系統識別號 | U0002-1502201714571000 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2017.00484 |
論文名稱(中文) | 具群組偵測之有效率的群組股票組合最佳化演算法 |
論文名稱(英文) | Efficient Group Stock Portfolio Optimization Algorithms with Natural Group Detection |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 資訊工程學系全英語碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Master's Program, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering (English-taught program) |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 105 |
學期 | 1 |
出版年 | 106 |
研究生(中文) | 喬納森 |
研究生(英文) | Jonathan Coupe |
學號 | 603780106 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 英文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2017-01-12 |
論文頁數 | 109頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
陳俊豪
委員 - 陳朝鈞 委員 - 洪智傑 |
關鍵字(中) |
分群效度指標 多樣群組股票投資組合 群組遺傳演算法 分組問題 組合最佳化 |
關鍵字(英) |
Cluster validation indices diverse group stock portfolio grouping genetic algorithm grouping problem portfolio optimization |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
由於金融市場的多變性,投資組合最佳化至今仍是相當吸引人的研究主題。過去幾十年間,許多不同的演化式演算法針對不同的投資組合亦不斷的被提出,其中一種就是多樣群組投資組合。然而,本研究發現現存的多樣群組投資組合最佳化技術仍有三個問題待解決,分別是:如何設定合適的群組數、演化過程耗時、投資組合風險差異過高。故為解決這些問題,本論文使用群組遺傳演算法提出兩個多樣群組股票投資組合最佳化方法。 第一個方法主要用於解決前兩個問題。針對設定合適的群組數問題,所提的方法首先透過股東權益報酬率(ROE)與本益比(P/E)兩屬性將股票分群後,之後設計分群效度因子(cluster validation factor)並將之當成適合度函數的一部份,使演算法可以自動搜尋較佳之分群結果。為解決演化過程耗時問題,在方法一則設計暫存染色體(Temporary chromosome)透過降低需要評估的組合數使演化過程得以加速。 第二個方法則著手解決投資組合風險差異過高問題。首先,方法中設計風險比例因子(Risk ratio factor)計算多樣群組股票投資組合可產生之最大組合風險。接著,所提的演算法結合自我調適之交配(Adaptive crossover)、突變(Adaptive mutation)運算與排序為基礎之輪盤選擇法(Rank-based roulette wheel selection)以達更好的搜尋能力。 最後,實驗透過31與50家公司之真實股市資料驗證所提方法的效率與效能確實優於現存的最佳化技術。與現存方法比較顯示,方法一不但在獲利上可達到相似結果,在執行時間上亦可減少約原來的百分之八十五。而方法二所找出之多樣群組投資組合其風險上也有明顯降低。 |
英文摘要 |
Due to the variety of financial markets, stock portfolio optimization is an attractive research topic. In the past decades, many evolutionary-based algorithms have been proposed to optimize different types of stock portfolios, and one of them is named diverse group stock portfolio (DGSP). However, this study found that three problems remain to be solving in the existing DGSP approaches. They are how to set an appropriate group size, evolution process is time-consuming, and difference between risks of portfolios is too high. To solve these problems, two approaches by grouping genetic algorithms (GGA) are proposed for optimizing DGSPs in this thesis. The first approach is used to deal with the first two problems. For setting an appropriate group size, the two attributes, Return on Equity (RoE) and Price Earnings Ratio (P/E), are utilized to group stocks. Then, cluster validation factor, which is used as a part of fitness function, is designed to derive better stock groups. To solve time-consuming problem, a temporary chromosome is designed to reduce number of stock portfolios should be evaluated to speed up the evolution process. The second approach is then proposed to handle the third problem. It first designs risk ratio factor to calculate the maximum risk of a given DGSP. Then, by combining adaptive crossover, adaptive mutation, and rank-based roulette wheel selection, the second approach has higher searching ability to find better solution. At last, experimental results on the two real datasets that contain 31 and 50 stocks were made to verify the two proposed approaches are effective and efficient. Comparing with the existing approach, the results show that the first approach can not only reach similar return but also reduce execution time up to 85%. The risk of optimized DGSP by second approach is significantly lower than that by the existing approaches. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Problem Definition and Motivation 1 1.2 Contributions 4 1.3 Reader’s Guide 6 CHAPTER 2 RELATED WORK 7 2.1 The M-V model 7 2.2 Metaheuristics for portfolio optimization 8 2.3 Metaheuristics for Clustering 10 2.4 Cluster Validation Indices 11 CHAPTER 3 DIVERSE GROUP STOCK PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION APPROACH WITHOUT SETTING A GROUP NUMBER 14 3.1 Motivation 14 3.2 Components of Proposed Approach 16 3.2.1 Clustering Attributes 16 3.2.2 Encoding Scheme 17 3.2.3 Temporary Chromosome 19 3.2.4 Initial Population 22 3.2.5 Fitness Evaluation 23 3.2.6 Genetic Operations 25 3.3 Algorithm for First Approach 27 3.4 An Example 30 CHAPTER 4 A ENHANCED ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZING DIVERSE GROUP STOCK PORTFOLIO 42 4.1 Motivation 42 4.2 Elements of