系統識別號 | U0002-1506201709342500 |
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DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2017.00487 |
論文名稱(中文) | 細菌所生產α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之研究 |
論文名稱(英文) | Studies on the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors produced by bacteria |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 化學學系博士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Chemistry |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 105 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 106 |
研究生(中文) | 許家豪 |
研究生(英文) | Chia-Hao Shu |
學號 | 899160021 |
學位類別 | 博士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2017-05-22 |
論文頁數 | 106頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
王三郎(sabulo@mail.tku.edu.tw)
委員 - 謝淳仁(cjshieh@nchu.edu.tw) 委員 - 王三郎(sabulo@mail.tku.edu.tw) 委員 - 王全祿(chuanlu@mail.fit.edu.tw) 委員 - 糜福龍(flmi530326@tmu.edu.tw) 委員 - 郭耀豪(kuoyh@nricm.edu.tw) |
關鍵字(中) |
α-葡萄糖苷酶 糖尿病 枯草芽孢桿菌 根瘤菌 類芽孢桿菌 幾丁質 蝦殼 蟹殼 |
關鍵字(英) |
α-glucosidase diabetes Bacillus mycoides Rhizobium paenibacillus macerans chitin shrimp shells crab shells |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
α-萄糖苷酶抑制劑 ( α-glucosidase inhibitors, aGIs ),為2型糖尿病的藥物,最主要是因為它能直接降低人體對碳水化合物的。本實驗利用Bacillus mycoides TKU040 與 Rhizobium sp. TKU041 共同培養發酵蝦頭殼粉(SHP),以及 Paenibacillus macerans TKU029 發酵蟹殼粉(CSP),生產α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑,實驗結果顯示出,推測此三種菌皆利用幾丁質做一個生物轉換,進而生成α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑。其中TKU040與TKU041所生成之抑制劑推測為醣類,IC50 = 5μg/mL ,抑制型態為混和型抑制劑(non-competitive-uncompetitive)。另外TKU029 發酵蟹殼粉的部分,發酵上清液中測得最高抑制劑活性為666 U/mL,以150mL 培養可得總活性為99900U。目前已從發酵上清液中分離出七個活性區段,後續將以HPLC繼續進行分離純化,並以NMR 進行結構鑑定。 大多數的aGIs對肝臟造成負擔,並引起胃腸道困擾,因此新的aGIs的發展變得非常重要。 本實驗利用Bacillus mycoides TKU040 and Rhizobium sp. TKU041共同培養以蝦頭殼作為唯一碳氮源生產aGIs。以50毫升的培養液培養(0.1% K2HPO4、0.05% MgSO4∙7H2O, pH 9.2),內含1% 蝦頭殼粉,於 37 ºC 培養4天發酵上清液中可得到aGIs (143 U/mL),上清液之半抑制濃度為3 mg/mL,在熱穩定性方面,可耐熱至60 ºC,30分鐘仍保有60 %的活性,在pH安定性方面,於pH11時可提高抑制活性至140 %。後續純化方面經由NMR及MALDI-TOF鑑定後,發現抑制劑結構可能為醣類化合物,抑制型態為混合型抑制劑,純化後之辦抑制濃度為5μg/mL。 另一方面本實驗利用paenibacillus macerans TKU029以螃蟹殼作為唯一碳氮源,生產aGIs,以150毫升培養液(0.1% K2HPO4、0.05% MgSO4∙7H2O, pH 4),內含2 %的螃蟹殼,於30 ºC 培養4天,可於發酵上清液中得到aGIs (99900 U/mL),在熱穩定性方面,可耐熱至100 ºC,30分鐘仍保有99 % 的活性。後續純化方面經由Diaion gel及Silica gel,分離出7個活性區段,NMR進行結構鑑定。 |
英文摘要 |
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (aGIs) have potential use as antidiabetic drugs for the treatment of type II diabetes. Most aGIs place a burden on the liver and cause gastrointestinal distress, therefore the development of new aGIs has become very important. In this study, some chitinous materials were utilized for aGIs production via microbial conversion. In the first study, we investigated the production of aGIs by the co-culture of Bacillus mycoides TKU040 and Rhizobium sp. TKU041 using shrimp head powder (SHP) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen (C/N). After fermentation in 50 mL of 1% SHP-containing medium (0.1% K2HPO4 and 0.05% MgSO4∙7H2O, pH 9.2) at 37ºC for 4 days, the maximum productivity of aGIs (143 U/mL) was reached. The IC50 of the aGIs produced in the culture supernatant was 3 mg/mL. The α-glucosidase inhibitory (aGI) activity was only 60% after treatment at pH 3 for 30 min; this increased to 140% after treatment at pH 11 for 30 min. The aGI activity remained at 60% after treatment at 60ºC for 30 min. One major active compound was isolated from fermented SHP and confirmed as a carbohydrate by NMR and MALDI-TOF analysis. This isolated inhibitor possessed a low IC50 value of 5μg/mL. In the second study of our investigation, paenibacillus macerans TKU029 was found to produce aGIs by using carb shell powder (CSP) as the sole source of C/N. After fermentation in 150 mL of 2% CSP-containing medium (0.1% K2HPO4 and 0.05% MgSO4∙7H2O, pH 9.2) at 30 ºC for 4 days, the maximum productivity of aGIs (99900 U/mL) was reached. The aGI activity remained at 71% after treatment at 100 ºC for 30 min. The application of several techniques including Diaoin, Silica gel opened columns, coupled with a biological-guided assay resulted in isolating 7 active sub–fractions. NMR was also used for prediction of chemical structure of these active components. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
