本論文研究當代英國作家伊恩･辛克萊(Iain Sinclair)的倫敦書寫，旨在探討都市現代性的空間化，以及辛克萊筆下所呈現的另類都會空間。藉由分析辛克萊三部作品中的語言文字、社會文化脈絡與文學生產方法，本研究不僅處理倫敦都市現代性的問題，亦討論書寫另類都會空間的可能性和侷限。援引法國哲學家昂希･勒斐博(Henri Lefebvre)的空間三元辯證概念(spatial trialectics)為理論架構，本論文主要從三個面向探討辛克萊筆下倫敦的都會空間：物質與社會建構、語言與思想以及富含想像的書寫行動。藉此，本研究除了關照歷史書寫、社會論述與人倫關係之外，並強調空間辯證的政治性，進而指出文本空間生產與這三者之間交互作用的關係。以勒斐博的空間生產理論(the production of space)探討倫敦的文本空間生產，本論文指出辛克萊如何透過書寫和行走倫敦的都市空間，解構並回應倫敦的都市現代性。
    本論文主要有四個章節。第一章開啟勒斐博與辛克萊的對話，以勒斐博的空間生產三元辯證概念作為閱讀策略，彰顯辛克萊如何以空間、歷史和文學想像做為書寫/行走倫敦的主軸。第二章探討辛克萊如何運用反禁制（anti-closure）的書寫手法，檢視社會論述中的空間邊緣意象。本章分析辛克萊的語言符號如何牽連歷史、社會和空間三邊的權力互動，並說明辛克萊如何以反禁制的空間修辭，將倫敦都市空間轉化為一種抗拒封閉、開放複寫的想像空間。第三章分析辛克萊極富想像力與創造力的書寫行動，解釋城市漫遊者如何以潛伏盯梢（stalking）的行走模式，進行一場認識論的拆解。本章指出辛克萊的城市探索者如何以書寫和實際的空間參與，顛覆主流論述的空間想像，並重新結構主體與社會關係，試圖再現/造倫敦的另類都會空間。第四章審視辛克萊的書寫策略和行走模式，探討書寫另類都會空間的可能性，並指出以書寫/行走作為抗拒或重新詮釋社會文化論述的侷限性。本研究的主旨在於例示辛克萊筆下倫敦所呈現之另類都會空間，尋找寫實/歷史和虛構/文本之間的倫敦的空間性。

This study focuses on three of Iain Sinclair’s major publications: Downriver, Lights Out for the Territory, and Dining on Stones. By relating discussions of the three texts to the problematics of modernity in London, it tries to bring together critical reflections on Sinclair’s language, socio-cultural contexts of his writing, and his method of literary production. The dissertation not only deals with the problematics of London’s urban space represented in Sinclair’s work, but also probes into the problematics of writing urban space per se. In keeping with these objectives, it uses Henri Lefebvre’s conception of spatial trialectics, approaching Sinclair’s London from three main dimensions: material social reality, language and thought, and his creative, poetic act of writing. Despite looking at them separately, this thesis highlights the interplay of the three dimensions in the work of Sinclair. The focus is on how the codification of London’s urban space has been read, analyzed, and responded to by Sinclair in his practice of writing as well as walking the space of London. 
     The thesis comprises four chapters: (1) Engaging Henri Lefebvre and Iain Sinclair in Dialogue, (2) Iain Sinclair’s Anti-Closural Narratology in Downriver, (3) The Poetics of Walking in Lights Out for the Territory, and (4) Mind the Gap! Artistic Integrity vis-a-vis Cultural Hegemony in Dining on Stones. With the aim to develop a methodology to approach Sinclair’s London—his texts and the city, Chapter One provides a link of Sinclair’s work to Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space. Chapter Two intends to study Sinclair’s language in both form and context in the hope of shedding light on Sinclair’s anti-closural narratology, as manifested in the novel Downriver. In addition to the study of his language, Chapter Three delves into Sinclair’s method of literary production with the focus on the practice of psychogeography, his act of identifying writing and walking as one and the same thing. Following up on the foregoing argument, Chapter Four studies the problematics of writing urban space per se in terms of investigating Sinclair’s authorial as well as artistic integrity in the face of dominant cultural hegemony. The dissertation not only develops an alternative methodology to approach Sinclair’s London—his texts and the city, but also opens a dialogue that engages Lefebvre in the intellectual terrain of literary criticism and cultural studies.

