俄羅斯女性擁有獨特的政治參與路徑。從蘇聯時期十月革命後，俄羅斯掀起了一波女性權益以及女性參政的浪潮。俄羅斯女性經歷過社會共產主義所賦予的女性權益，這與西方女性自行爭取權益不同。現今的俄羅斯在女性政治區塊上離國際平均有極大的差距。除了政治參與以外，俄羅斯在其他女性權益的面相達到了國際水平。由於俄羅斯男尊女卑文化背景，加上蘇聯時期俄羅斯政治參與的興起與制度，影響現今的俄羅斯女性政治參與樣貌。 
   因此，本文查考不同俄羅斯女性政治參，並且分析現今俄羅斯女性政治參與低落的因素為何，俄羅斯女性在俄羅斯政治領域裡扮演甚麼樣的角色，以及影響俄羅斯女性參與的因素有那些等。

Russian women have a unique path of political participation. Since the October Revolution, there has been a wave of women’s rights and women’s participation in politics in Russia. Russian women have experienced the rights of women endowed by communism, which is different from the rights of Western women to fight for their own rights. Today's Russia has a huge gap in female politics from the international average, while Russia has reached international standards in other aspects of women's rights. Due to Russia’s gender cultural and the origin system of Russian political participation in the Soviet Union, modern Russian women's political participation is affected.
    Therefore, the thesis examines Russian women's political participation at different periods, and analyzes the factors of the current low political participation of Russian women, the role of Russian women in the political arena, as well as the factors that influence the participation of Russian women.

第一章 緒論	1
第一節 研究動機與目的	1
第二節 研究途徑與方法	4
第三節 研究範圍與限制	11
第四節 文獻檢視	12
第五節 章節安排	20
第二章 理論架構	23
第一節 女性政治參與	23
第二節 女性政治參與的意義	27
第三節 女性政治參與和社會地位評估標準	29
第三章 俄羅斯婦女角色與地位	32
第一節 俄羅斯婦女在傳統文化中的地位	33
第二節 貴族婦女的參政行為探討	38
第三節 俄羅斯婦女地位與角色的轉變	41
第四章 蘇聯時期的女性政治參與	46
第一節 蘇聯政府對女性的角色與地位影響	46
第二節 蘇聯時期的女性政治參與	59
第三節 戈巴契夫的改革與俄羅斯女性參政之變遷	69
第五章 俄羅斯女性的政治參與	74
第一節 女性的角色與地位	75
第二節 俄羅斯女性政治參與	78
第三節 普丁時代下的女性	83
第六章 結論	90
參考文獻	93

圖 1 2017年俄羅斯4項性別平等指標數據分析	2
圖 2 比列吉尼亞-斯拉夫女神	33
圖 3 女性服從地位	36
圖 4 和男人一起反抗	51
圖 5 母親英雄	54
圖 6 榮耀婦女建設社會主義	58
圖 7 1993-2016年俄羅斯立法機構中婦女的比例	81
圖 8 1990-2018年女性國會議員比例	88
表 1女性低階工作人數統計	50
表 2農業參與人數	52
表 3 女性黨員比率與中央委員會比率	67
表 4婦女黨得票數	80
表 5俄羅斯女姓政治菁英	84

書籍資料
石之渝、權湘(1995)，女性主義的政治批判：誰的知識？誰的國家？，頁29~50，台北市：中正書局。
吳小英(2000)，「科學、文學與性別:女性主義的詮釋」， 頁28~32，北京:中國社會科學出版社。
何景榮，「政治研究方法」，頁35~38，新北市：韋伯文化國際出版有限公司。
庄福龄(1999)，簡明馬克思主義史，頁15~22，北京市 : 人民出版社
謝國斌(2011)，政治學概論，頁160~164，台灣: 洪葉文化。

