隨著資訊與通訊科技的快速發展，今日的世界已經邁入了資訊社會與知識經濟社會。為了因應衝擊，歐盟2000年舉行了里斯本高峰會，訂定了在十年內成為世界上最具競爭力且最具動能的知識經濟體，並強調教育與訓練體制的創新是迎接挑戰的優先領域，而歐盟數位化學習政策也在里斯本策略的目標下陸續推動。
    本論文以政策分析法作為研究方法，共分為六章。第一章為緒論；第二章為歐盟里斯本策略與數位化學習相關概念釐清，介紹資訊社會與知識經濟社會的相關概念；第三章為歐盟里斯本策略與數位化學習政策的優先性，探討歐盟里斯本策略的發展與里斯本策略下創新的歐盟數位化學習政策的形成；第四章為歐盟數位化學習相關政策，包括了蘇格拉底計畫、達文西計畫、數位歐洲系列計畫以及數位化學習系列計畫等等；第五章為歐盟數位化學習政策的實施與評估；第六章為結論，總結本論文研究結果並展望未來終身數位化學習的遠景。
歸納本研究結果，歐盟數位化學習政策礙於經費有限與教育政策的權限等障礙，成效有限，但是其對於歐盟數位化學習發展的貢獻仍然值得給予肯定。歐盟數位化學習計畫在2007年整合進入終身學習計劃之中後，更將擴大面向，促進各個教育與訓練領域學習的品質，進入終身數位化學習的時代。

Because of the rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT), our daily life has a close connection with Information Society and Knowledge-based Economy. In order to confront the impacts caused by Information Society and Knowledge-based economy, EU held the meeting of the European Council in Lisbon in 2000. According to the council conclusion, EU has to become the most competitive and dynamic economy in the world in 10 years and emphasizes education and the innovation of training systems as the priority areas. Within it, the eLearning policy of European Union is also one of the most important actions of EU according to the general objectives of the Lisbon Strategy.
The methodology of the thesis is policy analysis, and there are six chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction. Chapter 2 contains relative concepts of the Lisbon Strategy of EU and eLearning, which are the fundamental concepts of information society and knowledge-based Economy. Chapter 3 recites the priority areas of the
Lisbon Strategy of EU and eLearning, discussing the development of the Lisbon Strategy of EU and the innovation of eLearning policy. Chapter 4 explores relative policies and programmes of the eLearning of EU, including SOCRATES, LEONARDO DA VINCI, eEurope and eLearning programmes, etc. Chapter 5 assesses the eLearning policy of EU. Chapter 6 is the conclusion of this thesis, which sums up the findings of this thesis and gives some point of views for future development.
In the findings of this thesis, despite the obstacles like the limited fund and the principle of the education policy, the contributions of the eLearning of EU are still convincing. Furthermore, eLearning programme of EU was integrated into Lifelong Learning programme of EU in 2007. This made the whole programme more powerful to promote the quality of learning in both education and training, and made Europe “a society of lifelong eLearning”.