Table of Contents

Introduction:   
Approaching Iain Sinclair’s London   1
Iain Sinclair and Contemporary London Writing   5
Studies on Iain Sinclair   10
Space that Matters: Iain Sinclair and Henri Lefebvre   13
Discovering Iain Sinclair’s London: Texts and the City   17

Chapter One:
Engaging Henri Lefebvre and Iain Sinclair in Dialogue   24
Shaping the Image of East London   25
Spatial Trialectics in the Production of Space   29
Everyday Life and Rhythmanalysis   37
Writing, Walking, and the (Re)Production of Space   41
Mirage Effect: 
Problematics of Repetitions and Differences   49
The Quest for a Third Space   53

Chapter Two:
Iain Sinclair’s Anti-Closural Narratology in Downriver   62
Narrative of Recollections on the Move   63
East London in the Making: 
Imagery, Space, and Everyday Life   70
Struggle for Representational Spaces: 
Imagination and Dream Narratives   83
The Logic of Anti-Closural Narratology   95

Chapter Three:
The Poetics of Walking in Lights Out for the Territory   97
Lights out for East London   98
Walking as Textual Production   101
Alternative Cartographies: 
Mapping the Unread Territory   109
Urban Shaman as the Activator of Place/Space   120
Stalking with a Thesis: 
Restructuring Urban Everyday Life?   124
The Rhythms of Peds   130

Chapter Four:
Mind the Gap! Artistic Integrity vis-a-vis Cultural Hegemony
in Dining on Stones   132
On the Road of A13: 
Deconstructing the Autobiographical Journey   133
Authorial Effacement in the “Mirror World”   137
Textual Duplication and the Loss of Artistic Integrity   147
Searching for Fissures in London Stones and Bricks   155
The Crisis of Being Iain Sinclair   161

