歐盟主要是依據過去五十年來所修訂的幾大基礎條約作為治理及指導原則，建立歐洲共同體的三大創始條約為歐洲煤鋼共同體條約、歐洲共同體條約以及原子能共同體條約，乃至於1992年馬斯垂克條約，建立了歐洲聯盟。上述四個重要條約又在不同時期透過其他條約進行修訂：合併條約、歐洲單一法、阿姆斯特丹條約以及在2003年2月1日已正式生效的尼斯條約。然而為了因應2005年歐盟東擴，所帶來的影響與衝擊，歐盟各成員國認為有必要就歐盟制度僵化的問題，提出一套解決辦法。因此，在尼斯條約批審過程中，於2001年召開萊肯高峰會，便就此進行討論，在會議結束後，提出萊肯宣言，最後於2003年召開歐盟制憲大會，根據大會協議制訂歐盟憲法草案。2004年10月29日歐洲聯盟成員國於羅馬簽署歐盟憲法條約，為歐盟整合歷史開創重大的進展。隨著歐盟整合的深化與廣化，經濟方面，從關稅同盟到共同市場，最終發展到單一貨幣的實施，整合階段可說已趨成熟。但在政治上的整合腳步，和經濟方面相比，明顯落後許多，尤其是外交安全方面，由於牽涉到了各國最在乎的國家主權讓渡問題，長久以來，在外交安全方面的議題上，各國之間彼此維持著一種矛盾的共識，在屬於軍事層面的安全防衛政策更被視為閉口不談的禁忌。這種情況隨著冷戰結束，歐盟成立，在期間國際上發生的重大區域安全事件威脅，讓在外交安全議題上維持一貫冷處理的歐盟各國開始思考，政治上進一步深化整合的可能。歐盟憲法條約整合了之前歷次的整合條約，並打破歐盟以往三大支柱架構，在制度上也進行了部份革新，最重要的可算是創立了歐盟外交部長的職位。此外，在決策程序上更進一步擴大了條件多數決的適用範圍，雖然決策上具軍事意涵的議案維持一致決，但是共同安全暨防衛政策仍然設計了彈性化措施來提供歐盟成員國在特定議題或任務上的彈性選擇，阿姆斯特丹條約導入的加強合作條款，在憲法條約中進一步擴大適用範圍，根據特定程序，歐盟少數成員國能組成特定集團國進行特定領域合作，憲法強調任何加強合作應該對所有成員國開放不可有排他性，同時為了顧及其他集團外成員國，憲法也規定該項加強合作部能夠侵害到其他國家的權益，重要的是不能夠依此成為共同體既有程序，上述安排可看出維護各國權益是歐盟的重要精神。2005年5月底及6月初，歐盟憲法批准過程在法國與荷蘭相繼公投否決之後面臨危機，雖然仍有成員國陸續通過憲法條約的批准，但仍有部分國家擱置批准程序，以致歐盟原訂批准日程將無法完成，在法荷公投否決之後歐盟進入反省期 (period of reflection)，尋求挽救歐盟憲法條約的方法。本文就憲法條約制定過程來探討險法條約對共同外交暨安全政策發展帶來的影響，同時對憲法條約批准過程所遭受的挫敗，來評估之後可能的發展情勢。

This thesis examines the influence of the Constitutional Treaty on the evolution of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The analysis here starts from the process establishing the constitutional Treaty. From the institutional aspect, this paper then analyzes the evolution of the institutional architecture under the newly reformed structure, especially in the sphere of CFSP. The third part of this paper concerns the flexibility of political instruments in the CFSP. The fourth part follows with the analysis of executive capacity and failures and successes of CFSP in the past decades. Finally, this thesis puts focus on the process of ratification of Constitutional Treaty and the future of the Constitutional Treaty after the “NO” vote in France and Netherlands. 
The development of the Common Foreign and Security Policy and its forerunner European Political Cooperation (EPC) over the last four decades is of high political and academic relevance. The European Union (EU) is increasingly perceived by third states and international organizations as an important actor in the international system. The policy of enlargement has made the need for institutional reform inescapable where was previously simply pressing. Over the past 20 years the founding treaty of Rome has been revised four times, yet each time the institutional set-up became more, not less complex. Decision-making procedures are too complicated. Policies are often ineffective. This treaty revision can be regarded as an historic milestone, a history making decision at a critical juncture, or as a choice for Europe.
Even if the Constitutional Treaty does not enter into force, it will continue to serve to describe a certain state in the evolution of the EU system, as well as to identify options for shaping the constitutional architecture. As regards to the CFSP, it does, however, make certain that the Union may in the foreseeable future remain a participant in the international scene with a noticeably fragmented profile or – put more positively – with a multifaceted profile.