譯本
卡爾·柯爾施(1993)，熊子云、翁廷真譯，馬克思主義的理論和階級運動，頁3~5，重慶市:重慶出版社
科林·海伊(2008)，徐子婷譯，政治學分析的途徑，頁183~159，新北市:韋伯文化國際書局。
科林·海伊(2008)，徐子婷譯，「政治學分析的途徑」，頁183~159，新北市:韋伯文化國際書局
雪維安．愛嘉辛斯基(2005)，吳靜宜譯，「性別政治」，頁3~19，新北市：桂冠書局 。
凱特‧米利特，宋文偉譯，「性政治」，頁32~37，南京：江蘇人民出版社 。
Burnham, Peter, Gilland, Karin, Gran,t Wyn, Zig, Henry著(2008)，何景榮譯，「政治研究方法」，頁35~38，新北市：韋伯文化國際出版有限公司。

期刊
何萍(2010)，「從《治家格言》(Domostroi)看 16-17 世紀 俄國服務紳士的家庭管理」，《成大歷史學報》，(第38期)。
游美惠(2002)，「身體、性別與性教育：女性主義的觀點」，女學學誌：婦女與性別研究，第十四期:頁81~117
郭秋永(1992)，「政治參與的意義，方法論上的分析」，人文及社會科學期刊，第五卷第一期:頁173~211。
嚴祥鸞(1997)，「訪談的倫理和政治－女性主義社會學者的自我反思」，婦女與兩性學刊，第八期:頁199~220。

論文
李鴻儀(2013)，「普丁時期俄國婦女地位之研究」，政治大學俄羅斯研究所學位論文碩士班。
林淑娟(2001)，「婦女參與公共事務影響因素之分析」，頁12~15，國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。
周碧娥(2006)，「女性公民權與台灣政治民主化」，台北：東吳大學碩士論文。頁5~9 
孫羽佳（2013），「馬克思女性思想視域下的當代西方女權主義」，黑龍江科技大學馬克思主義學院碩士論文，頁29~32。10
許瑞娟(2007)，「俄國「新女性」型塑之文化過程:1861~1936」，政治大學俄羅斯研究所學位論文碩士班。
薛立琦(1998)，「俄羅斯婦女政治地位之研究」，淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士學位論文。

網路資料
王宏維，「衡量性別平等的GDI與GEM」，人民網，http://theory.people.com.cn/BIG5/49154/49156/4135010.html （最後瀏覽日：2008年3月2日）。
曲宏歌，「馬克思主義婦女理論對推動婦女參政的意義」，人民網http://theory.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/0823/c40531-18809731.html（最後瀏覽日：2017年12月22日）。
梁坤，「俄羅斯文學傳統中女性崇拜的宗教文化淵源」，中國社會科學網，http://www.cssn.cn/gj/gj_gjwtyj/gj_elsdozy/201311/t20131101_820446.shtml （最後瀏覽日：2008年3月4日）。

(官方文件)
聯合國婦女屬，陳依靖、余亞玟、余斯敏、陳怡文摘譯，「聯合國婦女署「2015年性別平等大事記」」，婦女聯合網站，http://www.iwomenweb.org.tw/cp.aspx?n=8A4C85A02F51C648 （最後瀏覽日：2017年12月22日）。