Conclusion   163

Appendix   168
Works Cited   171
Online References   181

Works Cited

Acheson, James and Romana Huk, eds. Contemporary British Poetry: Essays in Theory and Criticism. Albany: State U. of New York P. 1996. Print.
Ackroyd, Peter. Hawksmoor. 1985. London: Penguin Books, 2010. Print.
- - -. London: The Biography. London: Chatto & Windus, 2000. Print.
- - -. Thames: Sacred River. London: Vintage Books, 2007. Print.
- - -. Rev. of Lights Out for the Territory, by Iain Sinclair. The Collection: Journalism, Reviews, Short Stories, Lectures. Ed. Thomas Wright. London: Vintage, 2002. 287. Print.
Auge, Marc. Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. Trans. John Howe. London and New York: Verso, 1995. Print.
Barry, Peter. “‘You Can Get It from the Street:’ The Prose Style of Iain Sinclair.” City Visions: The Work of Iain Sinclair. Ed. Robert Bond and Jenny Bavidge. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. 44-55. Print.
Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author,” Image, Music, Text. Trans. Stephen Heath. New York: Hill and Wang, 1977. 142-48. Print.
Baudelaire, Charles. “The Painter of Modern Life.” The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays. Ed. and trans. Jonathan Mayne. London: Phaidon, 1995. 1-41. Print.
Benjamin, Walter. Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. London: Verso, 1997. Print.
- - -. Walter Benjamin: Selected Writings, Volume 4: 1938-1940. Ed. Howard Eiland and Michael W. Jennings. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap P of Harvard UP, 2003. Print.
Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge, 1994. Print.
Blake, William. “Jerusalem.” Blake: Complete Writings. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1974. Print.
Bond, Robert. Iain Sinclair. Cambridge: Salt Publishing, 2005. Print.
- - -. and Jenny Bavidge eds. City Visions: The Work of Iain Sinclair. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. Print.
Borges, Jorge Luis. The Aleph and Other Stories: 1933-1969. New York: Bantam Books, 1971. Print.
Carter, Angela. “Adventures at the End of Time.” Rev. of Downriver, by Iain Sinclair. London Review of Books 13.5 (1991): 17-18. Print.
Chtcheglov, Ivan. “Formulary for a New Urbanism.” Situationist International Anthology. Ed. Ken Knabb. Berkeley: Bureau of Public Secrets, 2006. Print.
Coverley, Merlin. The Art of Walking: The Writer as Walker. Harpenden: Oldcastle Books, 2012. Print.
- - -. Psychogeography. Harpenden: Pocket Essentials, 2006. Print.
Cunningham, David. “Re-Placing the Novel: Sinclair, Ballard and the Spaces of Literature.” City Visions: The Work of Iain Sinclair. Ed. Robert Bond and Jenny Bavidge. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. 134-46. Print.
De Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984. Print.
Debord, Guy. “Introduction to a Critique of Urban Geography.” Situationist International Anthology. Ed. Ken Knabb. Berkeley: Bureau of Public Secrets, 2006. Print.
- - -. The Society of Spectacle, London: Rebel P, 1992. Print.
- - -. “Theory of the Derive.” Situationist International Anthology. Ed. Ken Knabb. Berkeley: Bureau of Public Secrets, 2006. Print.
Delingpole, James. “A Walk on the Wacky Side.” The Spectator. 2 November 2002, 59. Print.
Dun, Aidan Andrew. Vale Royal. Uppingham: Goldmark, 1995. Print.
Foucault, Michel. “Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias.” Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory. Ed. Neil Leach. New York: Routledge, 1997. 330-36. Print.
Foucault, Michel. “What is an Author?” Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader. Ed. David Lodge. London: Longman, 2000. 101-20. Print.
Genette, Gerard. Paratexts:Thresholds of Interpretation. Trans. Jane E. Lewin. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997. Print.
Groes, Sebastian. “Full of Eyes Round About and Within: Iain Sinclair’s Carceral London.” City Visions: The Work of Iain Sinclair. Ed. Robert Bond and Jenny Bavidge. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. 175-87. Print.
- - -. The Making of London: London in Contemporary Literature. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print.
Hampson, Robert. “Re-writing Conrad.” City Visions: The Work of Iain Sinclair. Ed. Robert Bond and Jenny Bavidge. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. 110-19. Print. 
- - -. “Spatial Stories: Conrad and Iain Sinclair.” The Conradian: the Journal of the Joseph Conrad Society(U.K.) 31.1 (2006): 52-73. Web. Spring 2006.
