在當代的國際體系和國際環境中，國家並不是唯一的行為者，如同國際組織和機構等非國家行為者亦扮演重要的角色。而聯合國成立的宗旨是為了維持國際和平及安全，其對世界的影響力和重要性是毫無疑問的。
從聯合國大會於1947年11月29日通過的第181（II）號決議，也就是所謂的巴勒斯坦分治案開始，聯合國正式介入巴勒斯坦問題。在巴勒斯坦問題歷史發展的過程中，聯合國雖然不斷強調要透過和談，永久、公正和全面的解決巴勒斯坦問題。然而2006年巴勒斯坦內部法塔和哈瑪斯之間仍無法凝聚共識，而以色列基於國家安全所施行的政策，再加上以、巴雙方仍存在的領土問題、屯墾區問題、難民問題、水資源問題，以及耶路撒冷地位之爭議，諸多的爭議使得以、巴雙方的談判陷入僵局，至今巴勒斯坦問題仍無法獲得解決。
因此本研究是在巴勒斯坦問題的歷史脈絡中，將聯合國在該問題中具體的作為、努力與貢獻加以整合，並在整合與分析之後，給予每一個階段一個明確之角色定位，並且探討影響聯合國在巴勒斯坦問題中角色變化的因素，以及分析聯合國在巴勒斯坦問題中的侷限性。
而本研究之研究途徑是以學者伯科維奇（Jacob Bercovitch）以及魯賓（Jeffrey Z. Rubin）在其主編之Mediation in International Relations: Multiple Approaches to Conflict Management中，歸納出調停者所使用的策略為基礎，設定各個角色之指標，並透過指標來檢證聯合國在巴勒斯坦問題中的角色。透過整理聯合國從1947年到2010年在巴勒斯坦問題的實際作為，以及聯合國大會和安理會關於巴勒斯坦問題的決議，所呈現聯合國的態度與立場，並經過角色指標的檢證，聯合國在四個階段中所扮演的角色分別為：第一階段（1947年到1967年）為問題之主控者；第二階段（1967年到1987年）為和談之規劃者；第三階段（1987年到2000年）為衝突之溝通者；第四階段（2000年到2010年）為和談之促進者。
聯合國長久以來關注巴勒斯坦問題，發揮其不可替代的作用，並在人道救助中有卓越的貢獻。在巴勒斯坦問題的歷史過程中，聯合國大會規劃了許多巴勒斯坦人民享有的不可剝奪的權利，包括自決權利、取得國家獨立和主權的權利，以及巴勒斯坦人民重返家園和財產不可剝奪得權利。安理會早期部屬的隔離觀察部隊，並促成到停火協定的簽訂。而安理會第242號和第338號決議，至今仍被視為解決巴勒斯坦問題的基礎。

In the contemporary international system and international environment, states are not the sole actors, similar to the non-state actors, such as international organizations and institutions, play important roles. The United Nations was founded to maintain international peace and security, and its influence and importance in the world is no doubt.
From the resolution 181 (II) adopted by UN General Assembly on November 29 1947, UN has intervened formally in the question of Palestine. In the history of the question, the UN has emphasized repeatedly achieving a just, permanent, and comprehensive settlement of the question of Palestine through the peaceful talks. However, many issues are still suspended between Israel and Palestine, including security, territorial issues, settlement issues, refugees, water rights, as well as the status of Jerusalem. These issues deadlock the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations, and the question of Palestine has still not been resolved.
Therefore, this study is to explore the role of UN, the factors impact on changing the role of UN, as well as analysis the limitations of UN in the question of Palestine. The approach of this study is based on the book Mediation in International Relations: Multiple Approaches to Conflict Management edited by Jacob Bercovitch and Jeffrey Z. Rubin, and the strategies used by mediators. Setting the indicators of roles according to strategies, and validate the role of UN in the question of Palestine through the indicators. The UN played four roles in four phases of the issue as follows: the first phase (1947 to 1967) was a manipulator; the second phase (1967 to 1987) was a formulator; the third phase (1987 to 2000) was a communicator; the fourth phase (2000 to 2010) was a facilitator.