貳、英文
書籍資料
Burnham, Peter, Gilland, Karin, Grant, Wyn, Zig, Henry, Lapidus, Gail (2008),Women in Soviet Society: Equality, Development, and Social Change,California: University of California Press.
Clements, Barbara (2012), A History of Women in Russia, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Chandler, Andrea (2013), Democracy, Gender, and Social Policy in Russia A Wayward Society, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Dobrenko, Evgeny, Naiman, Eric (2001), The Landscape of Stalinism: The Art and Ideology of Soviet Space, Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Goldberg, Ruthchild (1993), Women in Russia and the Soviet Union: An Annotated Bibliography. G.K. Hall.
Horsbrugh-Porter, Anna (1993), Memories of Revolution: Russian Women Remember, London: Routledge.
Hutton, Marcelline (2014), “Marcelline J. Hutton,” Slavic Review, Vol. 61, No. 4.
Ilic, Melanie (2001), Women in the Stalin era, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ilic, Melanie, Reid, Susan, Attwood, Lynne (2004), Women in the Khrushchev Era, Britain: Palgrave Macmillan.
Johnson, Janet (2018), The Gender of Informal Politics Russia, Iceland and Twenty-First Century Male Dominance, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kay, Rebecca (2000), Russian Women and their Organizations, London: Macmillan Press.
McDermi, Jane (1999), Midwives of the Revolution: female Bolsheviks and women workers in 191, London: UCL Press.
Moskoff, William (1992), Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, Place of publication: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Noonan, Norma, Rule, Wilma (1996), Russian Women in Politics and Society (Contributions in Women's Studies), Westport: Greenwood.
Noonan, Norma, Nechemias, Carol (eds.) (2001), Encyclopedia of Russian Women’s Movements, Westport: Greenwood.
Patterson, Jane (2011), “Red ‘Teaspoons of Charity’: Zhenotdel, the Communist Party and Russian Women, 1919-1930,” Ph.D. Philosophy, Department of History University of Toronto.
Sinha, Niroj (2007), Empowerment of Women Through Political Participation, Satyawati Nagar: Kalpaz Publications.
Sperling, Valerie. Organizing Women in Contemporary Russia: Engendering Transition. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999.
Sperling,Valerie (2015), Sex, Politics, and Putin: Political Legitimacy in Russia, London: Oxford University Press.
Stites, Richard. The Women's Liberation Movement in Russia: Feminism, Nihilism, and Bolshevism, 1860-1930. Princeton Univ. Press, 1991.
Seckin, Ecem (2014), “Women in Post-Soviet Russia,” Ph.D. Master of Arts in Eurasian Studies, Middle East Technical University.
Tarusina, Nadezhda, Isaeva, Elena , “Russian Family Law Legislation: Revolution, Counter-Revolution, Evolution,” BRICS Law Journal, Volume IV (2017) Issue 4.
Vogel, Lise (1983), Marxism and the Oppression of Women: Toward a Unitary Theory, Place of London: Brill.

期刊
Khosravi, Mohammad, “Marxist feminism and postmodernism,” Journal of Language and Culture, Vol.1(3). November, 2010.
Kapoor, Nivedita, “Women in the Duma: Why Post-Soviet Russia Has Low Female Representation? A view from India.,” Сравнительный Анализ Локального Опыта, 23 2 2016.
Nadezhda, Tarusina, Elena, Isaeva , “Russian Family Law Legislation: Revolution, Counter-Revolution, Evolution,” BRICS Law Journal, Volume IV (2017) Issue 4.

論文
Ecem, Seckin (2014), “Women in Post-Soviet Russia,” Ph.D. Master of Arts in Eurasian Studies, Middle East Technical University.
Jonathan, Andrew (2003), “Socialism in a far country: Stalinist population politics and the making of the Soviet Far East1929-1939,” Ph. D. Dept of History Thesis, University of Chicago. 