歐盟里斯本策略：創新與數位化學習政策之研究
目 次
第一章 緒論-----------------------------------------------------------------p.1
第一節 研究動機與目的-----------------------------------------------------------p.1
第二節 研究方法與分析架構-----------------------------------------------------p.4
第三節 章節安排--------------------------------------------------------------------p.6
第四節 研究範圍與研究限制-----------------------------------------------------p.7
第二章 歐盟里斯本策略與數位化學習相關概念釐清-------------p.11
第一節 資訊社會相關概念-------------------------------------------------------p.11
一、資訊社會概念的初期發展----------------------------------------------p.11
二、貝爾與杜拉克的資訊社會論述----------------------------------------p.13
三、資訊社會與資本主義-資訊富者與資訊貧者------------------------p.15
四、資訊社會的定義----------------------------------------------------------p.16
第二節 知識經濟社會相關概念-------------------------------------------------p.19
一、知識與資訊----------------------------------------------------------------p.19
二、知識的分類與特性-------------------------------------------------------p.20
三、知識產業-------------------------------------------------------------------p.22
四、知識經濟的定義與特色-------------------------------------------------p.24
第三節 數位化學習相關概念----------------------------------------------------p.28
一、數位化學習的定義-------------------------------------------------------p.29
二、數位化學習的演進-------------------------------------------------------p.33
三、數位化學習的傳遞模式、互動方式與特色-------------------------p.35
第三章 歐盟里斯本策略與數位化學習的政策優先性-------------p.39
第一節 2000年里斯本策略的目標與方針-------------------------------------p.40
一、全面性的策略目標-------------------------------------------------------p.40
二、里斯本策略的政策方針-------------------------------------------------p.41
第二節 里斯本策略的運作-------------------------------------------------------p.44
一、歐盟里斯本策略相關機構----------------------------------------------p.44
二、里斯本策略的運作模式與開放協調法-------------------------------p.49
第三節 不斷改進的里斯本策略-------------------------------------------------p.54
一、2001年斯德哥爾摩高峰會----------------------------------------------p.55
二、2002年巴塞隆納高峰會-------------------------------------------------p.55
三、2003年薩皮爾報告-------------------------------------------------------p.57
四、2003年、2004年科克報告---------------------------------------------p.58
五、2005年布魯塞爾高峰會與新的開始----------------------------------p.61
第四節 里斯本策略中的主要優先-歐盟數位化學習的政策優先性-------p.63
第四章 歐盟數位化學習相關政策-------------------------------------p.65
第一節 歐盟邁向學習社會白皮書與歐洲終身學習年----------------------p.65
一、1995歐盟邁向學習社會白皮書----------------------------------------p.65
二、1996歐洲終身學習年----------------------------------------------------p.66
第二節 歐盟蘇格拉底計畫-------------------------------------------------------p.71
一、1995至1999年蘇格拉底第一期計畫--------------------------------p.71
二、2000至2006年蘇格拉底第二期計畫--------------------------------p.74
第三節 歐盟達文西計畫----------------------------------------------------------p.77
一、1995至1999年達文西第一期計畫-----------------------------------p.80
二、2000至2006年達文西第二期計畫-----------------------------------p.81
第四節 數位歐洲系列計畫-------------------------------------------------------p.83
一、1999數位歐洲倡議-------------------------------------------------------p.83
二、數位歐洲2002行動方案------------------------------------------------p.85
三、數位歐洲2005行動方案------------------------------------------------p.87
四、資訊歐洲i2010策略-----------------------------------------------------p.88
第五節 數位化學習政策系列計畫的推行-------------------------------------p.90
一、2000年數位化學習倡議-設計明日的教育---------------------------p.90
二、2001至2004年數位化學習行動方案--------------------------------p.93
三、2004至2006年數位化學習計畫--------------------------------------p.96
四、2007至2013年終身數位化學習整合計畫--------------------------p.99
第五章 歐盟數位化學習政策的實施與評估-----------------------p.103
第一節 相關計畫推動數位化學習的檢討-----------------------------------p.103
一、蘇格拉底計畫與達文西計畫-----------------------------------------p.103
二、米娜娃行動計畫--------------------------------------------------------p.104
第二節 數位化學習計畫的評析-----------------------------------------------p.105
一、歐盟數位化學習的需求-----------------------------------------------p.105
二、數位化學習計畫的實際施行-----------------------------------------p.107
三、歐盟推動數位化學習政策的障礙-----------------------------------p.109
四、歐盟數位化學習計畫的成效分析-----------------------------------p.110
第六章 結論--------------------------------------------------------------p.121
參考資料-------------------------------------------------------------------------p.127