第一章  緒論1
第一節  研究動機與目的1
第二節  研究方法與研究途徑6
第三節  研究範圍與研究限制11
第四節  文獻檢閱13
第五節  基本立論20
第二章  1947年－1967年問題之主控者23
第一節  從聯大第181號決議（分治案）為起點24
第二節  聯合國的三條主軸34
第三節  聯合國角色之分析43
第四節  小結50
第三章  1967年－1987年和談之規劃者53
第一節  六日戰爭與贖罪日戰爭對巴勒斯坦問題之影響54
第二節  巴勒斯坦問題在聯合國中的轉變	64
第三節  尋找和平解決巴勒斯坦問題的契機70
第四節  聯合國角色之分析78
第五節  小結85
第四章  1987年－2000年衝突之溝通者87
第一節  巴勒斯坦人民起義及影響88
第二節  馬德里和會、以巴和談和以巴後續之發展97
第三節  聯合國角色之分析111
第四節  小結118
第五章  2000年－2010年和談之促進者121
第一節  從大衛營會談到四方會談122
第二節  《路線圖》及其後巴勒斯坦問題之發展134
第三節  聯合國角色之分析148
第四節  小結154
第六章  結論155
第一節  聯合國角色之綜合評估155
第二節  未來展望164
參考資料167

附圖目錄
【圖1-1】研究架構圖 ............................................................................................... 10
【圖2-1】1947年聯合國分治計畫 .......................................................................... 26
【圖2-2】1945年巴勒斯坦各地區土地擁有概況圖 .............................................. 30
【圖2-3】1949年巴勒斯坦地區之停火線地圖 ...................................................... 33
【圖3-1】1967年六日戰爭以色列所佔領之土地 .................................................. 56
【圖3-2】聯合國維和部隊在1967年六日戰爭後之部屬慨況 ............................. 63
【圖4-1】1967年7月到1991年以色列在佔領土地建立之屯墾區分部圖 ........ 96
附表目錄
【表1-1】角色之意涵與指標 ..................................................................................... 8
【表1-2】文獻檢閱列表 ........................................................................................... 13
【表2-1】巴勒斯坦委員會根據181號決議中列出之重大日程表 ....................... 27
【表2-2】UNCCP主持三個會議之狀況 ................................................................. 38
【表2-2】1950-1965年UNRWA基本糧食救助情況 ............................................ 41
【表2-3】UNRWA/UNESCO提供教育之人數統計 .............................................. 41
【表2-4】1950-1969年捐款給UNRWA的國家與金額統計 ................................ 42
【表3-1】聯合國安理會第242號決議內容 ........................................................... 58
【表5-1】《路線圖》第一階段之內容 ................................................................. 135
【表5-2】《路線圖》第二階段之內容 ................................................................. 136
【表5-3】《路線圖》第三階段之內容 ................................................................. 137
【表5-4】2000年到2010年以、巴雙方和談停滯和重啟談判的因素 .............. 148
【表6-1】聯合國之角色與角色之指標 ................................................................. 157
【表6-2】聯合國在巴勒斯坦問題中成立之單位與其伕務 ................................. 161
【表6-3】聯合國在巴勒斯坦問題中之個人伕務 ................................................. 163

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Spechler, Dina Rome. “The U.S.S.R. and Third-World Conflicts: Domestic Debate and Soviet Policy in the Middle East, 1967-1973”, World Politics, Vol. 38, No. 3 (Apr., 1986), pp.435-461.
Tomeh, George J.. “When the UN Dropped the Palestinian Question”,Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Autumn, 1974), pp. 15-30.
Waage, Hilde Henriksen. The 'Minnow' and the 'Whale': Norway and the United States in the Peace Process in theMiddle East, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Aug., 2007), pp. 157-176.
Zweiri, Mahjoob. The Hamas Victory: Shifting Sands or Major Earthquake?, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 4 (2006), pp. 675-687.

