聚電解質結合超過濾(PEUF)程序在近幾十年來常被應用於金屬污染物去除，過去的研究中常針對不同的聚電解質與金屬的搭配來探討金屬去除效率，而先前的研究大部分都著重於操作參數的影響，例如pH值、不同聚電解質結合金屬的負載容量(Loading ratio)、不同金屬與聚電解質的搭配及利用不同薄膜等的探討，但是對於PEUF來處理含有螯合劑的金屬溶液所造成的影響並沒有詳細的探討。
本研究利用聚電解質結合超過濾的程序來探討處理含有螯合劑金屬廢水的可行性以及聚電解質結合金屬的機制及探討是否會影響聚電解質回收率，本研究選用三種常見的螯合劑分別為Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)、Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)及Citric acids，金屬則是採用Cd2+。
實驗結果顯示當溶液中含有EDTA螯合劑時，能有效的提升PEUF程序中PEI在低pH值結合Cd金屬的能力，使得PEI結合Cd金屬不受pH值條件的限制。在回收聚電解質方面，溶液中含有EDTA、NTA及Citric acid螯合劑時並不會影響酸化回收的效率。

Mechanism of metal removal by polymers enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) process is based on complexation (by either electrostatic force or coordinating bonding) of metal ions with natural or synthetic polyelectrolytes/polymers, followed by removal of the metal-polyelectrolyte (or metal-polymer) complexes with ultrafiltration.
The majority of studies reported in the past mainly focusing on demonstrating the effectiveness of this process on metal removal under various experimental conditions such as pH, types of WSP and metals, metal loading ratio, and molecular weight cut off (MWCO) and types of membranes.
This study are to investigate the effects of ligand type, three different types of ligands, namely ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and citric acids, which have a wide range of affinities for cadmium ions, were tested. As a consequence, removal of cadmium by PEUF is expected to be affected by the presence of ligands.

第一章、序論	1
1-1 研究動機	1
1-2 研究目的	3
第二章、文獻回顧	4
2-1現行重金屬處理技術	4
2-2聚電解質結合超過濾之研究	8
2-3 聚電解質的種類及結合金屬之機制	11
2-4 影響PEUF去除金屬離子的因子	14
2-4-1 pH	14
2-4-2 濃度極化及積垢	16
2-4-3 離子強度	17
2-4-4聚電解質對不同的金屬的負載容量	18
第三章、實驗方法與材料	20
3-1 實驗材料	20
3-2 實驗設備	22
3-2-1掃流過濾裝置	22
3-2-2 分析儀器及方法	23
3-2-3其他儀器設備	24
3-3 實驗設計	25
3-3-1結合機制測試、金屬去除效果及吸附曲線實驗步驟	26
3-3-2 聚電解質回收步驟	30
第四章、結果與討論	31
4-1 PEI對金屬及金屬螯合物去除率及鍵結方式之比較	31
4-1-1 Poly(ethylenimine)去除機制探討	31
4-1-2 不同金屬螯合物對去除效果的影響	36
4-2 PEI吸附金屬之能力	39
4-2-1 pH對Cd(II)與PEI吸附能力之影響	39
4-2-2 pH對Cd(II)/EDTA與PEI吸附能力之影響	44
4-2-3 pH對Cd(II)/NTA與PEI吸附曲線之影響	52
4-3不同螯合劑對聚電解質回收之影響	56
第五章、結論	59
六、參考文獻	60

圖目錄
圖 1：不同過濾薄膜孔徑大小及所對應去除的污染物類型....................................5
圖 2：PEUF機制示意圖[6].........................................................................................8
圖 3：典型PEUF流程..................................................................................................9
圖 4：胺基聚電解質與二價金屬結合示意圖..........................................................12
圖 5：羧基類聚電解質與金屬結合示意圖..............................................................13
圖 6：不同pH值下Cd2+各物種分佈百分比.............................................................15
圖 7：Stirred Ultrafiltration Cell（摘自Millipore 公司）.......................................22
圖 8：鎘離子檢量線..................................................................................................23
圖 9：金屬與聚合物混合所放出的氫離子量..........................................................32
圖 10：PEI鹼滴定曲線，PEI濃度為0.1mM，利用1M NaOH滴定.....................33
圖 11：有無添加EDTA螯合劑，鎘金屬去除百分比.............................................34
圖 12：Cd2+及EDTA濃度為1mM，不同pH值下Cd(II)/EDTA各物種分佈百分比..............................................................................................................................35
圖 13：使用不同的螯合劑對於Cd去除的影響.......................................................37
圖 14：Cd2+及Citric Acid濃度為1mM、不同pH值下Cd(II)/Citric Acid各物種分佈百分比..................................................................................................................37
圖 15：Cd2+及NTA濃度為1mM、不同pH值下Cd(II)/NTA各物種分佈百分比...38
圖 16：pH7，PEI結合Cd2+金屬之吸附曲線...........................................................40
圖 17：pH6，PEI結合Cd2+金屬之吸附曲線...........................................................41
圖 18：pH5，PEI結合Cd2+金屬之吸附曲線...........................................................41
圖 19：pH4，PEI結合Cd2+金屬之吸附曲線...........................................................42
圖 20：pH3，PEI結合Cd2+金屬之吸附曲線...........................................................42
圖 21：pH7，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：1，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線.............45
圖 22：pH6，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：1，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線.............45

圖 23：pH5，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：1，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線.............46
圖 24：pH4，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：1，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線.............46
圖 25：pH3，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：1，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線.............47
圖 26：pH7，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：0.5，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線..........48
圖 27：pH6，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：0.5，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線..........49
圖 28：pH5，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：0.5，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線..........49
圖 29：pH4，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：0.5，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線..........50
圖 30：pH3，Cd：EDTA莫耳比1：0.5，PEI結合Cd(EDTA)之吸附曲線..........50
圖 31：pH7，PEI結合Cd(II)/NTA之吸附曲線........................................................52
圖 32：pH6，PEI結合Cd(II)/NTA之吸附曲線........................................................53
圖 33：pH5，PEI結合Cd(II)/NTA之吸附曲線........................................................53
圖 34：pH4，PEI結合Cd(II)/NTA之吸附曲線........................................................54
圖 35：pH3，PEI結合Cd(II)/NTA之吸附曲線........................................................54
圖 36：存在不同螯合劑對於酸化回收之影響........................................................57
圖 37：不同pH值Cd(II)/EDTA與PEI分離效率.......................................................58

表目錄
表 1：不同金屬污染物處理技術優缺點比較............................................................7
表 2：不同官能基所對應的聚電解質......................................................................11
表 3：各種聚電解質與金屬結合所對應的結合機制..............................................13
表 4：不同聚電解質的負載容量及結合金屬所用的官能基數目..........................19
表 5：實驗藥品..........................................................................................................20
表 6：金屬與聚合物混合後pH值變化.....................................................................33
表 7：不同pH值PEI結合Cd2+金屬之吸附曲線q200及k值.......................................43
表 8：不同pH值PEI結合Cd(II)/EDTA (1：1)金屬之吸附曲線q200及k值..............47
表 9：不同pH值PEI結合Cd(II)/EDTA (1：0.5)金屬之吸附曲線q200及k值...........51
表 10：不同pH值PEI結合Cd(II)/NTA (1：1)金屬之吸附曲線q200及k值..............55

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