論文圖表目次
圖 次
圖1-1 研究架構圖--------------------------------------------------------------------------p.5
圖2-1 數位化學習的演進圖------------------------------------------------------------ p.34
圖2-2 數位化學習互動模式------------------------------------------------------------ p.37
圖3-1 歐盟共同決策程序圖------------------------------------------------------------ p.50
圖5-1 歐盟DSL 用戶覆蓋率----------------------------------------------------------p.113
圖5-2 歐盟內部學校連結網路百分比-----------------------------------------------p.114
圖5-3 歐洲公民從未使用網路或電腦比例-----------------------------------------p.115
表 次
表2-1 資訊社會五大面向定義--------------------------------------------------------- p.18
表2-2 知識產業的定義比較------------------------------------------------------------ p.24
表2-3「知識經濟」的定義------------------------------------------------------------- p.25
表2-4 知識在工業社會與知識經濟社會中的差異比較--------------------------- p.28
表2-5 數位化學習定義比較------------------------------------------------------------ p.30
表2-6 數位化學習遞送模式------------------------------------------------------------ p.36
表3-1 開放協調法與傳統治理模式的比較------------------------------------------ p.54
表4-1 蘇格拉底計畫第一期與第二期整理比較------------------------------------ p.77
表4-2 達文西計畫第一期與第二期整理比較--------------------------------------- p.82
表5-1 歐盟數位化學習經費與計畫產出--------------------------------------------p.108
表5-2 學校中每100 名學童共用5 台以上電腦的比例--------------------------p.112
表5-3 學校中每100 名學童共用10 台以上電腦的比例------------------------p.112
表5-4 歐盟公民電腦使用技能水準(2005) -----------------------------------------p.116

一、	中文部份
（一）	書籍
Boucher, F. and Echkenazi, J.，吳錫德等譯。《認識歐洲聯盟》，台北，中央圖書出版社，民國91年。
Bromley, Hank and Apple, Michal W.。白亦方等譯。《教育．科技．權力－視資訊教育為一種社會實踐》，台北：高等教育文化事業有限公司，民國93年。
Negroponte, Nicholas，齊若蘭譯。《數位革命》，台北：天下文化出版股份公司，民國84年。
丹尼爾．貝爾著，高銛等譯，《後工業社會的來臨》，台北：桂冠圖書股份有限公司，民國84年。
吳明烈，《終身學習－理念與實踐》，台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司，民國93年。
杜拉克著，傅振焜譯，《後資本主義社會》，台北：時報，民國83年。
汪淇，《尋找資訊社會》，台北：三民，民84年。
法蘭克．韋布斯特著，馮建三譯，《資訊社會理論》，台北：遠流，民國88年。
馬克．羅森柏格著，樂為良譯，《E-Learning－提升個人競爭力、強化企業優勢的終極學習策略》，台北：美商麥格羅．希爾國際股份有限公司台灣分公司，民國90年。
張清溪等，《經濟學：理論與實際》，台北：翰蘆，民國89年。
張福昌，《邁向歐洲聯盟之路》，台北：三民書局，民國93年。
郭秋慶，《歐洲聯盟概論》，台北：五南書局，民國88年。
陳年興、楊錦潭，《數位學習-理論與實務》，台北：博碩，民國95年。
陳麗娟，《歐洲共同體法導論》，台北：五南書局，民國94年。
黃偉峰，《歐洲聯盟的組織與運作》，台北：五南書局，民國94年。
增田米二著，游婉娟譯，《資訊地球村》，台北：天下，民國83年。

（二）	期刊論文
王玉葉，＜歐洲聯盟之輔助原則＞，《歐美研究》，民89年，第30卷，第2期，第1頁至第31頁。
卓忠宏，＜從歐盟「政府間會議」論歐洲憲法條約及其爭議＞，《政治大學國際關係學報》，No. 20, 民國94年7月，第57至92頁。
施世駿，＜歐盟新治理模式與社會政策發展：「開放協調法」興起的歷史脈絡與政策意涵＞，《台灣社會福利學刊》，民94年，第4卷，第1期，第1頁至第50頁。
張一蕃，＜資訊時代之國民素養與教育＞，《資訊科技對人文、社會的衝擊與影響：期末研究報告》，行政院經濟建設委員會，民國86年，第4章。
經濟部研究發展委員會，＜里斯本策略緣起與發展＞，《國內外經濟情勢分析》，民國94年，3月號，第52頁至第58頁。
賴景昌、林國仕，＜知識經濟＞，《科學發展》，台北：行政院國家科學委員會，民國93年5月，377期，第58頁至第63頁。