網路資料
Azhgikhina, Nadezhda, “Will Russia Become the Capital of World Feminism?,“ https://www2.gwu.edu/~ieresgwu/assets/docs/demokratizatsiya%20archive/03-3_Azhgikhina.PDF (Last visited：1/4/2018).
Adler, Chelsea, “Women Under Stalin A New Womanhood,”Guidedhistory, http://blogs.bu.edu/russia-and-its-empires/chelsea-adler/ (Last visited：2/4/2018).
Armitage, Susie,“Russian Women Unfurled A Feminist Banner On The Kremlin Like It Was NBD,”Buzzfeed, https://www.buzzfeed.com/susiearmitage/feminists-arrested-for-demonstrating-in-moscow-and-st-peters?utm_term=.cfMD5VN4vd#.ftOZqpRXab (Last visited：1/4/2018).
Alksnis, Irina, “A Country of Victorious Women or Why Russians Despise Feminism,”Guidedhistory, https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiA76bxzdrSAhVBPpQKHRX5BuQ4ChAWCCgwAg&url=http%3A%2F%2Frussia-insider.com%2Fen%2Fnode%2F16811&usg=AFQjCNFc9Z4y5XAZmYvCENnz3M2n14ZT8w&sig2=3a_E3qY8wtHr3J4WyeU7gw (Last visited：5/5/2018).
Barbour, Philip,” Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia,” Encyclopedia. http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mniszek-marina-c-1588-1614(Last visited：2/4/2018).
Barquero, Jessica, “The Political Participation of Women in Soviet Russia,” International Workers League – Fourth International, https://litci.org/en/the-political-participation-of-women-in-soviet-russia/ (Last visited：2/5/2018).
Cullen, Dallas,“Gendered Motivation Theory: Implications for Women in Organizations,”MNGT, http://www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/ejrot/cmsconference/1999/documents/gender/genderedmot.pdf (Last visited：3/3/2018).
Cole, Elizabeth, Sabik, Natalie, “Associations Between Femininity and Women's Political Behavior During Midlife, “WomenQuarterly, http://sites.lsa.umich.edu/ecole/wpcontent/uploads/sites/328/2015/10/cole_sabik.pdf (Last visited：2/4/2018)
Carstens, Katie,“Feminism in Russia: Confronting a Gendered Regime,“ Purdue https://web.ics.purdue.edu/~msubrama/Carstens%20Feminism%20in%20Russia-%20Confronting%20a%20Gendered%20Regime%20Final.pdf (Last visited：2/4/2018)
Cris, Martin, “Women and Revolution: Women’s Political Activism in Russia from1905-1917,” Daviscenter, https://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/sites/daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/files/Women%20and%20Revolution%20Resource%20Document_FINAL.pdf (Last visited：19/4/2018).
Edmondson, Linda, “Feminism in Russia 1900-1917, “ UCL Discovery http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317593/ (Last visited：2/4/2018)
Ferreira, Cornelia,“Feminism: Russia's Deadly Weapon Against the Family“Spxasia,http://www.sspxasia.com/Countries/Philippines/OLVC/Articles/Feminism_Russia's_Deadly_Weapon.pdf (Last visited：2/4/2018)
Fadina, Nadezhda,“Fairytale women: gender politics in Soviet and post-Soviet animated adaptations of Russian national fairytales,“ Openrepository http://uobrep.openrepository.com/uobrep/bitstream/10547/603530/1/Repository+version.pdf(Last visited：2/4/2018)
Forycki, Maciej, “A new education of women. Denis Diderot’s anatomy course project for young noble women,” Repozytorium, https://repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/bitstream/10593/13398/1/1.pdf (Last visited：5/2/2018).
Goldberg, Rochelle Ruthchild, “Misbehaving Women and the Russian Revolutions of 1917,”Aseees, http://www.aseees.org/news-events/aseees-blog-feed/misbehaving-women-and-russian-revolutions-1917 (Last visited：6/4/2018)
Herszenhorn, David, “Putin Orders Change in Election Rules,” The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/03/world/europe/putin-orders-new-system-for-russian-parliamentary-elections.html (Last visited：4/5/2018).
Herszenhorn, David, “Putin Orders Change in Election Rules,” The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/03/world/europe/putin-orders-new-system-for-russian-parliamentary-elections.html (Last visited：4/5/2018)
Hardwick, Nicola-Ann, “Reviewing the Changing Situation of Women in Russian Society,” E-International Relations, https://www.e-ir.info/2014/12/20/reviewing-the-changing-situation-of-women-in-russian-society/ (Last visited：6/2/2016).
