由於高科技武器裝備昂貴，加上戰場上聯合作戰的複雜度皆未能達成戰術人員最佳訓練效果與實兵之成本效益，因此，使用模擬系統來進行模擬已成為各國軍事訓練之趨勢。在電腦軟硬體與網路系統快速的發展下，傳統獨立執行的模擬系統已發展成與高速網路結合之分散式模擬系統架構，基於異質系統間互動與重複使用概念，先進國家之軍事模擬系統已改成以高階模擬架構(HLA)為主之系統設計。然而許多過去沿用至今之模擬系統，多屬於主從式之封閉架構，且現行各種模擬系統相容性不高，鑒於系統性能之提升，本研究提出在維持原功能與既有基礎上，融合HLA概念之性能提升研究，以能突破原有限制，具有互動與重複使用能力。藉由架構之轉移，達到新舊系統整合之優點與資源的有效利用，並與其他系統相連結以建構出一套完整的電腦模擬訓練系統。

Due to the skyrocketing expense of high-tech weapons and the complexity of joint warfare in the battlefield, the military exercise cannot reach the cost effectiveness of best combat personnel training, using computer war-game system to simulate the combat scenario is inevitable trend for military training in the future. With the rapid development of computer hardware and internet, traditional independently executive simulation system has developed into distributed interactive simulation systems combined with high speed internet. With the concept of reusability and interoperability, many developed countries have already completed their military simulation system by integrating or starting with HLA architecture design in terms of their ageing and new training systems. However, most existed systems were designed by the client-server architecture. This paper try to present a way to upgrade an ageing Training Simulation System (TSS) by merging HLA concept into the preliminary design in order to promote a system with the up-to-date architecture, which will make breakthroughs the original limitations and provide the capability of interact and reusable for being part of large-scale military joint warfare exercise simulation.

第1章 、緒  論1
1.1、 研究動機1
1.2、 研究方向2
1.3、 研究方法3
1.4、 論文架構4
第2章 、相關文獻5
2.1、 分散式互動模擬(Distributed Interactive Simulation, DIS)5
2.2、 高階模擬架構(High Level Architecture, HLA)簡介7
2.2.1、 HLA架構標準7
2.2.2、 HLA環境下的定義名詞8
2.2.3、 RunTime Infrastructure (RTI)9
2.2.4、 Federation的發展步驟20
2.3、 統一塑模語言(Unified Modeling Language, UML)簡介21
2.3.1、 4+1觀點22
2.3.2、 UML圖形簡介23
第3章 、訓練模擬系統分析26
3.1、 訓練模擬系統前置設定26
3.2、 訓練模擬系統執行流程說明28
3.2.1、 Step1：開啟操演環境28
3.2.2、 Step2：建立資料傳輸連線28
3.2.3、 Step3：如何傳遞訊息32
3.2.4、 Step4：關閉操演36
3.3、 訓練模擬系統執行流程圖36
第4章 、新舊系統架構比較39
4.1、 系統架構分析39
4.2、 HLA-Based修改41
4.2.1、 通訊修改41
4.2.2、 APP修改42
第5章 、HLA架構下之執行流程45
5.1、 Exercise Initialization Setting階段45
5.2、 Execution Time階段47
5.3、 End Exercise階段48
第6章 、結  論49
參考文獻51
附錄-英文論文53

圖目錄
圖 2-1 HLA之基本架構圖8
圖 2-2 RTI架構示意圖9
圖 2-3 RTI與Federates示意圖10
圖 2-4 Federate與Federation的互動情形11
圖 2-5 六大模組之執行階段12
圖 2-6 Federation Management(Federation Execution)13
圖 2-7 Declaration Management(Object Declaration)14
圖 2-8 Declaration Management(Interaction Declaration)16
圖 2-9 Object Management(Attribute Value Update)17
圖 2-10 Object Management(Object Registration)18
圖 2-11 Object Management(Exchanging Interactions)19
圖 2-12 FEDEP的發展20
圖 2-13 4+1觀點及使用圖形23
圖 2-14 UML 2.0圖形分類圖24
圖 3-1 Host_Manager畫面擷取26
圖 3-2 Consoles.config畫面擷取27
圖 3-3 Choose Exercise Name畫面擷取29
圖 3-4 Trainees Craft Allocation畫面擷取29
圖 3-5 Exercise Communication Plan畫面擷取30
圖 3-6 Voice Communication Units Allocation畫面擷取30
圖 3-7 Plotting Boards and Electronic Display/Units Allocation畫面擷取31
圖 3-8 SACU Allocation畫面擷取31
圖 3-9 RMPG Mechanism33
圖 3-10 訊息傳遞與接收流程35
圖 3-11 TSS系統流程圖37
圖 4-1 TSS系統架構39
圖 4-2 HLA-Based系統架構40
圖 4-3 TSS APP模組與HLA-Based APP模組比較圖43
圖 5-1 Exercise Initialization Setting45
圖 5-2 Federate訂閱與發佈過程46
圖 5-3 Execution Time47
圖 5-4 End Exercise48