第一章	緒論                                        1
第一節     研究動機與目的                             1
第二節     研究方法與架構                             3
第三節     研究範圍與限制                             5
第四節     文獻檢閱評述                               7

第二章	歐洲聯盟制憲背景過程與意義                  11
第一節     萊肯高峰會                                11
第二節     歐盟未來大會                              13
第三節     政府間會議                                19
第四節     憲法條約簽署與批准                        20

第三章　　歐洲聯盟組織架構變革與創新                 27
第一節     歐盟高峰會                                28
第二節     部長理事會                                31
第三節     歐盟執委會                                33
第四節     歐洲議會                                  34
第五節     歐盟外交部長的創立                        36

第三章	共同外交暨安全政策的決策機制                43
第一節     共同外交暨安全政策的決策機制設計          44
第二節	共同安全暨防衛政策的彈性化設計              49

第四章	共同外交暨安全政策的發展與限制              59
第一節	共同外交暨安全政策所面臨的困境              60
第二節	共同外交暨安全政策發展趨勢的理論意涵        67
第三節     歐洲聯盟在國際安全體系中的角色定位        72

第五章　　結論                                       81
第一節     研究發現與心得                            81
第二節     後續研究                                  84

參考資料                                             87
圖表目次
表一   制憲大會成員表                                       14
表二   歐盟權限劃分                                         22
表三   歐盟憲法條各成員國約批准進程                         23
表四   部長理事會條件多數決各國票數一覽表                   48

參考文獻
中文期刊專書
吳東野，北約高峰會議召開的意義與影響，「北約高峰會與歐盟發展」學術研討會，民國93年。
沈玄池，歐洲聯盟共同外交暨安全政策體制與運作方式改革之研究，美歐季刊，第十四卷第三期，民國89年秋季號，263-304頁。
沈玄池，2005年5月22日，＜由新制度主義論歐洲聯盟共同外交暨安全政策之建構＞，高雄大學政治法律學系與台灣大學政治學系等合辦，「全球化趨勢下之界、區域與國家建構」學術研討會，(第一場次：全球化對世界建構的衝擊)，台灣大學社會科學院國際會議廳，pp.II-1~50。
張亞中，歐洲統合：政府間主義與超國家主義的互動。台北：揚智文化，民國87年10月。
張洋培，從阿姆斯特丹條約論歐盟的整合原則，美歐季刊，第14卷第2期，民國89年夏季號，137-170頁。
黃偉峰，剖析歐洲聯盟正在成型的治理體系，歐美研究，第33卷第2期 (民國92年6月)，291-344頁。
盧倩儀，區域整合理論之比較與評析，美歐季刊，第12卷第1期，民國86年春季號，27-44頁。
劉書彬，北約高峰會與歐盟安全體系，民國91年11月29日，北約高峰會與歐盟發展學術研討會，政治大學國際關係研究中心。
蘇宏達，以「憲政主權建造」概念解釋歐洲統合之發展，歐美研究，第31卷第4期 ，民國90年12月，629-687頁。
蘇宏達，從制度主義解析歐洲聯盟憲法條約草案，政治科學論叢，第20期，民國93年6月，167-208頁。

外文專書：
Carr, Fergus/ Theresa Callan, Managing Conflict in the New Europe- The Role of International Institutions, New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2002.
Czempiel, Ernst-Otto, Neue Sicherheit in Europa- Eine Kritik an Neorealismus und Realpolitik, Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2002.
Daniel, Goeler, Die neue europaeische Verfassungsdebatte: Entwicklungsstand und Optionen fuer den Konvent, Bonn: Europa Union Verlag, 2002.
Eeckhout, Piet, External relations of the European Union : legal and constitutional foundations, Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2004.
Haeberle, Peter, Europaeische Verfassungslehre in Einzelstudien, Baden Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999. 
Hocking, Brian/ David Spence, Foreign Ministries in the European Union, New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN,2002.
Loth, Wilfried, Entwuerfe einer europaeischen Verfassung- Eine historische Bilanz,Berlin: EUROPA UNION VERLAG, 2002.
Ronge, Frank, In welcher Verfassung ist Europa- Welche Verfassung fuer Europa?, Baden Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2001.
Schwarze, Juergen, The Birth of a European Constitutional Order, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2001.
Wessel, Ramses A., The European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy, Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
Winn, Neil/ Christopher Lord, EU Foreign Policy beyond the Nation-State: Joint Actions and Institutional Analysis of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, New York: PALGRAVE, 2001.


