在知識經濟的潮流下，由於知識不易被競爭者所模仿，故成為企業存活之關鍵。台灣企業對於推動知識管理常有不知如何做貣的疑慮，因此本研究欲藉著知識管理相關理論與企業導入知識管理的相關經驗，探討知識管理導入之可行策略。嘗詴透過個案研究了解導入知識管理的前導因素，如文化、策略以及導入中的流程設計、制度，提供導入知識管理的企業一個參考藍圖。
本研究採用Earl學者提出的三大論派及七大學派作為理論基礎，三大論派，包括技術專家論、行為論及經濟論等三大類型。研究結果發現：研究案例以技術專家論和行為論兩類為主，其中又以系統學派為台灣企業偏愛的學派；推動的障礙以最大的問題都是在於「人」，如：員工的抗拒、高階主管的態度；具體成效有:員工效率、縮短產品的開發、利潤增加、解決員工問題。此外，研究發現大部分受訪廠商認為願景與知識管理的連結並沒多大的相關，而一開始尌設定願景目標的公司認為知識管理可以幫助他們邁向國際化的發展。不管是否設定願景，受訪的公司都體認到「知識」的重要，公司詴圖將知識編碼、移轉、外顯分享以確保組織能維持競爭優勢。

Knowledge has become an important core of organizations that is difficult for competitors to imitate. However, companies in Taiwan lack the required knowledge in implementing. This research aims to investigate the appropriate strategies in introducing knowledge management through related theories and practical experience, and to understand the antecedent of knowledge management implementation, such as culture, leadership style, strategy, as well as the process design and system of implementation through case-studies. Providing blueprint for organizations seeking to implement knowledge management.
This research is based on the foundation of Earl(2001)’s three knowledge management school and seven attributes, including technocratic, behavioral and economic. The results of current research show that case study favor technocratic and behavior. Among them, businesses in Taiwan prefer system attribute. Difficulties in implementation revolve around “Human Problems”, such as resistance to change from employees as well as negative attitudes of managerial levels towards change. Significant successes in implementations are increased employee efficiency, shortened product-development cycle, increased in profit, and resolution of employee-related problems. In addition, as pointed out by interviewee enterprises, corporate vision has no direct relation to knowledge management implementation. However, knowledge management is an integral aspect of enterprise sustainability. Enterprises attempt to code, transfer, share and maintain knowledge within the organization in order to retain competitive advantage.

目錄 ................................................................................................................... I
表次 ................................................................................................................. III
圖次 ................................................................................................................. IV
第一章 緒論 ............................................................................................................. 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 .................................................................................. 1
第二節 研究問題與目的 .................................................................................. 4
第三節 研究範圍 ............................................................................................. 5
第二章 文獻探討 ..................................................................................................... 6
第一節 知識管理之定義 .................................................................................. 6
第二節 企業推動知識管理現況 ...................................................................... 9
第三節 知識管理導入之能力 ........................................................................ 11
第四節 知識管理導入之考量因素 ................................................................ 18
第五節 知識管理之策略 ................................................................................ 22
第三章 研究設計與資料分析方法 ........................................................................ 28
第一節 研究流程 ........................................................................................... 28
第二節 研究設計 ........................................................................................... 30
第三節 個案研究之設計流程 ........................................................................ 34
第四節 資料分析法 ....................................................................................... 38
第四章 資料分析 ................................................................................................... 41
第一節 個案介紹 ........................................................................................... 41
第二節 組織推動知識管理之願景與動機 ..................................................... 48
第三節 知識管理策略.................................................................................... 52
第四節 知識管理推動歷程 ............................................................................ 56
第五節 推動知識管理具體成效 .................................................................... 63
第六節 資料分析結果.................................................................................... 65
第五章 結論與建議 ............................................................................................... 68
第一節 結論 ................................................................................................... 68
第二節 研究貢獻 ........................................................................................... 70
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 ................................................................ 72
參考文獻 ................................................................................................................ 73
II
附錄一 訪談信函 ................................................................................................... 80
附錄二 深度訪談整理表(A001) ............................................................................ 82
附錄三 深度訪談整理表(B002) ............................................................................ 85
附錄四 深度訪談整理表(C003) ............................................................................ 89
附錄五 深度訪談整理表(D004) ............................................................................ 92
附錄六 深度訪談整理表(E005) ............................................................................ 96
附錄七 深度訪談整理表(F006) ...........................................................................100
附錄八 深度訪談整理表(G007) ...........................................................................103

表1-1 本研究構面及範圍 ...................................................................................... 5
表2-1 知識管理定義 .............................................................................................. 8
表2-2 知識螺旋：知識轉換的四個形式 ..............................................................16
表2-3 編碼策略與個人策略定義 ..........................................................................22
表2-4 知識管理三論派 .........................................................................................23
表2-5 知識管理策略-技術專家 ............................................................................24
表2-6 知識管理策略-行為論 ................................................................................25
表2-7 知識管理策略-經濟論 ................................................................................26
表3-1 研究規劃表 .................................................................................................33
表3-2訪談計畫表 ..................................................................................................35
表3-3 個案研究步驟準備工作 ..............................................................................36
表4-1 技術專家論派的個案公司 ..........................................................................54
表4-2 行為論派的個案公司 ..................................................................................55