Hrycak, Alexandra, “Foundation Feminism and the Articulation of Hybrid Feminisms in Post-Socialist Ukraine,” Reed, http://www.reed.edu/sociology/faculty/hrycak/publications/foundation_feminism.pdf (Last visited：5 /5/2018).
Hutton, Marcelline, “Review: Russian and West European Women, 1860-1939: Dreams, Struggles and Nightmares,” GoogleBook, https://books.google.com.tw/books/about/Russian_and_West_European_Women_1860_193.html?id=ngYq9FGdQt8C&redir_esc=y (Last visited：1/2/2018).
Jouravleve, Alex, “How likely is Natalia Poklonskaya to become the next President of Russia?,”Quora, https://www.quora.com/How-likely-is-Natalia-Poklonskaya-to-become-the-next-President-of-Russia (Last visited：6/2/2018).
Johnson, Janet, “Putin’s Russia promotes both women and misogyny in politics. Wait, what?,” Washingtonpost, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/11/06/putins-russia-promotes-women-and-misogyny-in-politics-wait-what/?utm_term=.cb76cbd651b8 (Last visited：6/2/2018).
Kooper, Nivedita, “Politics in post-Soviet Russia: Where are the women?” Cyberleninka. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/women-in-the-duma-why-post-soviet-russia-has-low-female-representation(Last visited：15/4/2018).
Kittilson, Caul, “Gender and Political Behavior,” Oxfordre, http://politics.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-71 (Last visited：15/4/2018).
Kavkaza, Vestnik, Lakhova, Ekaterina: “A woman is designed so that she can save family, peace, Russia,” Vestnikkavkaza, http://vestnikkavkaza.net/interviews/Ekaterina-Lakhova-%E2%80%9CA-woman-is-designed-so-that-she-can-save-family-peace-Russia%E2%80%9D.html (Last visited：4/5/2018).
Khosravi, Mohammad, “Marxist feminism and postmodernism,” Academicjournals, http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JLC/article-full-text-pdf/7A9BF471982 (Last visited：5/5/2018).
Lyon, Tania, “Gender and Family Roles in Post-Soviet Russia,” miamioh, http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/havighurstcenter/papers/rands-lyon.pdf (Last visited：5/2/2018).
Litvinova, Daria, “Festival tries to reclaim Russian feminism – but is it radical enough?,” Theguardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/15/feminist-festival-russia-womens-rights-international-womens-day (Last visited：14/3/2018).
Nechemias, Carol,“Politics in Post-Soviet Russia: Where Are the Women?” https://www2.gwu.edu/~ieresgwu/assets/docs/demokratizatsiya%20archive/08-2_Nechemias.PDF (Last visited：14/3/2018).
Nazemroaya, Mahdi Darius, “The Historic Role That Soviet Women Played in Defeating the Nazis in World War II, Globalresearch, https://www.globalresearch.ca/how-the-west-ignores-women-as-actors-in-otherized-societies-a-sociological-unraveling-of-the-logos-of-the-soviet-amazons/5372529 (Last visited：4/3/2018).
Novikova, Natalia, Muravyeva, Marianna, “Women’s History in Russia,” http://cisr.ru/files/publ/Womens-History-in-Russia-ToC.pdf (Last visited：4/3/2018).
Paranyushkin, Dimitry,“Interesting Facts about Russian Women and Women Rights in Russia,” Way to Russia, https://waytorussia.net/WhatIsRussia/Women/Facts.html (Last visited：4/5/2018).
Rukavishnikov, Vladimir, ”The Russian Political Culture at the Beginning of 21st Century” https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/7/3018/14.pdf (Last visited：6/2/2018).
Rocha, Zarine,“Putting Gender Back on the Policy Agenda: Gender Equality and Political Participation in the Russian Federation,”Iknowpolitics, http://iknowpolitics.org/sites/default/files/gender-russiaprofile.pdf,11/12/2017 (Last visited：6/2/2018).
Radek, Karl, “Larissa Reisner(1927),” Marxists, https://www.marxists.org/archive/radek/1927/xx/reisner.htm (Last visited:12/4/2018).
Rainsford, Sarah,“Domestic abuse: Why Russia believes the first time is not a crime,”BBC, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38794677 (Last visited：6/2/2018).
Simkin, John,“Sofia Panina,”Spartacus-educational, http://spartacus-educational.com/RUS-Sofia-Panina.htm (Last visited：13/4/2018).
Sisoev, Grigoriy,“Just Russia deputy Moskalkova named Russia's human rights chief,”Russia Beyond, https://www.rbth.com/news/2016/04/22/just-russia-deputy-moskalkova-named-russias-human-rights-chief_587251 (Last visited：7/2/2018).