表目錄
表 2-1 SOM與FOM說明8
表 2-2 UML三項組合要素21
表 3-1 Control_Message Type32
表 3-2 Message Destination資訊34
表 3-3 訊息的種類說明35
表 3-4 封包的格式35
表 4-1 TTC_MANAGER與FedExec對照表40
表 4-2 APP介紹42

[1]Bodoh, D. J. and F. Wieland, Performance Experiments with the High Level Architecture and the Total Airport and Airspace Model (TAAM). Proceedings of the 17th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation, 2003
[2]Claude Van Ham, Trevor Pearce, "The SIP-RTI: An HLA RTI Implementation Supporting Interoperability", 10th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, Spain, 2006
[3]Frederick K., Richard W., and Judith D., Creating computer simulation systems : An Introduction to the High Level Architecture, Prentice Hall,2000
[4]High Level Architecture(simulation), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_level_architecture_(simulation)
[5]IEEE Std 1278.1-1995, IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive Simulation -- Application Protocols. New York, NY, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
[6]IEEE Std 1516-2000, IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M&S) High Level Architecture (HLA) -- Framework and Rules. New York, NY, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
[7]IEEE Std 1516.2-2000, IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M&S) High Level Architecture (HLA) -- Object Model Template (OMT) Specification. New York, NY, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
[8]IEEE Std 1516.3-2000, IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M&S) High Level Architecture (HLA) -- Interface Specification. New York, NY, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
[9]J. Dahmann, R.M. Fujimoto, and R.M. Weatherly, "High Level Architecture for Simulation: an update", Winter Simulation Conference, December 1998
[10]J. Y. C Raczy, G Tan, SC Tay, R Ayani, "Adaptive data distribution management for HLA RTI," Proceedings of 2002 European Simulation Interoperability, 2002
[11]Li Zengxiang, Wentong Cai, Stephen J Turner, and Pan Ke, “Federate Migration in a Service Oriented HLA RTI”, Procs of 11th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT 2007), pp.113-121, Crete Island, Greece, Oct 2007
[12]R.M. Fujimoto , Distributed simulation systems, Winter Simulation Conference, December 2003, pp. 124-134
[13]Run-Time Infrastructure(simulation), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime_infrastructure
[14]Thomas A. Pender, "UML教學手冊", 博碩文化股份有, 2003
[15]王維泉, "RTI規格相容之模擬器電腦系統的設計",淡江大學資訊工程學系碩士論文, 台北, 1997
[16]王耀聰, 林進燈, "以高階分散式網路架構實踐多人飛行模擬訓練系統之建置", 國立交通大學電機與控制學系碩士畢業論文, 2002
[17]吳仁和, "物件導向系統分析與設計：結合MDA與UML", 二版, 智勝, 台北, 2007
[18]李銘哲, "具時間管理特性的HLA federate類別程式庫之研究與設計", 淡江大學資訊工程學系碩士論文, 台北, 2004
[19]邱文信, "HLA模擬演習環境的設計流程研究", 淡江大學資訊工程學系碩士論文, 台北, 1999
[20]邱志誠, "PIM塑模方法論之研究", 國立中山大學資管所碩士論文, 高雄, 2007
[21]張裕益, "UML理論與實作-個案研討與經驗分享", 博碩文化股份有限公司, 2002
[22]郭惠民, "淺談UML", http://www.iiiedu.org.tw/knowledge/knowledge20031231_2.htm
[23]蒙國維, "針對即時飛行模擬實作一個符合高階模擬架構之應用層閘道", 逢甲大學資訊工程學系碩士論文, 台中, 2006
[24]製造資訊與商業智慧研究室, http://140.124.77.80/intro_UML.htm