六、網路資料
（一）聯合國官網相關決議資料
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A/RES/186(S-2), Appointment and terms of reference of a United Nations Mediator in Palestine, (May 14, 1948). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/a9a8da193bd46c54852560e50060c6fd?OpenDocument

A/RES/212(III), Assistance to Palestine refugees, (November 19, 1948). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/edc284b4a5508fd7852560e500670213?OpenDocument

A/RES/194(III), Palestine-Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator, (December 11, 1948). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/c758572b78d1cd0085256bcf0077e51a?OpenDocument

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A/RES/302(IV), Assistance to Palestine Refugees, (December 8, 1949). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/af5f909791de7fb0852560e500687282?OpenDocument

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A/RES/1000(ES-I), (November 5, 1956). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/4357c71acd47f4af852560df006762d9?OpenDocument

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A/RES/2252 (ES-V), Humanitarian assistance, (July 4, 1967). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/f7575be79bbc6930852560df0056fc78?OpenDocument

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（二）聯合國官網相關檔案資料
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A/4921 and Add.1, Nineteenth progress report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, (October 13, 1961). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/d0911f77d9bb1f14852574050052b8d6/88d7fee435d4b34285256102007764f6?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,A%2F4921

A/37/49,Report of the Preparatory Committee for the International Conference on the Question of Palestine, (November 5, 1982). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/31ad7cb4fb0ebdbc852570050054855b?OpenDocument

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GA/8986, Speakers Express Great Shock over Assassination of Israeli Prime Minister, (November 6, 1995). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/06a2d36c0ea3fbb285256c8d006a2dd7?OpenDocument

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GA/PAL/870, Madrid Meeting on Palestine Question Closes with Statement on Need to Implement Mitchell Committee Recommendations, (July 19, 2001). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/1e63a5e1edd82c9185256a8e004e2f36?OpenDocument

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M/09/009,United Nations International Meeting on Question of Palestine Opens in Geneva to Discuss Issues Surrounding Gaza War, (July 22, 2009). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/a75c2e358c7793e1852575fb004b4678?OpenDocument

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S/7906(1967), Report by the Secretary-General, (May 26, 1967). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/d0911f77d9bb1f14852574050052b8d6/44c971ced20b476705256559005be4a5?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,S%2F7906

S/20156, Note by the President of the Security Council, (August 26, 1988). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/0ce1f7b1e198e51f85256ac3006c2023?OpenDocument

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S/22027, Note by the President of the Security Council, (December 31, 1990). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/605c6a4fbe2184b4852560dd00635d68?OpenDocument

S/2002/504, Letter dated 1 May 2002 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council, (May 1, 2002).   http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/6080e1d9b47bdaad85256bad005fcd91?OpenDocument

S/2003/529, Letter Dated 7 May 2003 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the President of the Security Council, (May 7, 2003). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/6129b9c832fe59ab85256d43004d87fa?OpenDocument

S/2005/306, Letter Dated 6 May 2005 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the President of the Security Council, (May 10, 2005). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/a9b09a5f63752c8f85256fff00521248?OpenDocument 

S/2005/432, Letter Dated 28 June 2005 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the President of the Security Council, (July 6, 2005). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/9c2c1abc5e058d058525705a0073e61a?OpenDocument

S/2007/292, Letter Dated 15 May 2007 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council, (May 18, 2007). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/410cc8ace2e7d188852572e30045f16e?OpenDocument

SC/7287, Press Statement on Middle East Situation by Security Council President, (January 30, 2002). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/377725927cdce44885256b52005696d8?OpenDocument