Sundstrom, Lisa,“Women's NGOs in Russia: Struggling from the Margins,” Researchgate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242389697_Women's_NGOs_in_Russia_Struggling_from_the_Margins (Last visited：8/42018).
Tanas, Olga, Kravchenko, Stepan “Putin Nominates Bank of Russia Head Nabiullina for New Term” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-22/putin-nominates-bank-of-russia-head-nabiullina-for-new-term (Last visited：12/6/2016)
Tishkov, Valerii,“Women in Russian Politics, Jstor, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4400561?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents (Last visited：6/5/2018).
Turbine, Vikki,“Women’s human rights in Russia: outmoded battlegrounds, or new sites of contentious politics?,”Eprints, http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/107405/1/107405.pdf (Last visited：13/4/2018).
Vest, Caitlin,“Woman Question: Women and Social Revolution, 1905-1917,” Lagrange, http://www.lagrange.edu/resources/pdf/citations/2011/11_vest_history.pdf (Last visited：12 /4/2018)
Wecker, Menachem, “Things you may not know about Catherine the Great,” Washingtonpost, https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-catherine-the-great/2016/03/31/d5a6bce2-f29b-11e5-85a6-2132cf446d0a_story.html?utm_term=.1e2249c7c63b (Last visited：5/2/2018).
Wolanski, Molly,“The Role of Women in Soviet Russia,”Guided History, http://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/moderneurope/molly-wolanski/ (Last visited：3/3/2018).
Yegoro, Oleg,“Russian marches on Women's Day seen as an attempt to revive feminism,”RBTH, http://rbth.com/politics_and_society/2017/03/10/russian-marches-on-womens-day-seen-as-an-attempt-to-revive-feminism_717016 (Last visited：5/6/2018).
Zasulich, Ted Crawford, 1897“The Working Class Movement in Russia”Justice, Marxists, https://www.marxists.org/archive/zasulich/1897/0501.htm (Last visited：2/2/2018).
Zakirova, Venera, “Reproductive Health Matters:An international journal on sexual and reproductive health and rights,” Tandfonline, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/S0968-8080(14)44806-7 (Last visited：9/7/2018).
(官方統計資料)
Gender equality and extension of women rights in Russia in the context of the UN Millennium Development Goals http://www.undp.ru/Gender_MDG_eng.pdf 
Gender Equality and Culture (Russian Federation). http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/images/Informkultura_Russian_State_Library_Gender_Equality_and_.pdf,113/12/2017 (Last visited：4/5/2018)
Gender Equality and Culture (Russian Federation). http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/images/Informkultura_Russian_State_Library_Gender_Equality_and_.pdf (Last visited：4/5/2018)
Russian Federation Replies to the questionnaire of the United Nations Secretariat on the implementation of the Beijing platform for action adopted by the Fourth World Conference on the Status of Women (Beijing, 1995).
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica,“Anna Empress of Russia,”Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anna-empress-of-Russia (Last visited：2/2/2018).
The Russian Government(2017),”Senior Russian Government Officials”  http://government.ru/en/gov/ (Last visited：12/12/2016)
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/Review/responses/RUSSIAN-FEDERATION-English.pdf (Last visited：6/2/2018).
Women in national parliaments, “WORLD CLASSIFICATION,” Archive. http://archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm (Last visited：3/3/2018)
參、俄文
書籍資料
Горшков, Михаил Константинович, Тихонова, Наталья Евгеньевна (2002), Женщина новой России: Какая она? Как живет? К чему стремится?, Москва: РОССПЭН.
Данилевский, Игорь Николаевич(2004), Повесть временных лет: Герменевтические основы источниковедения летописных текстов, Реутов: Аспект-пресс.
Морозова, Людмила (2009), Великие и неизвестные женщины Древней Руси, Москва: АСТ
Пушкарёва, Наталья Львовна (1989), Женщины Древней Руси,Редакция Литературы по Истории СССР. 
Рыбаков, Борис Александрович (1987), Язычество Древней Руси, Москва: Наука.