目錄 頁次 中文摘要.........................................................................................................................I 英文摘要.......................................................................................................................II 目錄..............................................................................................................................III 圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………X 表目錄………………………………………………………………………………XII Part 1 Bacillus mycoides TKU040 與 Rhizobium sp. TKU041共培養以蝦頭殼粉為唯一碳氮源生產α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑.......................................................................1 第一章 緒論..................................................................................................................2 第二章 文獻回顧..........................................................................................................3 2.1糖尿病概述..........................................................................................................3 2.2 α-葡萄糖苷酶 ...........................................................................3 2.3 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑..................................................4 2.4 Bacillus mycoides 之簡介………………………………………………….....10 2.5 Rhizobium sp. 之簡介…………………………………………………….....10 2.6 微生物共培養………………………………………………………………11 2.7 微生物共培養生產葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑……………………...........................13 2.8 微生物發酵水產廢棄物……………………………………………………13 第三章 材料與方法…………………………………………………………………16 3.1菌株………………………………………………………...………………….16 3.2實驗藥品及材料…………………………………………………………….16 3.3實驗儀器………………………………………………………………….…17 3.4 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑生產菌株之篩選……………………………...……..17 3.4.1菌株初步篩選………………………………………………………..…17 3.4.2 菌株純度確認…………………………………………………...……….18 3.5 革蘭氏染色…………………………………………………………………...19 3.6 16SrDNA萃取…………………………………………………………….......19 3.6.1 革蘭氏陽性菌純化步驟………………………………………................19 3.6.2革蘭氏陰性菌……………………………………………………………20 3.7 API(Analytical Profile Index) API 50 CHB…………………..……………….20 3.8對峙測試(antagonism test)…………………………………………………….21 3.9共培養生產α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之作用機制探討.....................................21 3.9.1不同菌量接種測試……………………………………………………..21 3.9.2不同預培養條件測試…………………………………………………..21 3.10 發酵上清液收集方式……………………………………………………….22 3.11磷酸緩衝液(NPB)500mM配置…………………………………………...22 3.11.1 pH3,4,5 buffer製備……………………………………………………...22 3.11.2 pH6,7,8 NPB製備……………………………………………………….22 3.11.3 pH9,10,11 buffer製備…………………………………………………22 3.12 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑抑制活性測試……………………………………23 3.13 培養條件探討…………………………………………………………….…23 3.13.1 不同碳/氮源……………….....................................................................24 3.13.2 不同濃度碳/氮源……………………………………………………….24 3.13.3 培養天數篩選…………………………………………………………24 3.13.4 不同培養溫度探討……………………………………………………24 3.13.5 不同培養體積…………………………………………………………..25 3.13.6 不同pH之培養基………………………………………………………25 3.14蛋白質含量測定…………………………………………………………...25 3.14.1 A280測定………………………………………………………………..25 3.14.2 雙縮脲染色………………………………………………………..........25 3.15總糖含量測定(硫酸法)……………………………..……………….……….26 3.16 蛋白酶活性測試…………………………………………………………….26 3.17 幾丁聚醣酶活性測試……………………………………………………….26 3.18 熱安定性測試…………………………………………………………….