二、	英文部份
（一）	書籍
Cedefop, E-learning and training in Europe, Cedefop Reference series: 26
Chadha, Gaurav and Kumail, Nafay. e-Learning–An Expression of the Knowledge Economy. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill, 2002. 
Drucker, Peter Ferdinand. the Age of Discontinuity, New York: Harper Collins, 1969.
European Commission Directorate General for Information Society and Media Benchmarking Access and Use of ICT in European Schools 2006, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2006.
European Commission Directorate General for Information Society, Broadband coverage in Europe Final Report 2007, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007.
European Commission Directorate-General for Education and Culture, eLearning - Better eLearning for Europe. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003.
European Commission, Information Society and Education: Linking European Policies. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2006.
Garrison, Randy and Anderson, Terry. Elearning in the 21st Century. London: RoutleFalmer, 2003.
Littlejohn, Allison and Pegler, Chris. Preparing for blended e-Learning, NY: Routledge, 2007.
Massy, Jane. Quality and eLearning in Europe report 2002, London: Bizmedia, 2002.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, E-learning in the Tertiary Education: Where Do We Stand?. Paris: OECD, 2005.
Page, Ken. A preliminary study on the current state of e-learning in lifelong learning,  Cedefop Panorama series; 123. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2006.
Rosenberg, Marc. E-Learning: Strategies for delivering knowledge in the digital age. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Schiller, Herbert I. Who knows: Information in the age of the fortune 500, NJ:Ablex, 1981.

（二）	期刊論文
Adams, Jean and Morgan, Gareth. “‘Second Generation’E-learning:  Characteristics and design principle for supporting management soft-skills development”, International journal on E-learning. Vol.6, No.2, 2007, pp. 157-185.
Brinkley, Ian and Lee, Neil. “The knowledge economy in europe - a report for the 2007 EU spring council”. Work Foundation, October 2006.
Convery, Anne and Kerr, Kirstin. “Exploring the European Dimension in education”, European Education, 37(4), pp. 22-34.
Cross, Jay. “An informal history of eLearning”, On the Horizon, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2004, pp. 103-110.
Cross, Jay. “The future of eLearning”, On the Horizon, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2004, pp. 150-156.
Dunn, Patrick. “Has e-learning truly arrived in Europe?”, Training Journal, United Kingdom: Fenman Limited, October 2001 edition.
European eLearning Summit, “Summit Declaration”, 18 May 2001.
European Open and Distance Learning Liaison Committee,“Distance Learning and eLearning in European Policy and Practice: the Vision and the Reality”, Policy Paper, 17 November 2004.
European Open and Distance Learning Liaison Committee,“Learning Innovation for the Adapted Lisbon Agenda”, Policy Paper, 3 May 2006.
Littig, Peter. “New media-supported learning today and tomorrow: recommendations for the next generation of education and training concepts supported by new learning media”, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 38, No.2, 2006, pp. 86-92.

Pailing, Marcus. “E-learning: is it really the best thing since sliced bread?”, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 34, No.4, 2002, pp.151-155.
Peterson, R. W., M. A., Marostica, and L. M. Callahan, “Helping investors climb the e-Learning Curve”, U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray, 1999.
Rodrigues, Maria João. “An Overview of the Lisbon Strategy – the European Agenda for Competitiveness, Employment and Social Cohesion”, Konferenz des Kompetenzteams Wirtschaft: So profitiert Österreich in Ares-Tower, Wien, Germany, September 17, 2004, by the Renner Institut.