網路資料
Аналитический, портал, “Народничество в России во второй половине XIX века,” Knowhistory, https://knowhistory.ru/history/xix-xx/narodnichestvo-v-rossii-vo-vtoroy-polovine-xix-veka (Last visited：5/2/2018).
Гурьева, Андреевна, “Феминизм и религия (проблемы современной историографии),” Spbu, http://philosophy.spbu.ru/userfiles/edu/attestate/2011/magister_disser/religiovedy/annotaciya%20gur'eva.pdf (Last visited：17/3/2018).
Кочергина, Екатерина, “Участие женщин в политике,” Левада-Центра, https://www.levada.ru/2017/10/16/uchastie-zhenshhin-v-politike-2/ (Last visited：3/5/2018).
Кочергина, Екатерина, “Женский день и права,” Левада-Центра, http://www.levada.ru/2017/03/03/zhenskij-den-i-prava/ (Last visited：3/5/2018).
Ковалева, Юлия, “Насилие над женщинами в Приморье: террор дома и продажа за 10 тыс руб,” РИА Новости, https://ria.ru/vl/20131125/979394165.html (Last visited：5/4/2018).
Кузнецова, Надежда, “"Небабское дело". Какие профессии по закону запрещены женщинам в России,” Anews, https://www.anews.com/p/82768039-nebabskoe-delo-kakie-professii-po-zakonu-zapreshheny-zhenshhinam-v-rossii/ (Last visited：2/5/2018).
Леконцев, Иван, “Равенство в семье: от деклараций - к реальности?,” ВЦИОМ, https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=8981 (Last visited：4/3/2018).  
Манушин, Борис,“Биография императрицы Елизаветы I Петровны,” РИА Новости, https://ria.ru/history_spravki/20130617/940940862.html (Last visited：7/2/2018).
Михалева. Г.М, Сергутина, М.П,“Женское движение в России: вчера, сегодня, завтра,” Yabloko, http://www.yabloko.ru/books/Womens-book.pdf (Last visited：28/2/2018).
Муслумова. Т.В, “Феминизм: истоки, этапы развития и основные направления,” Name of the Website, http://shgpi.edu.ru/files/nauka/vestnik/2015/4_28/31.pdf (Last visited：12/5/2018).
Пушкарева. Н. Л, “«Женский» вопрос в теории марксизма (Почему брак марксизма с феминизмом оказался несчастливым?),” Womaninrussiansociety, http://womaninrussiansociety.ru/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/2002_1_pushkareva.pdf (Last visited：26/4/2018).
Соловьёв.С.М, “Великая Княгиня София (Зоя) Палеолог,” Mirkin, http://www.mirkin.ru/_docs/semenkova_book_ch3.pdf (Last visited：12/1/2018).
Сажнева, Екатерина, “Ольга Крыштановская: «Дайте нашей новой аристократии привыкнуть к «золотым унитазам»,” MKRU, http://www.mk.ru/politics/2017/12/18/olga-kryshtanovskaya-dayte-nashey-novoy-aristokratii-privyknut-k-zolotym-unitazam.html (Last visited：5/5/2018).
Управителева,Л.М, “Феминизм на западе и в россии: проблемы теории и практики,” Ashpi, http://ashpi.asu.ru/prints/pdf/dn17d.pdf (Last visited：30/4/2018).
Швенк, Ольга, “Благодаря феминизму наша семья живет так, как хочет,” Riamo, https://riamo.ru/article/197459/blagodarya-feminizmu-nasha-semya-zhivet-tak-kak-hochet.xl (Last visited：14/5/2018).
Шульман, Екатерина, “100 самых влиятельных женщин России — рейтинг,” Echo, https://echo.msk.ru/blog/echo_rating/1266848-echo/ (Last visited：6/2/2018).
Ассоциация этнических общин Северной Буковины, “Царица Елизавета Петровна и Украина,” Culturelandshaft, https://culturelandshaft.wordpress.com/этнополитика/этнос-и-нация/украина-страна-или-пограничье/царица-елизавета-петровна-и-украина (Last visited：2/2/2018).
Русская семерка, “«Батальон смертниц» Марии Бочкаревой,” Russian7, http://russian7.ru/post/batalon-smertnic-marii-bochkarevo-3/ (Last visited：3/2/2018).