Heawood, Jonathan. “Scared of His Own Shadows.” The Observer. Web. 18 April 2004.
Hibbert, Christopher, Ben Weinreb, Julia Keay, John Keay, and Matthew Weinreb, eds. The London Encyclopaedia 3rd ed. London: Macmillan, 2008. Print.
Highmore, Ben. Cityscapes: Cultural Readings in the Material and Symbolic City. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print.
Hollis, Leo. The Stones of London: A History in Twelve Buildings. London: Phoenix, 2011. Print.
Imrie, Rob and Huw Thomas, eds. British Urban Policy. London: Sage, 1999. Print.
James, David. “As He Stalks His ‘Pillar to the Dispossessed:’ Confessions of the Cryptographer.” City Visions: The Work of Iain Sinclair. Ed. Robert Bond and Jenny Bavidge. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. 148-61. Print.
Jameson, Fredric. “Postmodernism and Consumer Society.” The Cultural Turn: Selected Writings on the Postmodern 1983-1998. London and New York: Verso, 1998. 1-20. Print.
- - -. Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. London: Verso, 1991. Print.
Jeffries, Stuart. “On the Road.” Rev. of Dining on Stones, by Iain Sinclair. The Guardian. Web. 24 April 2004.
Jenkins, Simon. Thatcher and Sons: A Revolution in Three Acts. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2007. Print.
Jenks, Chris. “Watching Your Step: the History and Practice of the Flaneur.” Visual Culture. London: Routledge, 1995. Print.
Jones, Peter and Michael Schmidt, eds. British Poetry since 1970: A Critical Survey. New York: Persea Books, 1980. Print.
Kerr, Joe and Andrew Gibson, eds. London from Punk to Blair. London: Reaktion, 2003. Print.
Kipfer, Stenfan, Kanishka Gooneswardena, Christian Schmid, and Richard Milgrom. “On the Production of Henri Lefebvre.” Space, Difference, Everyday Life: Reading Henri Lefebvre. New York and London: Routledge, 2008. 1-23. Print.
Lee, Charles Edward. St. Pancras Church and Parish. London: Godart and Co., 1995. Print. 
Lefebvre, Henri. Critique of Everyday Life Volume 2: Foundations for a Sociology of the Everyday. Trans. John Moore. London and New York: Verso, 2008. Print. 
- - -. Critique of Everyday Life Volume 3: From Modernity to Modernism. Trans. Gregory Elliott. London and New York: Verso, 2008. Print. 
- - -. Dialectical Materialism. Trans. John Sturrock. Minneapolis and London: U of Minnesota P, 2009. Print. 
- - -. Everyday Life in the Modern World. Trans. Sacha Rabinovitch. London and New York: Continuum, 2002. Print. 
- - -. Interview by Kristen Ross. “Henri Lefebvre on the Situationist International.” October 79. Web. 1997.
- - -. Introduction to Modernity: Twelve Preludes. Trans. John Moore. London and New York: Verso, 1995. Print.
- - -. Rhythmanalysis: Space, Time, and Everyday Life. Trans. Stuart Elden and Gerald Moore. New York: Continuum, 2004. Print.
- - -. “Space and Mode of Production,” State, Space, World: Selected Essays. Ed. Neil Brenner and Stuart Elden. Trans. Gerald Moore, Neil Brenner, and Stuart Elden. Minneapolis and London: U of Minnesota P, 2009. 210-22. Print.
- - -. “Space: Social Product and Use Value,” State, Space, World: Selected Essays. Ed. Neil Brenner and Stuart Elden. Trans. Gerald Moore, Neil Brenner, and Stuart Elden. Minneapolis and London: U of Minnesota P, 2009. 185-95. Print.
- - -. The Production of Space. Trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991. Print.
- - -. “The Right to the City.” Writings on Cities. Ed. and trans. E. Kofman and E. Lebas. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1996. Print.
London, Jack. The People of the Abyss. London: Journeyman Press, 1977. Print.
Marx, Karl. Capital, Volume 1. Trans. Ben Fowkes. New York: Random House, 1976. Print.
McGrath, Melanie. Silvertown: An East End Family Memoir. London: Fourth Estate, 2002. Print.
Melsio, Sara Nadal. “Lessons in Surrealism: Relationality, Event, Encounter.” Space, Difference, Everyday Life: Reading Henri Lefebvre. New York and London: Routledge, 2008. 161-75. Print.
Mengham, Rod, ed. An Introduction to Contemporary Fiction: International Writing in English since 1970. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999. Print.
Meyer, Kurt. “Rhythms, Streets, Cities.” Space, Difference, Everyday Life: Reading Henri Lefebvre. New York and London: Routledge, 2008. 147-160. Print.
Murray, Alex. “Exorcising the Demons of Thatcherism: Iain Sinclair and the Critical Efficacy of a London Fiction.” Literary London: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Representation of London 3.2 (2005): n. pag. The Literary London Society. Web. September 2005.