三、	歐盟官方文件
Commission of the European Communities, “White Paper on growth, competitiveness, and employment: The challenges and ways forward into the 21st century”, COM(93) 700 final Brussels, 5 December 1993.
Commission of the European Communities, “White Paper on Education and Training, Teaching and Learning-Towards the Learning Society”, COM (95) 590 final, Brussels, 29 November 1995.
Commission of the European Communities, communication from the Commission, Learning in the Information Society Action plan for a European education initiative (1996-98). COM(96) 471 final, Brussels, 02.10.1996.
Commission of the European Communities, “eEurope- An information society for all”, communication on a Commission Initiative for the Special European Council of Lisbon 23 and 24 March 2000, Brussels 1999.
Commission of the European Communities, Strategy for Jobs in the Information Society, COM (2000) 48. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000.
Commission of the European Communities, report from the commission, Implementation of theWhite Paper "Teaching and learning – Towards the learning society", COM(1999)750 final, Brussels, 10 January 2000.
Commission of the European Communities, communication from the Commission, eEurope-An Information Society For All progress report, COM (2000) 130 final, Brussels, 8.3.2000
Commission of the European Communities, communication from the Commission, e-Learning - Designing tomorrow's education, COM(2000) 318 final, Brussels, 24.5.2000.
Commission of the European Communities, report from the commission, Final Report on the Implementation of the First Phase of the Community Action Programme Leonardo da Vinci (1995-1999), COM (2000)/0863 final, Brussels, 22 December 2000.
Commission of the European Communities, communication from the Commission, The eLearning Action Plan Designing tomorrow’s education, COM(2001)172 final, Brussels 28.3.2001.
Commission of the European Communities, communication from the Commission, Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality, COM (2001) 678 final, Brussels, 21.11.2001.
Commission of the European Communities, Gateway to education: Socrates- European Community action programme in the field of education (2000-2006), Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002.
Commission of the European Communities, communication from the Commission, eEurope 2005: An information society for all, COM(2002) 263 final, Brussels, 28.5.2002.
Commission of the European Communities, “eLearning- Ex Ante Evaluation”, Brussels, 29 October 2002.
Commission of the European Communities, communication to the spring European  Council, Working together for growth and jobs: A new start for the Lisbon Strategy,  COM(2005) 24 final, Brussels, 2.2.2005.
Commission of the European Communities, Commission staff working paper, Progress towards the Lisbon objectives in education and training 2005 report, SEC (2005) 419, Brussels, 22.3.2005.
Commission of the European Communities, communication from the Commission, i2010 – A European Information Society for growth and employment, COM(2005) 229 final, Brussels, 1.6.2005.
Council Decision of 6 December 1994 establishing an action programme for the implementation of a European Community vocational training policy. Official Journal of the European Communities L 340, 29.12.1994, pp. 8–24.
Council Decision No 819/95/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 14 March 1995 establishing the Community action programme ‘Socrates’. Official Journal of the European Union L 087.
Council Decision No 2493/95/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 1995, establishing 1996 as the ‘European year of lifelong learning’.
Council Decision of 26 April 1999 establishing the second phase of the Community vocational training action programme 'Leonardo da Vinci'. Official Journal of the European Communities L 146, 11.6.1999.
Council of the European Communities and commission of The European Communities, eEurope 2002: An Information Society for All Action Plan, Brussels, 14.6.2000.
Council Decision No 2318/2003/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 5 December 2003, adopting a multiannual programme (2004 to 2006) for the effective integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) in education and training systems in Europe (eLearning Programme). Official Journal of the European Union L 345/9.
Council Decision No 1720/2006/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 November 2006, establishing an action programme in the field of lifelong learning. Official Journal of the European Union L 327/45.
Council Resolution of 13 July 2001 on e-Learning, Official Journal of the European Communities C 204/3.
European Commission Directorate-General for Education and Culture, WORKING GROUP C “ICT in Education and Training”, Implementation of “EDUCATION & TRAINING 2010” Work Programme Progress Report, 2004.
Lisbon European Council . Presidency Conclusions Lisbon, 23 and 24 March 2000.

四、	網路資源
1. 歐盟官方網站：
http://ec.europa.eu/
2. 歐盟統計局：
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1090,30070682,1090_33076576&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL 
3. 歐盟法律條文與官方文件(EUROLEX): 
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm   
4. 歐盟數位化學習入口網站(elearning portal)：
http://www.elearningeuropa.info/main/index.php?page=home 
5. 歐洲開放及遠距學習聯繫委員會(European Open and Distance Learning Liaison Committee)：
http://www.odl-liaison.org/ 
6.歐洲數位化學習品質基金會(European Foundation for Quality in eLearning)：
http://www.qualityfoundation.org/ww/en/pub/efquel/index.htm 
7. 歐洲遠距與數位化學習網(European Distance and Elearning Network, EDEN)：
http://www.eden-online.org/eden.php 
8. 歐盟網路書店：
http://bookshop.europa.eu/eGetRecords?Template=en_index
9. 駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處：
http://www.taiwanembassy.org/be/mp.asp?mp=101
10. 淡江大學歐盟資訊中心：
http://www.lib.tku.edu.tw/eudoc/libeu_ch.htm