外文期刊：
Agh, Attila “Smaller and Bigger States in the EU25: The Eastern Enlargement and     Decision-Making in the EU”, Perspectives 21/2004.
Altinba Akgul, Deniz “The European Union Response to September 11: Relations with the US and the Failure to Maintain a CFSP”, The review of International Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 4, Summer 2002, pp. 1-24.
Asle, Tole “The 2003 European Security Strategy: A Critical Appraisal”, European　Foreign Affairs Review 10:117-133,2005.
Asmus, Ronald D./ Antony J. Bliken/ Philip H. Gordon “Nothing to Fear”, Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2005, Vol. 84:1, p 174-177.
Baylis,John “The Continuing Relevance of Strategic Studies in the Post-Cold War Era”, Defence Studies, Vol.1, No.2 (Spring 2001), pp.1-14.
Biscop, Sven “Able and Willing? Assessing the EU’s Capacity for Military Action”, European Foreign Affairs Review 9: 509–527, 2004.
Chivvis,Christopher “A liberal history of European integration”, International Affairs 79, 5 (2003), pp. 1065-1069.
Christiansen,Thomas “The role of supranational actors in EU treaty reform”, Journal of European Public Policy, 9:1, Feb 2002, pp.33-53. 
Cimbalo,Jeffrey L. “Saving NATO From Europe”, Foreign Affairs, Nov/Dec 2004, Vol. 83:6, pp.111-120.
Clarke,Michael/ Paul Cornish “The European defence project and the Prague summit”, International Affairs 78, 4 (2002), pp.777-788.
Cornish, Paul/ Geoffrey Edwards “Beyond the EU/NATO dichotomy: the beginnings of a European strategic culture”, International Affairs 77, 3 (2001), pp.587-603.
Croci,Osvaldo “A Closer Look at the Changing Transatlantic Relationship”, European Foreign Affairs Review 8:469-491, 2003.
Croft, Stuart “Guaranteeing Europe’s security? Enlarging NATO again”, International Affairs 78, 1 (2002), pp.97-114.
Croft, Stuart/ Jolyon Howorth/ Terry Terriff/ Mark Webber “NATO’s Triple Challenge”, International Affairs 76, 3 (2000), pp. 495-518.
Dassu, Marta/ Antonio Missiroli “More Europe in Foreign and Security Policy: The Institutional Dimension of CFSP”, The International Spectator 2/2002.
Dellios, Rosita/ Heather Field “China and the European Union: potential beneficiaries of Bush’s global coalition”, Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 83-98, 2002.
Dinan, Desmond “Governance and Institutions: A New Constitution and a New Commission”, Journal of Common Market Studies Vol. 43 Annual Review, 2005, pp.37-54.
Duke, Simon “The institutional Dimension of External Action: Innovation in External Action and the Constitution for Europe”, Eipascope, Mar. 2004.
Duke, Simon “The European Security Strategy in a Comparative Framework: Does it Make for Secure Alliances in a Better World?”, European Foreign Affairs Review 9, 2004: 459-481.
Edmunds, Timothy “NATO and its New Members”, Survival, Vol. 45, No.3, Autumn,2003, pp.145-166.
Everts, Steven/ Daniel Keohane “The European Convention and EU Foreign Policy: Learning from Failure”, Survival, Vol. 45:3, Autumn 2003, pp.167-186.
Forsberg, Tuomas “The EU-Russia Security Partnership: Why the Opportunity was Missed”, European Foreign Affairs Review 9:247-267, 2004.
Gaertner, Heinz “Euroipean Security: The End of Territorial Defense”, The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Winter/Spring 2003, Vol. 4:2.
Govaere, Inge/ Jeroen Capiau/ An Vermeersch “In-Between Seats: The Participation of the European Union in International Organizations”, European Foreign Affairs Review 9:155-187, 2004.
Hain,Peter / Martha Kearney “The International Affairs Interview”, International Affairs 79, 5 (2003), pp.951-961.
Haltern, Ulrich “Pathos and Patina: The Failure and Promise of Constitutionalism in the European Imagination”, European Law Journal, Vol. 9, No.1, Feb 2003, pp.14-44. 
Hastings Dunn, David “European Security and Defence Policy in the American Security Policy Debate: Counterbalancing America or Rebalancing NATO?”, Defence Studies, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 2001), pp.146-155.
H. Gorden, Philip “Europe’s Uncommon Foreign Policy”, International Security, Vol.22, No.3, Winter1997/98, pp.74-100.
Hill, Christopher “What is to be done?Foreign policy as a site for political action”, International Affairs 79, 2 (2003), pp.233-255.
