本論文中參考真實存在的室內環境做為模擬對象，並在環境中增加放大後轉發(Amplify-and-Forward)的中繼器，使用選擇式(Selection)、等增益式合成(Equal gain combining，EGC )及最大比例合成式(Maximum ratio combinig，MRC )三種不同的輸出方式。利用射線彈跳追蹤法(Ray-Tracing Model)模擬，考慮路徑中多種反射、繞射、透射等多路徑效應(Multi-path Effect)，計算中繼器路徑及直接路徑的頻率響應(Frequency Response)。在參考環境中，如果只在環境的中心設置一個傳送天線，環境的通訊品質會因障礙物、環境大小及系統功率限制，使得環境的通訊品質下降，故藉由放及大轉發的中繼器，放置於對稱且等分環境的位置，明顯的提升訊號傳輸的距離及降低障礙物的影響，進而有效的提升通道容量及降低失效率，然而仍有部分失效點的存在，故利用粒子群演算法(Particle swarm optimization，PSO)搜尋中繼天線及傳輸天線的最佳位置，並討論了以選擇式、等增益式及最大比例合成式的輸出方式，從結果中可以明顯的看出傳送天線位置配合中繼天線位置做最佳化，避免了更多障礙物的影響，進而提升環境的平均通道容量及降低失效率，並分析了三種不同輸出方式的失效率及環境通道容量，進而可以提供佈置中繼器之參考依據。

In this thesis, we use particle swarm optimization(PSO) to search relay location and transmitter location for reducing outage probability in indoor environment. Amplify-and-forward(AF) relay is chosen to improve the performance of environment. The outputs of Selection(SE)/Equal gain combining(EGC)/Maximum ratio combining(MRC) are investigated. We use the shooting and bouncing ray/image (SBR/Image) method to compute frequency response, which is used to compute capacity. First, we deploy relay and transmitter at equipartition area. It is found there are some outage receiving points. Thus, the PSO are employed to optimize the position of relay and transmitter for reducing the outage probability. Numerical results show that the outage probability by PSO for relay and transmitter location is reduced a lot.

目錄
第一章 概論..............................................P.1
第二章 系統理論..........................................P.7
2.1 中繼器...............................................P.5
2.2 單輸入單輸出窄頻系統.................................P.9
2.3窄頻系統通道容量.....................................P.10
2.4選擇式...............................................P.11
2.5等增益合成式.........................................P.14
2.6最大比例合成式.......................................P.16
第三章 超寬頻通道計算模型...............................P.19
3.1無線電波傳播通道分析.................................P.19
3.2通道計算模型分析.....................................P.21
3.2.1利用射線彈跳追蹤法程式計算頻率響應.................P.22
3.2.2利用射線彈跳追蹤法程式流程分析.....................P.24
第四章 演算法...........................................P.28
4.1 粒子群演算法之基本概念..............................P.28
4.2改良式粒子群聚最佳化法...............................P.34
第五章 數值結果.........................................P.36
5.1環境建構.............................................P.36
5.2參數設定及無搜尋結果分析.............................P.38
5.3選擇式數值搜尋結果...................................P.45
5.4等增益合成式搜尋結果.................................P.47
5.5最大比例合成式搜尋結果...............................P.50
5.6不同輸出方式比較及分析...............................P.52
第六章 結論.............................................P.55
參考文獻................................................P.56
圖目錄
圖2-1中繼器通道示意圖....................................P.7
圖2-2 系統通道及合成器示意圖.............................P.8
圖3-2 SBR/Image 程式流程圖..............................P.27
圖4-1粒子群聚法流程圖...................................P.29
圖4-2粒子群聚法中於二維目標函數等位線圖.................P.30
圖4-3二維問題中，三種不同邊界條件示意圖.................P.33
圖5-1室內環境俯視圖.....................................P.37
圖5-2室內環境放入140個接收點之俯視圖....................P.37
圖5-3無演算法搜尋的環境平均通道容量.....................P.42
圖5-4環境失效點分佈圖(EGC)..............................P.44
圖5-5 SE輸出下不同Seed之搜尋過程........................P.46
圖5-6 SE輸出下不同Seed搜尋結果之天線分佈圖..............P.46
圖5-7 EGC輸出下不同Seed之搜尋過程.......................P.49
圖5-8 EGC輸出下不同Seed搜尋結果之天線及失效點分佈圖.....P.49
圖5-9 MRC輸出下不同Seed之搜尋過程.......................P.51
圖5-10MRC輸出下不同Seed搜尋結果之天線分佈圖.............P.51
圖5-11環境平均通道容量比較..............................P.53
表目錄
表5-1粒子群演算法設定參數...............................P.39
表5-2無演算法測試參數...................................P.40
表5-3無演算法搜尋的失效率及失效點數.....................P.43
表5-4不同情況之比較表...................................P.54