the proposed algorithm 44 4.2.1 Encoding Scheme 45 4.2.2 Initial Population 47 4.2.3 Fitness Evaluation 47 4.2.4 Genetic Operations 53 4.3 Algorithm for Second Approach 59 4.4 An Example 62 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 76 5.1 Experimental Results for Approach (I) 76 5.1.1 Experimental Datasets 76 5.1.2 Effectiveness of The Proposed Approach 79 5.1.2.1 Experimental Results for Different Desired Stock 80 5.1.2.2 Analysis of the Derived GSP 85 5.1.3 Efficiency of Proposed Approach 88 5.2 Experimental Results for Approach (II) 90 5.2.1 Experimental Datasets 91 5.2.2 Effectiveness Of The Proposed Approach 91 5.2.3 Efficiency of Proposed Approach 100 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS 103 REFERENCES 106 List of Figures Figure 1. Encoding scheme of chromosome Cq 17 Figure 2. An example of the encoding scheme with three parts. 18 Figure 3. An example of a chromosome with four parts 19 Figure 4. An example of a chromosome from the previous approach 20 Figure 5. An example of a chromosome with relevant information 20 Figure 6. An example of a temporary chromosome 22 Figure 7. Encoding scheme of chromosome Cq. 45 Figure 8. An example of the encoding scheme. 46 Figure 9. The pie chart of the five chromosome in Table 10 58 Figure 10. The stock price series for 31 companies from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2014 77 Figure 11. The stock price series for 50 companies from the beginning of 2012 to the end of 2014 78 Figure 12. The average fitness over 100 generations using elitist selection 80 Figure 13. The average fitness of the second approach with rank-based roulette wheel selection over 10 runs 92 Figure 14. The average risk of both approaches for 200 generations 96 List of Tables Table 1. The relationship between group size and number of combinations. 21 Table 2. The 10 stocks used in the example 31 Table 3. The portfolio satisfaction for each chromosome 35 Table 4. The group balance for each chromosome 35 Table 5. The dissimilarity matrix for the proposed approach 35 Table 6. The diversity values for each chromosome 36 Table 7. The Davies-Bouldin Index for every chromosome 37 Table 8. The fitness for each chromosome 38 Table 9. Two generated DGSPs with similar ROI but different risk values 43 Table 10. Survival probabilities of five chromosomes 58 Table 11. The 10 stocks used in the example 62 Table 12. The portfolio satisfaction for each chromosome 66 Table 13. The group balance for each chromosome 66 Table 14. The dissimilarity matrix for the proposed approach 67 Table 15. The diversity values for each chromosome 67 Table 16. The values of Davies-Bouldin index for every chromosome 69 Table 17. The fitness for each chromosome 70 Table 18. The total fitness values for all the chromosomes 70 Table 19. The fitness f'(Cq) for all chromosomes after conversion for rank-based selection 71 Table 20. The probabilities of selection based on ranking 71 Table 21. The parameter settings for 31 and 50 company data sets 79 Table 22. The experimental results for the Davis-Bouldin Index approach on 31 stocks 80 Table 23. The experimental results for the C Index approach on 31 stocks 81 Table 24. The experimental results for the Dunn Index approach on 31 stocks 81 Table 25. The experimental results for the Silhouette approach on 31 stocks 82 Table 26. Approach using Davis-Bouldin Index with 50 stocks 84 Table 27. Approach using Silhouette index with 50 stocks 84 Table 28. Approach using Dunn index with 50 stocks 84 Table 29. Approach using C index with 50 stocks 85 Table 30. The initial and derived GSP for 31 stocks 86 Table 31. The initial and derived DGSP for 50 stocks 87 Table 32. The efficiency of previous and proposed approach 1 for 31 stocks 89 Table 33. The efficiency of Approach 1 using 50 stocks 90 Table 34. The experimental results for approach 2 using 31 stocks 93 Table 35. The experimental results for approach 2 using 50 companies 93 Table 36. The risk for 10 runs using the original approach 94 Table 37. The risk for approach 2 using 31 stocks 95 Table 38. The risk for the original approach using 50 stocks dataset 96 Table 39. The risk for proposed approach 2 using 50 stocks 97 Table 40. The initial and derived DGSP for 31 companies 98 Table 41. The initial and derived DGSP for approach 2 using 50 stocks 99 Table 42. The efficiency of approach 2 using 31 stocks 101 Table 43. The efficiency of approach 2 using 50 stocks 102 |
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