Hoffmann, Stanley “US-European relations: past and future”, International Affairs 79, 5 (2003), pp. 1029-1036.
Holbrooke, Richard “America, A European Power”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.74, No.2, 2001, pp. 38-51.
Howorth, Jolyon “The European Draft Constitutional Treaty and the Future of the European Defence Initiative: A Question of Flexibility”, European Foreign Affairs Review 9, 2004: 483-508.
Hosli, Madeleine O. “The Flexibility of Constitutional Design－Enlargement and the Council of the European Union”, Political Science Series, Institute for Advanced Studies, June 2004.
Hurd, Douglas “Developing the Common Foreign and Security Policy”, International Affairs 70, 3 (1994), pp.421-428.
Inozemtsev, Vladislav “The U.S., EU and Russia in the 21st Century”, International Affairs.
J. K. Shepherd, Alister “The European Union’s Security and Defence Policy: Apolicy without Substance?”, European Security, Vol. 12, No. 1, Spring 2003, pp. 39-63.
Jopp, Mathias “European Defence Policy: The Debate on the Institutional Aspects”, IEPDOK11/b, June/July 1999.
Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias “Explaining Government Preferences for Institutional Chang in EU Foreign and Security Policy”, International Organization 58, Winter 2004, pp.137-174. 
Kurpas, Sebastian “What could be saved from the European Constitution if Ratification fails? The Problems with a ‘Plan B’”, CEPS Policy Brief, No.70, May 2005. 
Kyaw, Dietrich “The EU after the Agreement on a Constitutional Treaty, European Foreign Affairs Review 9, 2004: 455-458.
Magnette, P. and Nicolaidis, K.”The European Convention: Bargaining in the Shadow of Rhetoric”. West European Politics, Vol. 27(2004), No. 3, pp. 381–404.
Marta Dassu, Antonio Missiroli “More Europe in Foreign and Security Policy: The Institutional Dimension of CFSP“, The International Spectator, Feb. 2002.
M. Cutler, Robert/ Lingen Alexander “The European Parliament and European Union Security and Defence Policy”, European Security, Vol.12, No.2, Summer 2003, pp.1-20.
Meiers, Franz-Josef “Germany’s Defence Choice“, Survival, Vol.47, No.1, Spring 2005, pp.153-166.
Menon,Anand “Britain and the Convention on the Future of Europe”, International Affairs 79, 5 (2003), pp.963-978.
Meyer, Steven E. “Carcass of Dead Policies: The Irrelevance of NATO”, Parameters, Winter 2003-04, pp.83-97.
Missiroli,Antonio “EU Enlargement and CFSP/ESDP”, European Integration 2003, Vol. 25, pp.1-16.
Missiroli , Antonio “CFSP, defence and flexibility”, Chaillot Paper 38, Paris, Institute for Security Studies Western European Union, February 2000.
Missiroli, Antonio “The European Union: Just a Regional Peacekeeper? ”, European Foreign Affairs Review 8: 493-503.
Missiroli, Antonio “European Security Policy: the challenge of coherence,” European Foreign Affairs Review, 6, 2001: 177-196.
Mueller-Brandeck-Bocquet,Gisela “ The New CFSP and ESDP Decision-Making System of the European Union“, European Foreign Affairs Review, Vol.7, 2002, pp.257-282.
Musu, Costanza “European Foreign Policy: A Collective Policy or a Policy of ‘Converging Parallels’?”, European Foreign Affairs Review 8:35-49, 2003.
Nelson, Daniel N.“Beyond Defence Planning”, Defence Studies, Vol.1, No.3 (Autumn 2001), pp.25-36.
Neuwahl, Nanette “The Atlantic Alliance: For Better or for Wars…”, European Foreign Affairs Review 8: 427-434, 2003.
Palacio, Ana “The European Common Foreign and Security Policy: Projecting Our Shared Values”, The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Vpl. IX, Issue 2, Winter/Spring 2003.
Paul Craig, Roberts “Restrict Immigration, Not Civil Libertie”, Human Events, 10/22/2001, Vol. 57, Issue 39, p13.
Philip H., Gordon “Europe’s Uncommon Foreign Policy”, International Security, Vol. 22, No. 3, Winter 1997/98, pp. 74-100.
Regelsberger, Elfriede and Wolfgang Wessels (forthcoming) “The evolution of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. A case of an imperfect ratchet fusion” in A. Verdun and O. Croci (eds.), Institutional and Policy-Making Challenges to the European Union in the Wake of Enlargement, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Reh, Christine/ Wolfgang Wessels “Towards an Innovative Mode of Treaty Reform? Three Sets of Expectations for the Convention”,Collegium, No.24, Summer 2002.