[1] R. Madan, N. B. Mehta, A. F. Molisch and J. Zhang, ”Energyefficientcooperative relaying over fading channels with simplerelay selection,” Mitsubishi Electric Reserach laboratories TechniqueReport: TR2006-075, Nov 2006.
[2] Federal Communications commission, “Revision of part 15 of thecommission’s rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems”, FIRST PEPORT AND ORDER, “ ET Docket 98-153, FCC 02-48,February 14, 2002, pp. 1-118.
[3] Yasuda, K. and Iwasaki, N., “Adaptive particle swarm optimizationusing velocity information of swarm,” IEEE International Conference, Vol. 4, Oct. 2004, pp. 3475-3481.
[4] Guo, W. and O'Farrell, T., “Relay Deployment in Cellular Networks: Planning and Optimization”, Communications, IEEE Journal, Issue 99, 2012, pp.1-10.
[5] Saleh, A.B.,Bulakci, O., Hamalainen, J., Redana, S. and Raaf, B., “Analysis of the Impact of Site Planning on the Performance of Relay Deployments”, Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 61, Issue 7, 2009, pp.115-121.
[6] Pabst, Ralf, Walke, Bernhard H., Schultz, D.C., Herhold, P., Yanikomeroglu, H., Mukherjee, S., Viswanathan,H., Lott, M.,Zirwas, W., Dohler, M., Aghvami, H. and Falconer, D.D., “Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband radio”, Communications Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 42, Issue 9, 2004, pp.80-89.
[7] Huynh, H.Q., Husain, S.I., Yuan, J., Razi, A. and Taubman, D.S., ” Performance analysis of serial cooperative communications with decode-and-forward relaying and blind-EGC reception under nakagami fading channels”, Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on , Vol. 8, Issue:11, 2009, pp. 1 – 5
[8] Hyundong Shin and Song, J.B., “MRC Analysis of Cooperative Diversity with Fixed-Gain Relays in Nakagami-m Fading Channels”, Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on, Vol.7 , Issue: 6, 2008 , pp. 2069 - 2074
[9] R. C. Qiu, “A study of the ultra-wideband wireless propagation channeland optimum UWB receiver design,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas inCommunications , Vol. 20, No.9, December 2002, pp. 1628-1637.
[10] B. Uguen, E. Plouhinee, Y. Lostanlen, and G. Chassay, “A deterministicultra-widebandchannel modeling”, IEEE Conference onUltra-Wideband System Technology, May 2002 s, pp. 1-5.
[11] Y. Zhang, “Ultra-wide bandwidth channel analysis in time domain using3-D ray tracing,” High Frequency Postgraduate Student Colloquium ofIEEE, September 2004, pp. 189-194.
[12] E. W. Kamen and B. S. Heck, “Fundamentals of Signals and SystemsUsing the WebandMatlab”, Prentice-Hall, 2000.
[13] G. D. Durgin, Space-Time Wireless Channels. New Jersey: PrenticeHall PTR, 2003.
[14] D. Tse and P. Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
[15] A. J. Paulraj, R. Nabar and D. Gore, Introduction to Space-TimeWireless Communication. U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003.
[16] S. H. Chen and S. K. Jeng ,“An SBR/Image approach for indoorradio propagation in a corridor”, IEICE TRANSACTIONS onElectronics, Vol. E78-C, No.8, August 1995, pp. 1058-1062.
[17] S. H. Chen and S. K. Jeng, “SBR/Image approach for radio wavepropagation in tunnels with and without traffic”, IEEE Transactions onVehicular Technology, Vol. 45, No.3, August 1996, pp. 570-578.
[18] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle Swarm Optimization”, Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Conference on NeuralNetworks, 1995, pp. 1942-1948.
[19] A. S. Jazi, S. M. Riad, A. Muqaibel, and A. Bayram, “Through-the-WallPropagation and Material Characterization”, DARPA NETEX ProgramReport, November 2002.
[20] S. Imada and T. Ohtsuki, “Pre-RAKE diversity combining for UWBsystems in IEEE 802.15 UWB multipath channel”, IEEE Joint withConference on Ultra wideband Systems and Technologies. Joint UWBST& IWUWBS. 2004 International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems,May 2004, pp. 236 - 240.
[21] D.J. Gargin, “A fast and reliable acquisition scheme for detecting ultrawide-band impulse radio signals in the presence of multi-path andmultiple access interference”, 2004 International Workshop on UltraWideband Systems, May 2004, pp. 106 - 110.