系統識別號 | U0002-1406201909543600 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2019.00340 |
論文名稱(中文) | 語料驅動學習:複合學習模式在英語為外語課堂的運用:以假設語氣文法為例 |
論文名稱(英文) | Learning Conditional Clauses with Data-Driven Learning: Integrated Learning Mode Implemented in EFL Classes in Taiwan |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 課程與教學研究所碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Graduate Institute of Curriculum and Instruction |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 107 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 108 |
研究生(中文) | 王睿賢 |
研究生(英文) | Rui Sian Wang |
學號 | 604750249 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 英文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2019-06-11 |
論文頁數 | 123頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
林銘輝
委員 - 張月霞 委員 - 林進瑛 |
關鍵字(中) |
語料驅動學習 英文假設語氣 文法翻譯法 部分遠距教學 |
關鍵字(英) |
Data-Driven Learning English Conditional Clauses Grammar-Translation Method Semi-Distance Education |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
在過去的數十年中,已經有許多關於語料驅動學習(Data-Driven Learning; DDL)的實證研究證實了DDL的效果;然而,現時的研究調查大多主要在研究DDL用於教授相對固定的語言結構的成效,對於DDL在相對抽象的語法教學(如假設語氣)的功效所知甚少。為了彌平研究缺口,且更全面地評估DDL的成效,本研究對臺灣兩組大學一年級的EFL學生進行了實證比較,他們分別進入以DDL或文法翻譯法(Grammar-Translation Method; GTM)教學的兩種課堂,以實體課程搭配遠距教學活動的方式(部分遠距教學模式),學習英文假設語氣的四種條件句。兩組學生在語法上的表現透過前測、後測和延遲後測檢驗,然後透過SPSS的相依樣本t檢定和獨立樣本t檢定進行分析。研究結果指出,兩組學生均顯著改善了他們英文假設語氣的文法使用能力。DDL的表現優於GTM,但DDL的成就測驗分數在延遲後測中退步地比GTM多,由此可推測,DDL可以幫助學習者提高語法能力,但GTM有助於長期表現的發展。在學習動機與自我效能方面,GTM在實驗介入後有統計學上的提升,而DDL則持平,這反映出臺灣學生在某種程度上仍然習慣於GTM等類型的傳統演繹教學法。建議未來的教育工作者在使用DDL或GTM教學時可以權衡兩種方法的優、缺點。 |
英文摘要 |
Over the past decades, many empirical studies have been conducted and thrown evidence in support of DDL’s efficacy in general. However, current investigations have mostly been performed to examine the effects of DDL on relatively fixed linguistic patterns. Little has been known about DDL’s efficacy on relatively abstract grammatical rules, such as conditional clauses. To fill this research gap so as to assess the effects of DLL in a fuller degree, this study carried out an empirical comparison between two groups of first-year Taiwanese EFL students who were taught four types of conditional clauses, separately with either DDL or GTM, integrated with distance learning activities. Both groups’ performances in grammar was examined by using pre-, post- and delayed post-tests and then analyzed by means of paired-sample and independent-sample t-tests in SPSS. The results indicated that both groups significantly improved their use of English conditional clauses. DDL outperformed GTM, but DDL’s scores regressed more than GTM’s did in the delayed post-test, which was believed that DDL could help for learners’ grammar improvement, whereas GTM could help with long-term performance. In terms of learners’ motivation and self-efficacy, GTM had statistical gains after the treatment, whereas DDL stayed at the same level, which reflected the fact that to some extent, Taiwanese students are still accustomed to conventional deductive approaches, such as the GTM used here in this study. Future educators may like to weigh the pros and cons of both methods when using either of them. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I CHINESE ABSTRACT III ENGLISH ABSTRACT IV TABLE OF CONTENTS V LIST OF TABLES VIII LIST OF FIGURES X LIST OF APPENDICES XI CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of the Study 7 1.3 Significance of the Study 8 1.4 Definition of Terms 8 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Data-Driven Learning in the EFL Context 10 2.1.1 Practice and Development of Data-Driven Learning 10 2.1.2 Shortcomings Found in Practice of DDL Approach 13 2.2 Distance and Semi-Distance Education 14 2.2.1 Development of Distance Education 14 2.2.2 The Inception of Semi-Distance Education and Its Practice in Taiwan 16 CHAPTER THREE METHODS 18 3.1 Research Questions 18 3.2 Participants 19 3.3 Research Procedure 19 3.4 Treatments 21 3.5 Grammar Achievement Tests 29 3.5.1 Quality of the Pre-Test 29 3.5.2 Quality of the Post-Test 35 3.6 Learning Motivation and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire 41 3.6.1 Item Analysis 42 3.6.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis 44 3.6.3 Reliability Analysis 46 3.7 Instruction Evaluation Survey 47 3.8 Data Analysis 47 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS 49 4.1 Grammar Achievement Tests 49 4.1.1 40-item Grammar Achievement Tests 49 4.1.2 18-item Grammar Achievement Tests 51 4.2 Delayed Post Grammar Achievement Tests 54 4.2.1 40-item Delayed Post Grammar Achievement Tests 54 4.2.2 18-item Delayed Post Grammar Achievement Tests 56 4.3 Learning Motivation and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire 58 4.4 Instruction Evaluation Survey 64 4.4.1 Quantitative Results 64 4.4.2 Qualitative Results 73 CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 85 5.1 Discussion 85 5.2 Limitation of the Study and Suggestions