圖2-1: 知識文化促進因子 ....................................................................................14
圖2-2：修正後知識管理價值鏈 ............................................................................20
圖2-3：Earl 知識管理倒入模型 ..........................................................................27
圖3-1: 研究流程 ...................................................................................................29
圖3-2 觀念性架構 ...............................................................................................30
圖3-3: 個案研究步驟 ...........................................................................................31
圖3-4: 個案研究流程 ...........................................................................................34
圖4-1：A公司組織圖 ............................................................................................42
圖4-2: B公司組織圖 ............................................................................................43
圖4-3: C公司組織圖 ............................................................................................43
圖4-4：D公司組織圖 ............................................................................................44
圖4-5：E公司組織圖 ............................................................................................45
圖4-6：F公司組織圖 ............................................................................................46
圖4-7：G公司組織圖 ............................................................................................47
圖4-8：知識管理規劃藍圖(Roadmap) .................................................................67

一、中文部分
尤克強(2001)。知識管理與創新。台北市:天下遠見出版股份有限公司。
尚榮安 譯(2005)。個案研究法(出版二刷)。台北市:弘智文化。(譯自Yin
R.K./Case study Research，1994)。
林佳瑩、徐富珍(2005)。研究方法基礎與技巧。台北:雙頁書廊有限公司
梁定澎、歐陽彥晶、許如欽(2005)。影響台灣企業採用知識管理之因素。資訊
管理學報，12(3)。
陳文賢(1997)。資訊管理的研究主題分析。資訊管理學報，1(4)。74-79
陳盈雁(2006)。中小企業知識管理整合模型之研究。淡江大學企業管理研究所
碩士論文，台北縣。
楊百川、夏侯欣鵬、鄧茗芳(2009)。組織能耐內容成份之初探。管理評論，29(3)。
45-63。
蕭瑞麟(2007)。不用數字的研究(二版一刷)。台北:台灣培生教育。
孫思源、李亦信、趙珮如、吳章瑤(2007)。策略配適理想型態對知識管理績效
之影響。資訊管理學報，14(5)。29-55。
二、英文部分
Al-Alawi.A.I, Al-Marzooqi.N.Y and Mohammed.Y.F.(2007). Organizational
culture and knowledge sharing: critical success factors. Journal of Management Information,11(2),22-42.
Alavi, M. and Leidner, D.E. (2001). Review: knowledge management and knowledge managementsystems: conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly,25(1) , 107-37.
Akhavan.P, Jafari.M and Fathian.M(2005). Exploring failure-factors of implementing knowledge management systems in organizations. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice,6.
Andrew H.G.,Arvind M.and Albert H.Segars(2001). Knowledge management: an organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems,18(1),185-214.
Alex Bennet and David Bennet(2008). The fallacy of knowledge reuse: building sustainable knowledge .The Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(5),22-23.
Arthur Anderson Business Consulting.(1999).Zukai Knowledge Management. Japan: Tokyo Keizai Inc.
Beijerse, R. P. (2000). Knowledge management in small and medium-sized companies: knowledge management for entrepreneurs. The Journal of Knowledge Managemen,4(2),162.
Bhatt,G.D.(2000).Organizing knowledge in the knowledge development cycle. The Journal of Knowledge Management,4(1),15-26.
Bixler,C.(2002). Applying the four pillars of knowledge management.KM World Magazine,11(1).
Chauvel, D.& Despres, C.(2002).Survey research in knowledge management 1997-2001.Journal of Knowledge Management,6(3).
75
Chen Der-Fu(2002). A critical review of creation, diffusion, transfer and application of knowledge and knowledge value chain management for SMEs in Taiwan .E-Soc Journal,25.
Cohen, W. M. & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity:a new perspectiveon learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152.
Davenport T.H.& Prusk ,L.(1998).Working knowledge :how organisations manage what they know. Harvard Business School Press , Boston ,MA.
Debowski,S(2006).Knowledge management.John Wiley & Sons Australia.
Diakoulakis, L.E.,& Georgopoulos, N.B.,& Koulouriotis, D.E.,& Emiris, D.M.(2004).Towards a holistic knowledge management model.Journal of Knowledge Management,8(1),32-46.
Earl,M.(2001). Knowledge management strategies: toward a taxonomy.journal of management information systems,18(1),215-233.
Evers,H.D., Gerke,S., Menkhoff,T.(2010). Knowledge clusters and knowledge hubs: designing epistemic landscapes for development. The Journal of Knowledge Management,14(5),678-679.
Frey, R. S.(2001).Knowledge management， proposal development， and small business. The Journal of Management Development,20(1),38.
Fielden, T.A. (2001), Knowledge management state of mind. Infoworld, 23(6), 47-48.
Firestone,J.M & McElroy,M.W.(2003).Key issues in the new knowledge management. Boston: Butterworth- Heiemann.
Gottschalk .P and Khandelwal. V.K(2003). Determinants of knowledge management technology projects in Australian law firms. The Journal of Knowledge Management,7(4).
