透過生態女性的閱讀方式，本論文主旨在於針對瑪格麗特‧艾特伍德《浮生錄》中的主題來做探討，當中包含了性別歧視、自然宰制，以及西方階級化二元對立（hierarchical dualism）的思想體系。身為一位加拿大籍女性作家，艾特伍德除了呈現有關對於女性和自然的壓迫以外，也呈現連結這兩種壓迫的二元對立思想(oppressive dualistic thinking)。艾特伍德筆下所描繪出敘述者的精神之旅，是為了要打破這種二元對立的思想體系，並且在男女之間、人跟自然之間，提供了一種新的認同方式。為討論此目的，我在論文中分為五章詳加申論：
    首章諸論就先針對作者以及小說的文本情節內容作概要性簡介。因為定義此小說為生態女性主義文本，所以會先勾勒出生態女性主義的主要論點，接著在鋪陳小說文本和生態女性主義的互動關聯。
    第二章分析的重點在於父權的語言霸權和對於女性以及動物的物化。藉由生態女性主義的觀點，我將詮釋小說中父權意識如何於思想概念上，貶抑女性和動物的存在實體。
    第三章主要探討小說的敘述者是如何顛覆心靈╱肉體的二元劃分，以及她以疆界混淆(boundary-blurring)的角度看待美國人╱加拿大人、美國人╱機器之間的異同處。
    第四章和第五章著重於敘述者精神上的蛻變，如何同生態意識和生態女性主義的精神性相呼應。經由跨越二元對立、與自然為伍，她不再是受害的弱者；反之，在接觸自然的療養過程當中，她能面對過去不幸的傷痛，並且領悟人和自然間的相互關係以及生命力量的循環跟替，最終以新的身分認同回去城市。

Through an ecofeminist reading, this thesis attempts to examine the themes of sexism, naturism, and hierarchical dualism underlying the Western conceptual framework in Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing (1972).  Being a Canadian woman writer, Atwood presents not only the oppressions of women and nature but also their link to an oppressive dualistic thinking.  To dismantle such conceptual system of dichotomies, Atwood portrays the narrator’s spiritual journey to offer a new identification among women-men and human-nature relations.  To aim at this purpose, I will divide my thesis into five chapters.  
     The first chapter begins with an overview of the author, text, and context of this novel.  To define this novel as an ecofeminist literary work, I first delineate the main ecofeminist theories, and then explore the textual interaction to ecofeminism.
     Chapter Two will focus on the patriarchal language and the objectification of women and animals.  From an ecofeminist perspective, I will interpret how patriarchal consciousness in the novel conceptually disparages the ontological meanings of women and animals. 
     The third chapter mainly discusses how the narrator overturns the mind-body dichotomy and perceives American-Canadian and American-machine comparisons from a boundary-blurring concept.                         
     Chapter Four and Five concentrate on how the narrator’s spiritual transformation corresponds to ecological consciousness and ecofeminist spirituality.  Crossing the binary oppositions and getting along with nature, the narrator is no longer a victim; instead, she accepts the unfortunate past through the healing process of encountering nature, realizes nature-human interrelatedness and the cycle of life force, and finally returns to the city with a new identity.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments i
Chinese Abstract ii
English Abstract iii
Chapter One: Introduction 1
Chapter Two: Sexist-Naturist Language 16
I. The language of Alienation and Devaluation 17
II. Objectification of Women and Animals 29
Chapter Three: Challenging Hierarchical Dualism 38
I. Mind and Body 42
II. Boundary-Blurring 54
Chapter Four: Ecological Consciousness and Ecofeminist Spirituality 60
I. Ecological Consciousness 61
II. Ecofeminist Spirituality 72
Conclusion: The Vision of Ecofeminist Spirituality 82
Works Cited 93

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