本篇論文主要探討環保法規對於產業出口競爭力的影響，並以實證結果提出政策建議供施政者參考。本文的研究方法是奠基於Rajan and Zingales (1998) 的模型並額外加上一衡量國家別環保法規鬆緊程度與產業別汙染密集度的交乘項，再利用共84國2000年至2004年的相關數據進行實證研究，以判斷環保法規對於產業出口競爭力的影響方向與程度以及其所代表的經濟意涵。本文的研究結果可證實，當一國的整體環保法規趨於嚴格時，會顯著降低該國高汙染性產業的出口競爭力，且嚴格環保法規的國家(第75分位)與寬鬆環保法規的國家(第25分位)之間的貿易差異效果為34%至52%左右。即使在考量不同面向的環保法規以及國家發展程度等因素的情況下，本研究之實證結果仍舊可以支持避風港效應之假說，亦即實施環保法規會造成汙染密度高的產業之出口競爭力降低。

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of environmental stringency on industrial exports and to provide statistical evidence for policy makers. Based on the model proposed by Rajan and Zingales (1998), we construct an interaction term of environmental stringency (at country level) and pollution intensity (at industrial level). By applying the data of 84 countries over the 2000-2004 period to this empirical model, we can examine whether the negative correlation of environmental stringency and export activity exists. According to our OLS estimation results, the environmental stringency does have a negative effect on industrial exports, and this finding supports the pollution haven hypothesis. In addition, this negative relationship between environmental stringency and export activity still sturdily holds no matter in developed or developing countries. Furthermore, the statistical results of this paper also show that for the pollution intensive industries there exists a difference in the loss in terms of the export share lying in a range from 34% to 52% between two countries with a degree of environmental regulation stringency at the 75th percentile and the 25th percentile.

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究架構 2

第二章 文獻回顧 4
第一節 避風港效應 4
第二節 波特假說 6

第三章 研究方法與實證資料 9
第一節 模型架構 9
第二節 樣本範圍 10
第三節 變數定義 11

第四章 實證結果與分析 25
第一節 主要結果 25
第二節 產業汙染特性與法規面向 31
第三節 國家差異性問題 39

第五章 結論與建議 42

參考文獻 44

圖表目錄
圖1-1研究流程圖 3
圖3-1各國環境績效指數 15
表3-1產業汙染排行表 16
表3-2產業技術特性表 17
表3-3環境績效指數組成表 18
表3-4各國環境績效指數表 19
表3-5各變數定義表 23
表4-1主要結果 29
表4-2工具變數主要結果 30
表4-3空氣汙染對人類的影響 35
表4-4空氣汙染對生態系的影響 36
表4-5水對人類的影響 37
表4-6水對生態系的影響 38
表4-7國家發展程度 41

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