蘇聯瓦解之後原先加盟蘇聯的共和國紛紛獨立，將國家發展冀望於民主制度。然而除了波羅的海(Baltic sea)三國，其餘國家漸漸陷入單一統治者持續執政的窘境。獨立後的亞塞拜然並未如其憲法所載，保障自由以及人權。許多反對黨或異議人士受到相當大的限制，總統大位依然由阿里耶夫家族把持。亞塞拜然政治轉型過程中的非正式運作以及恩庇政治網絡也與正式制度同時進行，筆者在這篇文章想探討有四個部分：
第一部分先介紹和定義新制度主義、新宗族主義以及恩庇政治。在這些理論中，制度遺緒以及非正式運作占了這些理論中重要的一環，並且深刻地影響亞塞拜然的政治體系。
第二部分是從歷史的脈絡了解亞塞拜然民主發展的歷史因素，探討蘇聯時期所留下的制度以及非正式運作，對現今的亞塞拜然政治制度的影響。
第三部分將會討論現今亞塞拜然正式制度的運作，同時探討檯面下非正式運作，以便做出對照。
第四部分是關於現任總統、總統家族、還有利益團體，例如經濟的寡頭或地方上的菁英等的恩庇政治關係。
本文所發現的結果是：新宗族主義在亞塞拜然順利運作，並結合當地的歷史遺緒以及恩庇侍從。歷史遺緒，如氏族制度以及非正式運作如Tapsh帶來的影響力在現今亞塞拜然政經可以容易見到，目前亞塞拜然的政治體制呈現一個金字塔的狀態，頂部為總統與總統家族，在中間則是菁英，最下層則是侍從者。同時不僅是上位者分發利益給侍從者，有時候侍從者也會與上位者分享權力。另外上位者也允許侍從者發展自身網絡及經濟利益，並且不會妨礙上位者利益。

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the soviet republics became independent with hoped to develop democracy. However, with the exception of the countries of the Baltic Sea, countrties of the Former Soviet Union gradually fell into the dilemma of authoritarian autocracy. Azerbaijan after its independence did not guarantee freedom and human rights, as enshrined in its constitution. The opposition parties or dissidents are subject to considerable restrictions and the presidency is still controlled by the Aliyev’s family. The informal practice in Azerbaijan's political transition process and the patron-client political network also proceed simultaneously with the formal system. In this thesis the author wants to explore four:
The first part introduces and defines the theories of New Institutionalism, Neopatrimonialism, and patron-client politics. In these theories, institutional legacies and informal practice are considered important parts, as they profoundly affect Azerbaijan's political system.
The second part is to find out the historical factors of democratic development in Azerbaijan from the context of history, and discusses the Soviet legacies and its informal practice, which affects the political system of Azerbaijan today.
The third part will discuss the practice of the current formal institutions in Azerbaijan, and discuss the informal practice under it as for comparison.
The fourth part is about the patron-client relations between the current president, his family, and some interest groups, such as economic oligarchs or local elites.
The conclusions of this thesis are that Neopatrimonialism is functioning smoothly in Azerbaijan, combining historical legacies and Patron-client politics. Historical legacies, such as the clan system and informal practice ( Tapsh) can easily be seen in the current Azerbaijani politics and economy. At present, the political system of Azerbaijan presents a pyramid, with the president and the president family at the top, while in the middle, there are elites, and at the bottom are their clients. At the same time, not only the superior patrons distribute benefits to their clients, sometimes the clients also share power with the patrons. In addition, the patrons also allow the attendants to develop their own network and economic interests, and this will not hinder the interests of the patrons

目錄
第一章	緒論	1
第一節	研究動機與目的	1
第二節	研究途徑及方法	4
第三節	文獻檢視與評論	12
第四節	研究架構與安排	23
第五節	研究範圍與限制	26
第二章	新宗族主義之界定與探討	27
第一節	新宗族主義之界定	27
第二節	新宗族主義與制度設計	28
第三節	新宗族主義中的非正式運作	29
第四節	小結	43
第三章	亞塞拜然1992年獨立之前的制度遺緒	45
第一節	亞塞拜然傳統的政治--社會制度	45
第二節	亞塞拜然蘇維埃政治制度的建立及其影響	50
第三節 小結	59
第四章	亞塞拜然制度建立與非正式操作	61
第一節	總統選舉	62
第二節 政府的行政、立法以及司法系統	67
第三節	政黨選舉	71
第四節 小結	75
第五章	亞塞拜然政治轉型中的新宗族主義特色	77
第一節	亞塞拜然政治制度下家族介紹	78
第二節	非正式運作之操作: Tapsh	85
第三節	金字塔權力的建構與結果	88
第四節 小結	98
第六章	結論	100
第一節	研究發現	100
第二節	後續研究建議	107
參考資料	108