…27 3.19酸鹼安定性測試……………………………………………………………27 3.20 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑純化…………………………………………………27 3.20.1硫酸銨沉澱法,粗抑制劑液製備………………………………………27 3.20.2陰離子交換層析………………………………………………………27 3.20.3陽離子交換層析………………………………………………………28 3.20.4疏水性層析……………………………………………………………28 3.20.5膠體過濾層析法………………………………………………………29 3.20.6酒精沉澱………………………………………………………………29 3.21抑制劑動力學………………………………………………………….........29 3.21.1決定最適抑制劑濃度…………………………………………………29 3.21.2酵素抑制動力學……………………………………………………....30 3.21.3 抑制劑種類鑑定……………………………………………………30 3.22抑制劑特異性測試………………………………………………………30 3.22. 不同來源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑抑制效果測試……………………….30 3.22.2有機溶劑耐受性測試……………………………………………….30 第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………...……………….32 4.1 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑生產菌株…………………………………………….32 4.2 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑生產菌株之鑑定………………………………….....32 4.3 較適培養條件探討……………………………………………………...…38 4.3.1 不同碳氮源之影響………………………………………………........38 4.3.2培養體積之影響………………………………………………………40 4.3.3不同濃度碳氮源之影響……………………………………………..…40 4.3.4培養天數篩選…………………………………………………………..42 4.3.5不同培養溫度探討……………………………………………………42 4.3.6不同pH之培養基………………………………………………………44 4.3.7 較適培養條件統整……………………………………………………44 4.4 抑制劑之純化……………………………………………………………...44 4.4.1上清液熱安定性………………………………………………………..44 4.4.2 上清液pH安定性…………………………………………………..…48 4.4.3 透析結果……………………………………………………………....48 4.4.4 硫酸銨沉澱後活性測試……………………………………………....48 4.4.5 抑制劑初步定性結果…………………………………………………48 4.4.6陰離子交換層析………………………………………………………..50 4.4.7陽離子交換層析………………………………………………………..51 4.4.8疏水性層析……………………………………………………………..52 4.4.9膠體過濾層析…………………………………………………………..52 4.4.10層析法純化結果整理………………………………………………..54 4.4.11酒精沉澱……………………………………………………………....56 4.5 抑制劑結構鑑定…………………………………………………………...58 4.5.1 NMR…………………………………………………………………....58 4.5.2 MALDI-TOF-MS……………………………………………………....58 4.5.3抑制劑型態鑑定………………………………………………………..58 4.6 共培養生產α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之作用機制探討………………………64 第五章結論…………………………………………………………………………..65 Part 2 Paenibacillus macerans TKU029 生產α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之研究………….…66 第一章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………..……………..67 1.1 Paenibacillus………………………………………………………………...67 1.2 Paenibacillus macerans……………………………………………………...67 第二章 材料與方法……………………………………….……………………...69 2.1菌株………………………………………………………………………….69 2.2實驗藥品及材料………………………………………………………….…69 2.3實驗儀器…………………………………………………………………….69 2.4 大鼠腸道α-葡萄糖苷酶製備及抑活性測試……………………………70 2.5 培養條件探討……………………………………………………………71 2.5.1 不同碳/氮源…………………………………………………………...71 2.5.2 不同濃度碳/氮源……………………………………………………71 2.5.3 培養天數篩選…………………………………………………………71 2.5.4 不同培養溫度探討……………………………………………………71 2.5.5 不同培養體積………………………………………………………..72 2.5.6 不同pH之培養基……………………………………………………..72 2.6 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑初步特性測試………………………………………..72 2.6.1 發酵上清液收集方式…………………………………………………72 2.6.2 透析……………………………………………………………………72 2.6.3 熱安定性測試…………………………………………………………72 2.7 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑純化………………………………………………..72 第三章 結果與討論………………………………………………………….74 3.1 較適培養條件探討………………………………………………………...74 3.1.1 不同碳/氮源對TKU029生產α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之影響………74 3.1.2 不同濃度碳/氮源……………………………………………………...74 3.1.3 不同培養溫度探討……………………………………………………74 3.1.4 不同培養體積…………………………………………………………....75 3.1.5 不同pH之培養基………………………………………………………..75 3.1.6 較適培養條件統整…………………..…………………………………75 3.2 葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑特性探討…………………………………………...86 3.2.1 分子量確認…………………………………………………………86 3.2.2 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑耐熱測試…………………………………………86 3.3 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑分離純化………………………………………………88 第四章 結論………………………………………………………………………....92 第五章 總結…………………………………………………………………………93 參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………..94 圖目錄 頁次 圖3.1 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性測試流程圖………………………………..……23 圖4.1 TKU040格蘭氏染色圖……………………………………………………….33 圖4.2 TKU041格蘭氏染色圖……………………………………………………….33 圖4.3 TKU040 16SrDNA部分序列……………………………………………....34 圖4.4 TKU041 16SrDNA部分序列……………………………………………….34 圖4.5 TKU040 API 50 CHB比對結果……………………………………………37 圖4.6 TKU040與TKU041之對峙測試………………………………………..