隨著網路科技的快速發展，一直有新的技術與規範、協定被提出，像是新型態的網路架構 - 軟體定義網路(SDN)的出現，在硬體設備也不斷的進步下，對使用者來說在使用網路上會有明顯的感受出現，相對串流媒體而言，也有很深的影響，代表可以提供使用者更好的網路服務品質。
但是依舊存在著一些問題，雖然現今的網路服務有Quality of Service(QoS)與SDN、OpenFlow協定，可以讓我們輕易地取得整體網路的資訊，並有效的分配網路資源，不過還是無法解決網路壅塞的問題。目前已知有好的路由演算法，可以來解決網路問題，但是這種傳輸方式在面對更大量的服務要求時，會因為整體網路呈現壅塞並且硬體設備無法負荷的狀況下，無法提供較好的服務品質保證。
再者加上虛擬化技術的蓬勃發展，於是European Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI)提出網路功能虛擬化 (NFV)來解決相關的網路問題，並制定出一套完整NFV的規範，我們可以藉由NFV將網路功能虛擬化在非網路硬體專用的硬體設備上，在網路上去做動態配置，來解決以往網路設備難以管理和即時處理網路設備的問題，並且在不增加成本的情況下，做到擴充網路資源的功能。
因此在本文中，我們提出結合SDN與NFV並能保證QoS的負載平衡機制，該機制將會自動檢視整體網路狀況，並依不同情況重整網路資源、重新分配路由路徑或是啟動NFV中的VNF-server，藉此調整整體網路的負載，以提供更好的網路服務環境與服務品質。

With the rapid development of network technology, many new techniques, protocols, and standards have been proposed, like the new state of the network architecture - the emergence of software-defined networking (SDN). Moreover, with the continuous improvement of hardware devices capability, it also has a deep impact on users’ experience of watching media streaming on Internet, that is, the network environment now can provide users with better network service quality to fulfill users’ requirements. 
However, there are still some problems in present network environment. Although today's network can provide services with certain quality under the SDN architecture and OpenFlow protocols, that is, the system can easily obtain the information of the whole network and effectively allocate network resources, but it still cannot solve the problem of network congestion.
In addition, with the rapid development of virtualization technology, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) proposed Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to solve related network problems and develop a complete NFV specification. Hence, we can use NFV to support hardware virtualization for dynamically providing the required network functions, to solve the problem that network devices are difficult to manage and process network devices in real time, and to expand network resources without increasing costs.
Therefore, in this paper, we propose two mechanisms that based on SDN and NFV to provide streaming service with QoS and load balance, and the mechanisms can automatically check the overall network status, reorganize network resources, redistribute routing paths or start VNF-server in NFV according to different situations. In this way, the overall network traffic load can be adjusted to provide a network service with better quality.

目錄
致謝	I
中文摘要	II
英文摘要	III
第一章	緒論	1
1.1	前言	1
1.2	動機與目的	2
1.3	論文章節架構	4
第二章	相關研究與背景資料	5
2.1 	Software-Defined Networking(SDN)	5
2.2 	OpenFlow	7
2.3 	Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)	8
2.4 	SDN and NFV combination	10
2.5 	Self-Adaptive Network QoS Routing Mechanism	12
第三章	NFV負載平衡機制	15
3.1 	節點與路徑負載分配	16
3.2	 負載平衡機制	18
3.2.1 	啟動VNF機制	19
3.2.2 	刪除機制	30
第四章	模擬結果與效能分析	31
4.1 	模擬內容	31
4.2 	實驗I-LBRM套用TTM	33
4.2.1 	模擬環境與情境	34
4.2.2 	數據與分析	34
4.2.3 	網路震盪	43
4.3 	實驗II-LBRM套用STTM	45
4.3.1 	數據與分析	45
4.4 	實驗III-QoSRM套用TTM	52
4.4.1 	數據與分析	52
4.5 	實驗IV- QoSRM套用STTM	59
4.5.1 	數據與分析	59
4.6 	實驗V-多個VNF-server	65
4.6.1 	模擬環境與情境	65
4.6.2 	數據與分析	66
第五章	結論與未來展望	72
參考文獻	73
 