Richard Baldwin, Mika Widgren “Decision-Making And the Constitutional Treaty: Will The IGC Discard Giscard? ”, CEPS Policy Brief No.37, Aug. 2003.
Rontoyanni, Clelia “So far, so good?Russia and the ESDP”, International Affairs 78, 4 (2002), pp.813-830.
Samkharadze, Nikoloz “The European Security and Defence Policy and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation- Partnership or Rivalry?”ESH Working Paper No.5, 2004.
Sangiovanni, Mette Eilstrup,“Why a Common Security and Defence Policy is Bad for Europe”, Survival Vol.45, No. 3, Autumn 2003, pp. 193-206.
Shackleton, Michael/ Tapio Raunio “Codecision since Amsterdam: a laboratory for institutional innovation and change”, Journal of European Public Policy 10:2, April 2003, pp.171-187.
Smith E., Karen “The European Union: A Distinctive Actor in International Relation”, The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Vol. IX, Issue 2, Winter/Spring 2003.
Smith,Julie “The future of the European Union and the transatlantic relationship”, International Affairs 79, 5 (2003), pp.943-949.
Stig Moller, Per “European Foreign Policy in the Making”, The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Winter/Spring 2003, Vol. 4:2.
Sverdrup, Ulf “An Institutional perspective on treaty reform: contextualizing the Amsterdam and Nice Treaties”, Journal of European Public Policy 9:1, Feb: 120-140.
Treacher, Adrian “From Civilian Power to Military Actor: The EU’s Resistable Transformation”, European Foreign Affairs Review 9: 49-66. 
Wallace, William “Europe, the Necessary Partner”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 80, No.3, May/June 2001.
Wallace, William “From the Atlantic to the Bug, from the Arctic to Tigris?The transformation of the EU and NATO”, International Affairs 76, 3 (2000), pp.475-493.
Wessels, Wolfgang “Comitology: fusion in action. Politico-administrative trends in the EU system”. Journal of European Public Policy, 5:2, June 1998, pp. 209-34.
Wessels, Wolfgang “An Ever Closer Fusion? A Dynamic Macropolitical View on Integration Processes”. Journal of Common Market Studies 35 (2),1997, pp. 267-299.
Wessels, Wolfgang “Keynote Article: The Constitutional Treaty Three Readings from a Fusion Perspective”. Journal of Common Market Studies 43 (s1),2005, pp.11-36.
Wessels, Wolfgang “Der Verfassungvertrag im Integrationstrend: Eine Zusammenschau zentraler Ergebnisse“ in: integration 4/2003, iep Berlin.
Winn, Neil “CFSP, ESDP, and the Future of European Security: Whither NATO?”, The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Winter/Spring 2003, Vol. 4:2.
Yost, David S. “Transatlantic relations and peace in Europe”, International Affairs 78, 2 (2002), pp.277-300

官方文件
European Council, The Laeken Declaration on the Future of the European Union, Annex 1 to the Presidency Conclusions of the European Council Meeting in Laeken, 14-15 December 2001, Brussels, No. SN 300/1/01 REV 1, 19-27.
European Convention 2003: “Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe”CONV850/03.
European Council: Declaration 23 on the future of the Union, adopted by theEuropean Council in December 2000 and annexed to the Treaty of Nice, http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/unit/charte/en/declarations- nice.html.　
Presidency Conclusions 2003: Brussels European Council 12 December 2003. http://ue.eu.int/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/78364.pdf 
Draft Treaty for the Establishment of a European Political Union (Fouchet Plans I/II), in: Hill, Christopher/Smith, K.E (eds.) (2000): European Foreign Policy: Key Documents. Routledge, pp. 47-62.
European Commission: Communication from the European Commission. A Project for the European Union, 22 May 2002.
European Commission: Communication from the European Commission. A Constitution for the Union. Opinion of the Commission, pursuant to Article 48 of the Treaty on European Union, on the Conference of representatives of the Member States’ governments convened to revise the Treaties; COM (2003) 548 final, http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/com/pdf/2003/com2003_0548en01.pdf