…37 圖4.7不同濃度幾丁質添加於培養基中對抑制劑生產之影響…………………...39 圖4.8 蛋白酶與抑制劑生產之關係圖…………………………………………...40 圖4.9 不同培養體積對抑制劑生產之影響………………………………………41 圖4.10 不同SHP濃度對抑制劑生產之影響………………………………………42 圖4.11 培養天數對抑制劑生產之影響……………………………………….…43 圖4.12 不同培養溫度對抑制劑生產之影響…………………………………….43 圖4.13 抑制劑熱安定性(不同溫度)……….……………………………………….47 圖4.14 抑制劑熱安定性(50°C,0-60分鐘)……………………………………...47 圖4.15 上清液以不同pH 緩衝容液處理30分鐘後之抑制活性…………………49 圖4.16 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之 DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B層析圖譜……………51 圖4.17 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之陽離子交換層析圖譜…………………………….52 圖4.18 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之疏水性層析法圖譜……..………………………..53 圖4.19 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之膠體層析法圖譜………………………………….53 圖4.20 雙縮脲染色之顏色變化………………………………………………….54 圖4.21 BSA之標準曲線…………………………………………………………….55 圖4.22 抑制劑純化流程圖……………………………………………………….57 圖4.23 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之1H-NMR光譜………………………………..........59 圖4.23 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之13C-NMR光譜……………………………………60 圖4.24 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之13C-NMR光譜……………………………………61 圖4.25 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之MALDI-TOF-MS圖譜……………………………62 圖4.2 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之雙倒數圖……………………………………….…63 Part 2 圖 3.1不同碳氮源對於TKU029生產α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之影響……………...76 圖3.2 不同CSP濃度對α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑生產之影…………………………77 圖3.3 不同培養溫度對α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑生產之影響……………………...78 圖3.4不同培養體積對α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑生產之影響…………………………80 圖3.5 TKU029於pH4之培養環境中,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑的產量與菌量之關...82 圖 3.6 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之熱安定性(不同溫度)…………..…………….........87 圖 3.7α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之熱安定性(100°C, 30分鐘)……...…………..88 圖 3.8 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之diaion gel 分離純化流程圖…………………...89 圖 3.9 Diaion gel 分離純化後 F1及F2 之高壓液相層析儀圖譜………………..90 圖 3.10 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之silica gel 分離純化流程圖……………………..90 圖 3.11 經silica gel後第40管之α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑1H-NMR………………...91 表目錄 頁次 表2.1 來自植物萃取的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑............................................................7 表2.2 來自於化學合成的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑........................................................8 表2.3 來自微生物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑…………………………………………9 表2.4微生物發酵水產廢棄物相關文獻……………………………………………14 表4.1 TKU040 16SrDNA部分序列比對結果………………………………….35 表4.2 TKU041 16SrDNA部分序列比對結果……………………………………36 表4.3 不同碳氮源對於發酵上清液中抑制劑產量之影響……………………......38 表4.4 培養基於不同pH時抑制劑產量的差異………………………………….45 表4.5 不同微生物發酵生產α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之培養條件比較…………...46 表4.5 上清液透析前後之抑制劑活性分布……………………………………...49 表4.6硫酸銨沉澱後之抑制劑活性分布……………………………………………50 表4.7雙縮脲染色法之蛋白質含量…………………………………………………55 表4.8 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之純化總表……………………………………………56 表4.9 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之純化總表(酒精沉澱後)……………………………56 表4.10 各純化步驟之IC50整理…………………………………………………..57 表 4.11 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑之抑制型態與Km及Vmax值……………………...63 表 4.12 TKU040及TKU041經由預培養增加α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑生產之探討..64 Part 2 表3.1 Paenibacillus macerans 菌株於不同培養溫度所生產生物活性物質之比較……………………………………………………………………………………..79 表3.2 培養基於不同pH時抑制劑產量的差異……………………………….....81 表 3. 3 TKU029生產α-葡萄糖苷酶之較適培養條件……………………………..83 表3.4 Paenibacillus macerans 菌株於不同培養條件所生產生物活性物質之比較…………………………………………………………………………………84 表 3.5 透析後葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑分子量確認………………………………86 |
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