圖目錄
圖2.1軟體定義網路架構	6
圖2.2 NFV架構	9
圖3.1 模擬環境拓樸圖	16
圖 3.2 TTM流程圖	20
圖3.3 TTM啟動前	21
圖3.4 TTM啟動前-LOAD BALANCE	22
圖3.5 TTM啟動後~關閉前	23
圖3.6 TTM關閉後	23
圖3.7 網路震盪	24
圖3.8 STTM流程圖	26
圖3.9 STTM啟動前	27
圖3.10 STTM啟動後	27
圖3.11 STTM關閉前-關閉後	28
圖3.12 啟動節點	29
圖4.1 拓樸圖	31
圖4.2依序提供服務圖	35
圖4.3LOAD BALANCE前啟動狀態	37
圖4.4搬移VIDEO並重新路由	40
圖4.5 VNF-SERVER狀態	40
圖4.6 拓樸圖	65

 
表目錄
表3.1路徑負載參數	17
表4.1 服務頻寬負載	32
表4.2 LB-NFV TTM 啟動前	35
表4.3LB-NFV TTM 啟動後	38
表4.4 LB-NFV TTM 關閉前	41
表4.5LB-NFV TTM 關閉後	42
表4.6網路震盪狀態	44
表4.7 LB-NFV STTM 啟動前	46
表4.8 LB-NFV STTM 啟動後	48
表4.9 LB-NFV STTM關閉前	50
表4.10 LB-NFV STTM 關閉後	51
表4.11 QOS-NFV TTM啟動前	53
表4.12 QOS-NFV TTM啟動後	55
表4.13QOS-NFV TTM關閉前	57
表4.14QOS-NFV TTM關閉後	58
表4.15QOS-NFV STTM啟動前	60
表4.16QOS-NFV STTM啟動後	62
表4.17QOS-NFV STTM關閉前	63
表4.18QOS-NFV STTM關閉後	64
表4.19 PART1	67
表4.19 PART2	69
表4.19 PART3	71

[1]	Open Networking Foundation, “Software-Defined Networking: The New Norm for Networks”, April 2012.
[2]	Network function virtualization (NFV). Retrieved from:
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_function_virtualization)
[3]	Software-Defined Networking. Retrieved from:
(https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10197629)
[4]	Network Functions Virtualization. Retrieved from:
(https://wimade.wordpress.com/2016/05/09/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%8C%96network-functions-virtualization-nfv/)
[5]	Narjes T. Jahromi, Sami Yangui, Adel Larabi, Daniel Smith, Mohammad A. Salahuddin, Roch H.Glitho, Richard Brunner, Halima Elbiaze(2017). NFV and SDN-based Cost-efficient and Agile Valueadded Video Services Provisioning in Content Delivery Networks，IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC) .
[6]	QingtianWang, Junli Xue, Guochu Shou, Yaqiong Liu, Yihong Hu, Zhigang Guo(2017). Implementation of multipath network virtualization scheme with SDN and NFV，IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) .
[7]	Pei-Shan, Chen (2017). A NFV-based Scheduling and Flexible Deployment Scheme for RaaS Functions in Cloud Data Centers (Master’s Thesis, Chung Hsing University, Taiwan). 
[8]	Bo-Rui, Chen (2017). Design and Implementation of An Orchestration System to Support Optimal Placement and Routing for VNF Service Chaining in NFV/SDN Cloud Center (Master’s Thesis, Chung Cheng University, Chiayi , Taiwan).
[9]	Chien-Ying, Huang (2017). A Hierarchical-Datacenter Architecture Integrating SDN-NFV Data, Control and Management Planes(Master’s Thesis, Chung Cheng University, Chiayi , Taiwan).
[10]	Kui-Rong, Chen (2017). Self-Adaptive Network QoS Routing Mechanism (Master’s Thesis, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan).
[11]	OSPF, Retrieved from: 
(https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/OSPF-Open-Shortest-Path-First)
[12]	Wei-Chun, Cheng (2016). Quality aware routing for video streaming over SDN (Master’s Thesis, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan).
[13]	Mininet Retrieved from:
(https://sites.google.com/site/sdnruantidingyiwanglu/vmware-xia-zai-yu-an-zhuang/mininet)
[14]	OpenFlow Switch Retrieved from: 
(https://www.cnblogs.com/zxqstrong/p/4897433.html)
[15]	RYU Retrieved from: 
(https://ting-kuan.blog/2018/04/12/%E3%80%90ryu-controller-%E9%81%8B%E4%BD%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E3%80%91/)
[16]	Iperf, Retrieved from: (http://iperf.fr/)