- - -. “Literary Genealogy and the Aesthetics of Critique in the Work of Iain Sinclair.” City Visions: The Work of Iain Sinclair. Ed. Robert Bond and Jenny Bavidge. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. 68-81. Print.
- - -. Recalling London: Literature and History in the Work of Peter Ackroyd and Iain Sinclair. London: Continuum, 2007. Print.
Perril, Simon. “A Cartography of Absence: the Work of Iain Sinclair,” Comparative Criticism 19 (1997): 309-39. Print.
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Man of the Crowd.” The Fall of the House of Usher and Other Tales. London: Penguin, 2003. Print.
Prigge, Walter. “Reading The Urban Revolution: Space and Representation.” Space, Difference, Everyday Life: Reading Henri Lefebvre. New York and London: Routledge, 2008. 46-61. Print.
Roud, Steve. London Lore: The Legends and Traditions of the World’s most Vibrant City. London: Arrow Books, 2010. Print.
Sallis, James. Rev. of London Tower, by Iain Sinclair. The Review of Contemporary Fiction 1 (2002): n. pag. Print.
Schmid, Christian. “Henri Lefebvre’s Theory of the Production of Space: Towards a Three-Dimensional Dialectic.” Space, Difference, Everyday Life: Reading Henri Lefebvre. New York and London: Routledge, 2008. 27-45. Print.
Seale, Kirsten. “Eye-swiping London Iain Sinclair, photography and the flaneur.” Literary London: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Representation of London 3.2 (2005): n. pag. The Literary London Society. Web. September 2005.
- - -. “Iain Sinclair's Excremental Narratives.” M/C Journal 8.1 (2005): n. pag. Web. February 2005.
Shields, Rob. Lefebvre, Love and Struggle: Spatial Dialectics. London and New York: Routledge, 1998. Print.
Sinclair, Iain. Dining on Stones (or, The Middle Ground). 2004. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2005. Print.
- - -. Downriver (Or, The Vessels of Wrath: A Narrative in Twelve Tales). 1991. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2004. Print.
- - -. Interview by Mark Pilkington and Phil Baker. “City Brain.” Fortean Times. Web. April 2002.
- - -. Interview. “Iain Sinclair in Conversation with Colette Meacher.” Literary London: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Representation of London 3.2 (2005): n. pag. The Literary London Society. Web. September 2005.
- - -. Interview. “Psychogeography: Will Self and Iain Sinclair in conversation with Kevin Jackson.” Literary London: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Representation of London 6.1 (2008): n. pag. The Literary London Society. Web. March 2008.
- - -. Lights Out for the Territory: 9 Excursions in the Secret History of London. 1997. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2003. Print.
- - -. London Orbital: A Walk around the M25. 2002. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2003. Print.
- - -. Lud Heat: A Book of the Dead Hamlets. London: Albion Village Press, 1975. Print.
- - -. White Chappell, Scarlet Tracings. 1987. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2004. Print.
Soja, Edward W. Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. Print.
Stanek, Lukasz. Henri Lefebvre on Space: Architecture, Urban Research, and the Production of Theory. London: Minnesota UP, 2011. Print.
Stukeley, William. Itinerarium Curiosum Volume 2; or, An Account of the Antiquities, and Remarkable Curiosities in Nature or Art, Observed in Travels through Great Britain. Michigan: Gale ECCO, 2010. Print.
Thomson, Ian. “A Flower That’s Free.” Rev. of Lights Out for the Territory, by Iain Sinclair. The Spectator 8 February 1997: 38. Print.
Trotter, David. Cooking with Mud: The Idea of Mess in Nineteenth-Century Art and Fiction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000. Print.
Twin, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Livermore: WingSpan Classics, 2009. Print.
Watkins, Alfred. The Old Straight Track. London: Abacus, 1970. Print.
Wolfreys, Julian. Writing London,Volume 3: Inventions of the City. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
 
Online References

Aidan Andrew Dun:
http://www.aidanandrewdun.com/index.html

Canary Wharf Group PLC:
http://www.canarywharf.com 

English Heritage:
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/

London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC): 
http://www.lddc-history.org.uk

London Thames Gateway Forum:
www.thamesgatewayforum.com/ 

Public Sculptures of Sussex:
http://publicsculpturesofsussex.co.uk/