76
Greengard, S.(1998).Storing ,shaping and sharing collective wisdom.workforce,77(10),82-88.
Grant, R.M.(1996) .Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration. Organization Science, 7(4), 375-387.
Hansen, M. T. & Nohira, N.,& Tierney, T.(1999).What’s your strategy for managing knowledge? Harvard Business Review,77(2),106-116.
Harrison, D. A. ,Mykytyn ,P.P and Riemenschneider ,D.K.(1997). Executive decisions about adoption of information technology in small business: theory and empirical Tests. Information systems research,43(3),277-280.
Ho.L.A and Liao.F.C(2010).The Development of multi-company communities of practice: an example of a network of chief Knowledge offcers. International journal of Commerce and Strategy,2(3),161-181.
Holsapple, C.W. and Joshi, K.D.(2000).An investigation of factor that information systems .Journal of Strategic Information Systems.,9(2), 235-261.
Holm,M .J.＆Poulfelt,.F(2003). The anatomy of knowledge management in small and medium-sized enterprises. The Anatomy of Knowledge Management in SMEs.
Kathleen M. Eisenhardt (1989).Building theories from case study research， Academy of Management Review,14(4),533.
Klobas,J.(2000).Knowledge management in small enterprises.The Electronic Library,18(8),420-433.
Kogut.B and Zander. U (1992) Knowledge of the firm, combinative
capabilities, and replication of technology. Organization Science ,3
,383–397.
Liyanage,C., Elhag.T., Ballal,T., Li,Q.(2009). Knowledge communication
and translation- a knowledge transfer model. The Journal of Knowledge Management,13(3),118-131.
Liebowitz,J.(1999).Key ingredients to the success of an organization’s knowledge management strategy.Knowledge and Process Mnagement, 6(1), 37-40.
Mahesh.K and Suresh J.K.(2009). Knowledge criteria for organization design. The Journal of Knowledge Managemen,13(4),41-55.
McAdam,R. and Reid,R.(2001). SME and large organization perceptions of knowledge management：comparisons and contrasts. Journal of Knowledge Management,5(3).
Meroño, A.; López, C. y Sabater, R.(2004) knowledge management strategy and instruments alignment: helping SMEs to choose. OKLC,Innsbruck (Austria).
Meso,P.and Smith,R.(2000). A resource-based view of organizational knowledge management systems. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(3), 224-234.
Morey.D.(2001).High-speed knowledge management: integrating operations theory and knowledge management for rapid result. Journal of Knowledge Managemen,5,322-328.
Morten.T,Nohria.H & Tierney.T(1999). What's your strategy for managing knowledge. Harvard Business Review,77(2).
Mostafa ,K.& Allahyari,M.Z.(2010) Defining a knowledge management conceptual model by using MADM. Journal of Knowledge Management,14(6),872-890.
Neuman,W.L.(2000).Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston:Allyn and Bacon.
Nonaka,I.& Takeuchi, H(1995).The knowledge –creating company :How Japanese companiescreate the dynamics of innovation .Oxford University Press.
Nonaka,I. & Toyama,R(2003). The knowledge-creating theory revisited:
knowledge creation as a synthesizing process. Knowledge Management Research & Practice,1,2-10.
Patton,M.(1990).Qualitiative evauation and reserch methods. London: Sage.
Petty.R and Guthrie. J (2000) Intellectual capital review: measurement,
reporting and management. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 1.155–176
Quintas,P.(1997).Knowledge management: a strategic agenda .Long Range Plannig,30(3),385-391.
Ryan, S. D. and Prybutok, V.R.(2001). Factors affecting the adoption of knowledge management technologies: A discriminative approach. The Journal of Computer Information Systems,41(4),31-37.
Saleh. N.M, Hassan. M.S, Jaffar .R and Shukor. Z.A.(2010). Intellectual capital disclosure quality: lessons from selected scandinavian countries. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(4),39.
Salisbury,M.W.(2003).Putting theory into practice to build knowledge management systems. Journal of Knowledge Management,7(2),128.
Sarvary,M(1999). Knowledge management and competition in consulting industry . California Management Review,41(2),95-107.
Strauss, A.(1987).Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge: cambridge university press.
Stuart D., Dattero. R, Richard .C, Hicks(2003) .The enterprise knowledge dictionary.Knowledge Management Research & Practice,1,98-101.
Syed-Ikhsan, S.O.S and Rowland, F.(2004).Knowledge management in a public organization: a study on the relationship between organizational elements and the performance of knowledge transfer.
Journal of Knowledge Management,8(2),95-111.
Weber,R. P. (1990).Basic content analysis. California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Wiig, K.M.(2004).People-Focused knowledge management: how effective decision making leads to corporate success. Elsevier Inc.