系統識別號 | U0002-1501202014341600 |
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DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2020.00412 |
論文名稱(中文) | 以「社會價值創造」為考量之短距運輸服務系統效益評估研究:以公共自行車系統為例 |
論文名稱(英文) | A Social Value Oriented Evaluation Model for Assessing the Benefit of Micro-mobility Transportation Service System : Using Public Bike System as Case Study |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 運輸管理學系運輸科學碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Transportation Management |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 108 |
學期 | 1 |
出版年 | 109 |
研究生(中文) | 簡安耘 |
研究生(英文) | An-Yun Jean |
學號 | 606660032 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2019-12-25 |
論文頁數 | 165頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
許超澤
委員 - 王中允 委員 - 劉建浩 委員 - 許超澤 |
關鍵字(中) |
短距運輸服務系統 社會價值 效益評估 修正式社會投資報酬 |
關鍵字(英) |
Micro-mobility Transportation Service System Social Value Benefit Assessing Modified Social Return on Investment |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
隨著全球永續思潮的興起,各國政府導入短距運輸服務系統以完善整體公共運輸路網。由於政府財政預算有限,全球各大城市的短距運輸服務系統大多是公辦民營或私人企業,但私部門的營利理念與公部門期望的目標不同,容易對社會帶來非預期影響,因此評估導入短距運輸服務系統對社會帶來的影響效益已成為重要的研究課題。傳統評估的方法為成本效益分析,只注重財務層面的衡量,因而許多研究採用社會成本效益分析,進行財務、社會與環境層面的評估,但此研究方法是以單一價值作為考量,難以落實真正的社會價值評估,為此本研究運用社會投資報酬,以利益相關者為考量進行標準化評估。然而傳統社會投資報酬的部分程序過於主觀,且忽略成果的重要程度並非相等,故而本研究提出結合修正式德爾菲法與最佳最差法的修正式社會投資報酬,提升傳統社會投資報酬的政策評估功能,並以公共自行車系統的有樁式自行車(YouBike)與無樁式自行車(oBike)為研究對象。 修正式社會投資報酬運用修正式德爾菲法,快速收斂所有成果,有效評選出導入公共自行車系統所帶來的重要成果,並利用最佳最差法,以較少的成對比較數,得到高一致性的重要成果權重,接著導入修正式德爾菲法,得到客觀評定的影響因子百分比。本研究利用修正式社會投資報酬的標準化流程,期望能有效提高成本所帶來的效益,並探討產業界、學術界與公部門重視的導入公共自行車系統產生之社會影響差異與原因。 研究結果顯示,為了提升公共自行車系統的影響效益,須要公私部門共同投入,建立短、中及長期的整合計畫。短期策略主要是解決有樁式與無樁式自行車系統的發展限制,降低站點設置成本與實施停車管制。中期策略著重產業界、學術界與公部門皆期望的目標,透過公部門持續推動自行車車道建置,私部門升級公共自行車系統,以及公私部門通盤考量站點配置,能加強整體運輸路網的連結性,有效連接第一哩路/最後一哩路。長期策略方向是以產業界、學術界與公部門之不同面向的目標為主,重新考量現有的道路空間配置,配合限制汽機車使用者政策與安全騎乘教育,提供人本化的運輸環境。 |
英文摘要 |
As the rise of global sustainable trend, the governments import Micro-Mobility to improve the overall public transportation network. Due to limited government budget, most of the Micro-Mobility in major cities around the world are public-to- private or individual enterprises. However, the profit concept of private sector is different from what public sector expects, it may bring unintended effects on society easily. Therefore, it has become an important research topic to evaluate the impact and benefit of the import of Micro-Mobility on society. The traditional method of evaluation is Cost-Benefit Analysis, focusing only on financial assessments. Therefore, many studies use Social Cost-Benefit Analysis to conduct financial, social, and environmental assessments. However, this research method is based on a single value and it is difficult to implement a true social value assessment. For the purpose, this research uses Social Return on Investment to be consideration standardized evaluation based on the view of stakeholders. Because of part of steps of traditional Social Return on Investment are too subject and ignoring the important level of outcomes is not equal. Therefore, this research proposes Modified Social Return on Investment that combined Modified Delphi Method and Best Worst Method. It can promote policy evaluation function of traditional Social Return on Investment. This research is taking Public Bike System of Public Bike Sharing (YouBike) and Free-Floating Bike Sharing (oBike) as study objects. Modified Social Return on Investment import Modified Delphi Method, it can quickly converge all outcomes and effectively select important outcomes brought by import of the Public Bike System. Then, this research uses the best worst method with fewer pairwise comparisons to get highly consistency important results weights. Next, this research imported the modified Delphi method to get the objectively evaluated impact factor