for Future Studies 87 5.3 Implications for Teachers 88 5.3.1 Implications for GTM Teachers 88 5.3.2 Implications for DDL Teachers 88 5.4 Conclusion 89 REFERENCES 91 APPENDICES 97 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.5.1 Item Analysis for the YNQ in the Pre-Test 31 Table 3.5.2 Item Analysis for the MCQ in the Pre-Test 32 Table 3.5.3 Item Analysis for the Selected YNQ in the Pre-Test 33 Table 3.5.4 Item Analysis for the Selected MCQ in the Pre-Test 34 Table 3.5.5 Reliability Analysis for the Pre-Test 35 Table 3.5.6 Item Analysis for the YNQ in the Post-Test 37 Table 3.5.7 Item Analysis for the MCQ in the Post-Test 38 Table 3.5.8 Item Analysis for the Selected YNQ in the Post-Test 39 Table 3.5.9 Item Analysis for the Selected MCQ in the Post-Test 40 Table 3.5.10 Reliability Analysis for the Post-Test 41 Table 3.6.1 Item Analysis on Learning Motivation and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire 43 Table 3.6.2 Reliability Statistics on LMSE Questionnaire 44 Table 3.6.3 KMO and Bartlett's Test 44 Table 3.6.4 Report Summary of LMSE Questionnaire 45 Table 3.6.5 Reliability Analysis Results of the Subscales by Cronbach’s Alpha 46 Table 4.1.1 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Pre-test Grammar Exam 49 Table 4.1.2 Descriptive Statistics of Both Groups in the Pre- and Post-test 50 Table 4.1.3 Paired-Sample t-Test of Both Groups’ Pre- and Post-test 50 Table 4.1.4 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Post-test Grammar Exam 51 Table 4.1.5 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Pre-test Grammar Exam 52 Table 4.1.6 Descriptive Statistics of Both Groups in the Pre- and Post-test 52 Table 4.1.7 Paired-Sample t-Test of Both Groups’ Pre- and Post-test 53 Table 4.1.8 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Post-test Grammar Exam 53 Table 4.2.1 Descriptive Statistics of Both Groups in the Tests 54 Table 4.2.2 Paired-Sample t-Test of Both Groups’ Pre-, Post-, Delayed Post-test 55 Table 4.2.3 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Delayed Post-test 55 Table 4.2.4 Descriptive Statistics of Both Groups in the Tests 56 Table 4.2.5 Paired-Sample t-Test of Both Groups’ Pre-, Post-, Delayed Post-test 57 Table 4.2.6 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Delayed Post-test 57 Table 4.3.1 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Pre-test 58 Table 4.3.2 Descriptive Statistical Results of SPSS 59 Table 4.3.3 Paired-Sample t-Test of DDL’s Pre- and Post-test 60 Table 4.3.4 Descriptive Statistical Results of SPSS 61 Table 4.3.5 Paired-Sample t-Test of GTM’s Pre- and Post-test 62 Table 4.3.6 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Post-test 63 Table 4.4.1 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ First Survey (TYPE 0) 65 Table 4.4.2 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Second Survey (TYPE I) 66 Table 4.4.3 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Third Survey (TYPE II) 67 Table 4.4.4 Independent t-Test of Both Groups’ Fourth Survey (TYPE III) 68 Table 4.4.5 Mean Scores and SD of Both Groups’ Surveys in Each Dimension 69 Table 4.4.6 Open Codes Generated from GTM’s Q1 in Survey 74 Table 4.4.7 Positive and Negative Codes of GTM’s Q1 in Survey 75 Table 4.4.8 Open Codes Generated from DDL’s Q1 in Survey 76 Table 4.4.9 Positive and Negative Codes of DDL’s Q1 in Survey 77 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1.1 An Example Unit of the Components of Sentences in a Textbook 3 Figure 1.1.2 A Sample of DDL Unit 4 Figure 3.3.1 Research Flow Diagram 20 Figure 3.4.1 Online Preview Material for GTM Class 22 Figure 3.4.2 Online Preview Material for DDL Class 23 Figure 3.4.3 Sample Exercise Questions 24 Figure 3.4.4 Material Used in GTM Class 26 Figure 3.4.5 Material Used in DDL Class 28 Figure 4.4.1 Two Group’s Means of Total in the Four Surveys 70 Figure 4.4.2 Two Group’s Means of TTA Dimension in Four Surveys 71 Figure 4.4.3 Two Group’s Means of TM Dimension in Four Surveys 72 Figure 4.4.4 Two Group’s Means of LM Dimension in Four Surveys 72 Figure 4.4.5 Two Group’s Means of LE Dimension in Four Surveys 73 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: The User Interface of Moodle Platform 97 Appendix B: Materials for GTM (Type Zero, I, II and III) 100 Appendix C: Materials for DDL (Type Zero, I, II and III) 104 Appendix D: A Sample Operating Process of Online Grammar Exercises 108 Appendix E: Grammar Achievement Pre-Test 111 Appendix F: Grammar Achievement Post-Test 113 Appendix G: Learning Motivation and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire 115 Appendix H: Instruction Evaluation Survey 118 Appendix I: Instruction Evaluation Survey Results (Survey 1) 120 Appendix J: Instruction Evaluation Survey Results (Survey 2) 121 Appendix K: Instruction Evaluation Survey Results (Survey 3) 122 Appendix L: Instruction Evaluation Survey Results (Survey 4) 123 |
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