圖目錄
圖 1 亞塞拜然政體演變圖	18
圖 2 研究架構圖	24
圖 3 單一型金字塔系統	37
圖 4 競爭型金字塔系統	38
圖 5亞塞拜然自由程度現況	78
圖 6族關係圖	85

表目錄
表 1 菁英自主及競爭程度分類表	15
表 2 非正式運作在南高加索之種類及強度關係表	32
表 3 亞塞拜然得到好工作的因素	33
表 4 公部門人口占職業人口比例	93
表 5 公部門佔人口比例	93

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5.	Шкель, Станислав Николаевич(2014), «Типология постсоветских политических режимов: синтез электорального и неопатримониального подходов,» Исторические, философские, политические и юридические науки, культурология и искусствоведение. Вопросы теории и практики, № 8. Ч. 2, сс. 210-217.
書籍
1.	Гулиев, Зафар Гусейн оглы(2011), «Кризис или дискредитация демократии?,» Азербайджан после Гейдара Алиева, Москва: Regum.
2.	Гусейнова, И. А. (1958), «История Азербайджана,» Баку: Издательство академии наук азербайджанской ССР. 
3.	Максудов, Ф., Алиев, И., Агамалиева, Н., Алышанлы, Ш. (1998), «Азербайджанская Демократическая Республика(1918 - 1920),» Баку: Элм.
網路資料
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2.	«Биография,» Расул Гулиев,< http://www.rasulguliyev.org/biography/russian_biography.php>(Last visited : 15/2/2019)
3.	«В Лондоне состоялся прием, посвященный столетию АДР, а также прошла выставка фото и документов, видео- и аудиоматериалов об истории первой республики на мусульманском Востоке,» Sputnik,< https://ru.sputnik.az/azerbaijan/20181030/417667636/london-adr-stoletie-azerbaijan.html>(Last visited : 14/11/2018).
4.	«Внеочередные выборы президента Азербайджана пройдут 11 апреля,» МИР24, <https://mir24.tv/news/16290210/vneocherednye-vybory-prezidenta-sostoyatsya-v-azebraidzhane>(Last visited：3/4/2018).
5.	«Конституция Азербайджанской Республики,» Президент Азербайджанской Республики Ильхам Алиев, <https://static2.president.az/media/W1siZiIsIjIwMTgvMDMvMDkvY3dodDN2dzF0X0tvbnN0dXRpc3lhX1JVUy5wZGYiXV0?sha=83f38924a4086483>(Last visited : 21/01/2019).
6.	«Кто такой Кямаледдин Гейдаров,» Maydan.TV,<https://d9mc3ts4czbpr.cloudfront.net/az/article/kto-takoj-kyamaleddin-gejdarov/?utm_source=article&utm_campaign=news&utm_medium=social-media>(Last visited : 21/7/2019).
7.	«Президентские выборы в Азербайджане перенесли из-за празднования столетия республики,» интерfaкс, <http://www.interfax.ru/world/598583>(Last visited：3/4/2018).
8.	«Следователи вышли на след 1 млрд, выведенного Фазилем Мамедовым из страны,» Gapp.az,< http://gapp.az/news/364275-sledovateli-vyishli-na-sled-1-mlrd-vyivedennogo-fazilem-mamedovyim-iz-stranyi>(Last visited : 4/10/2018).
9.	Мамедов, Ильгар(2000) "Экономические преобразования в азербайджане: поиски стратегии и перспективы,"< https://www.ca-c.org/journal/2000/journal_rus/cac07_2000/11.mamedov.shtml>(Last visited : 8/5/2019).
10.	Распоряжение Президента Азербайджанской Республики Об объявлении внеочередных выборов Президента Азербайджанской Республики,» Президент Азербайджанской Республики Ильхам Алиев, <http://ru.president.az/articles/26943>(Last visited：3/4/2018).
11.	Смирнов, Сергей(2004), “Азербайджан: эстафета власти,” CA&C Press AB,< https://www.ca-c.org/journal/2004/journal_rus/cac-01/03.smirus.shtml>(Last visited : 29/4/2019>.