percentage. This study used a standardized process for Modified Social Return on Investment, hoping costs that can effectively increase benefits, and also discussing the differences and reasons for the social impact of the introduction of the public bicycle system that industry, academia and the public sector attach importance to. Research shows that in order to improve the impact benefits of Public Bike System. It is necessary to combine the public and private sectors to establish a short, medium and long-term integration plan. The short-term strategy is mainly to solve the development restrictions of Public Bike Sharing and Free-Floating Bike Sharing. Reduces the cost of station setting and implements parking control. Then, the medium-term strategy focuses on the goals that are all expected by industry, academia and the public sector. Continuously promoting the construction of bicycle lanes through the public sector, and private sector upgrade of public bicycle system, and public and private sector consider location of station deployment. It can connect the first mile/the last mile to strengthen the close connection with the overall public transport network. The long-term target mainly based on different goals of industry, academia and the public sector, re-examine the existing road space deployment, cooperate with the policy of restricting users of motorcycles and automobiles and education on safe riding, provide humanized transportation environment. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
目錄 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究模型 3 1.4 研究貢獻 6 1.5 研究範圍 6 1.6 研究流程 7 第二章 文獻回顧 8 2.1 短距運輸服務 8 2.2 公共自行車系統發展 8 2.2.1 有樁式自行車系統發展 9 2.2.2 無樁式自行車系統發展 11 2.3 國內公共自行車系統發展 12 2.3.1 國內公共自行車系統比較 13 2.3.2 小結 20 2.4 公共自行車系統相關研究 21 2.4.1 公共自行車系統研究領域 21 2.4.2 公共自行車系統社會影響 24 2.5 社會價值創造 28 2.6 社會成本效益分析 28 2.7 社會投資報酬 29 2.7.1 社會投資報酬之局限性 32 2.7.2 社會投資報酬之應用 32 2.8 修正式德爾菲法 34 2.8.1 修正式德爾菲法之應用 36 2.9 最佳最差法 37 2.9.1 最佳最差法之應用 37 2.10 小結 39 第三章 研究方法 40 3.1 研究架構 40 3.2 問卷設計與對象 42 3.3 公共自行車社會影響構面與準則確立 43 3.4 研究方法 45 3.4.1 社會投資報酬 45 3.4.2 修正式德爾菲法 50 3.4.3 最佳最差法 52 3.5 小結 54 第四章 實證分析 55 4.1 多評準決策分析 55 4.1.1 修正式德爾菲法 55 4.1.2 最佳最差法 60 4.1.3 敏感度分析 70 4.2 社會投資報酬分析 72 4.2.1 定義範圍 72 4.2.2 描繪成果 74 4.2.3 成果定價 76 4.2.4 確定影響範圍 88 4.2.5 計算社會投資報酬率 90 4.3 觀點分析 101 4.3.1 學術界觀點 101 4.3.2 產業界觀點 107 4.3.3 公部門觀點 112 4.4 小結 119 第五章 結論 122 5.1 研究摘述 122 5.2 討論 123 5.3 研究限制與建議 127 參考文獻 129 圖目錄 圖 1.1研究流程架構圖 7 圖 2.1德爾菲法研究流程圖 34 圖 3.1研究架構圖 41 圖 3.2導入公共自行車系統帶來的社會影響評估構面與準則 44 圖 3.3社會投資報酬六大階段 46 圖 3.4修正式德爾菲法研究流程圖 50 圖 4.1「提升可達性」對SROI數值變動結果 71 表目錄 表 2.1公共自行車系統的世代發展 9 表 2.2 YouBike與oBike的營運層面比較 14 表 2.3 YouBik與oBike的設施層面比較 15 表 2.4 YouBik與oBike的使用層面比較 17 表 2.5 YouBik與oBike的影響層面比較 19 表 2.6導入公共自行車系統產生的社會影響相關文獻 24 表 2.7 SROI與CBA比較表 31 表 3.1社會投資報酬的七大基本原則 45 表 3.2一致性指數(CI)表格 54 表 4.1未刪減之導入公共自行車系統產生的社會影響評估構面與準則 56 表 4.2修正式德爾菲法的評估準則篩選結果 58 表 4.3導入公共自行車系統產生的社會影響評估構面與準則 59 表 4.4評估構面的最佳準則與最差準則 60 表 4.5交通層面的最佳準則與最差準則 60 表 4.6財務層面的最佳準則與最差準則 61 表 4.7經濟層面的最佳準則與最差準則 61 表 4.8環境層面的最佳準則與最差準則 61 表 4.9評估構面的BO向量 62 表 4.10交通層面的BO向量 63 表 4.11財務層面的BO向量 64 表 4.12經濟層面的BO向量 65 表 4.13環境層面的BO向量 66 表 4.14評估構面的OW向量 67 表 4.15交通層面的OW向量 67 表 4.16財務層面的OW向量 67 表 4.17經濟層面的OW向量 68 表 4.18環境層面的OW向量 68 表 4.19評估準則的權重 69 表 4.20「提升可達性」權重變動結果 71 表 4.21 YouBike利益相關人 72 表 4.22 oBike利益相關人 73 表 4.23 YouBike的固定資產 74 表 4.24 YouBike成本 74 表 4.25 自行車相關數據 77 表 4.26 YouBike成果定價表 78 表 4.27 oBike成果定價表 84 表 4.28 YouBike與oBike影響因子百分比 89 表 4.29 YouBike的社會投資報酬率 91 表 4.30 oBike的社會投資報酬率 93 表 4.31 YouBike的修正式社會投資報酬率 97 表 4.32 oBike的修正式社會投資報酬率 99 表 4.33學術界觀點之YouBike的修正式社會投資報酬率 103 表 4.34學術界觀點之oBike的修正式社會投資報酬率 105 表 4.35產業界觀點之YouBike的修正式社會投資報酬率 108 表 4.36產業界觀點之oBike的修正式社會投資報酬率 110 表 4.37公部門觀點之YouBike的修正式社會投資報酬率 113 表 4.38公部門觀點之oBike的修正式社會投資報酬率 115 表 4.39不同觀點的權重與SROI比較 117 附錄 附錄一 修正式德爾菲問卷 140 附錄二 最佳最差法問卷 145 附錄三 敏感度分析 155 |
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