討.................... ...................5
第四節  章節安排.......................................23
第二章  紐約市的市府結構...............................26
第一節  美國都市的層級.................................26
第二節  市憲章與市長的領導統馭.........................39
第三章  降低紐約市的犯罪率.............................42
第一節  紐約市的治安問題...............................42
第二節  零容忍以及減少遊民的政策.......................44
第三節  破窗理論的運用.................................52
第四節  警務責任系統的運用.............................56
第五節  迪亞洛事件與朱利安尼的態度.....................59
第四章  九一一事件的危機處理與領導統馭.................67
第一節  朱利安尼的指揮與溝通...........................67
第二節  世貿中心的重建.................................77
第三節  朱利安尼的危機管理與處理.......................82
第四節  紐約市的危機應變與紐奧良市比較.................89
第五章  結論...........................................97
參考資料
中文部分..............................................100
英文部分..............................................102
圖  次
圖1-1‧研究流程圖	24
圖2-1‧弱勢市市長的組織結構........................... 28
圖2-2‧強勢市長制的組織結構........................... 31
圖2-3‧委員會議制的組織結構........................... 35
圖2-4‧議會經理人制的組織結構......................... 37
圖3-1‧1984-2000年紐約市犯罪率..................... ...46
圖3-2‧犯罪與失序的關聯............................... 53

表  次
表1-1‧1960到1970初期芝加哥與紐約的政黨組織比較.........7
表1-2‧紐約市與洛杉磯市有無族群聯盟的比較...............8
表1-3‧危機處理小組的相關任務......................... 19
表1-4‧發言人的媒體任務............................... 20
表2-1‧強勢市長與弱勢市長制的比較..................... 33
表3-1‧人民重視各項議題的比重......................... 43
表3-2‧1990-2001年紐約市的犯罪案件統計................ 46
表3-3‧1996年遊民人口比例統計......................... 48
表3-4‧白人與黑人對迪亞洛事件的看法................... 61
表3-5‧朱利安尼的領導者特質與領導層面詮釋............. 63
表4-1‧九一一事件美國紐約世貿大樓與五角大廈遭襲擊的事件經過
.......................................................69

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