SC/8071, Israel’s Gaza Withdrawal Could Lead to New Era in Middle East Peacemaking, or Increased Violence and New Low, Security Council Told, (April 23, 2004). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/2d7903a0b0a1f5c385256e7f005d98e4?OpenDocument 

S/PRST/2005/2, Statement by the President of the Security Council, (January 13, 2005). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/573c63346bc7dc0085256f8800729685?OpenDocument

S/PRST/2010/9, Statement by the President of the Security Council, (June 1, 2010). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/e74146ac22d2d71f8525773600528edb?OpenDocument

S/PV.640, (November 20, 1953). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/d0911f77d9bb1f14852574050052b8d6/2c49e28a0d7ffc5b05256722007324a3?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,S%2FPV.640

S/PV.3589, (November 6, 1995). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/058ddab64317931b85256f3c006cde48?OpenDocument

SG/2103, Statement on Palestinian Elections by Middle East Quartet, (January 26, 2006). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/35848865d8af0c67852571060054f5f2?OpenDocument

SG/2125, Statement by Middle East Quartet, (March 21, 2007). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/f7bfba5a60965b6e852572a6004b42d2?OpenDocument

SG/2168, Statement by Middle East Quartet, (February 5, 2011). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/135695160a620d6985257830004c63f1?OpenDocument 

SG/2160, Statement by the Quartet, (June 21, 2010). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/82881417edadd9ca85257749006e1322?OpenDocument

SG/A/585, Secretary-general Appoints Terje Rod Larsen of Norway as Special Coordinator in the Occupied Territories, (May 25, 1994). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/7b7319f6f64c219d85256aca0052d2b4?OpenDocument

SG/SM/6145, Secretary-General Welcomes Hebron Agreement as “Important Achievement”, (January 15, 1997). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/fa2bc22e28b653e585256426005aa968?OpenDocument

SG/SM/7494, Secretary-General Disappointed That Parties at Camp David Summit Not Able to Reach Overall Agreement, (July 25, 2000). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/12479d9e1b91ecc0852569280046c97a?OpenDocument

SG/SM/7568, Secretary-General, Concerned by Outbreak of Violence in Jerusalem, Regrets Loss of Life, Urges Maximum Restraint on Both Sides, (September 29, 2000). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/0a0a4617a69efcfd8525696d00447673?OpenDocument

SG/SM/7594, Calm and Quiet Needed to Create Best Atmosphere for Resumption of Middle East Peace Talks, Secretary-General States Describes Recent Efforts for Peace, at General Assembly Emergency Special Session, (October 20, 2000). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/a2258f74eefebc6b85256981004a144f?OpenDocument

SG/SM/7718, Border Closures and Other Restrictions Cause Concern about Palestinian Authority’s Capacity to Continue Functioning, Secretary-General States, (February 16, 2001). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/248f5613d1446a61852569f90053e966?OpenDocument

SG/SM/7887, Secretary-General Strongly Urges Israeli Authorities to Halt Demolition of Palestinian Homes, (July 11, 2001).  http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/d0911f77d9bb1f14852574050052b8d6/2b16db5b2c30676585256a9900670387?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,SG%2FSM

SG/SM/8120, Secretary-General, Dismayed by Israeli Shelling in Gaza, Says Solution to Conflict Will Not Be Found through Violence, Retaliation, (February 11, 2002). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/09b2efb15e1c4fcc85256b5e004dc69c?OpenDocument

SG/SM/8129, Secretary-General, Briefing Security Council, Warns of Full-Fledged War in Middle East, But Says Path to Negotiating Table Still Exists, (February 21, 2002). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/bbb1e45b4c0e1cbd85256b6b005340dc?OpenDocument 

SG/SM/8182, Zinni Ceasefire Proposals Should Be Accepted by Palestinians; Israel Should Halt Assault on Palestinian Authority, Secretary-General Tells Security Council, (March 29, 2002). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/6c4ac9bf17f4bc5785256b8e005123b9?OpenDocument

SG/SM/8389, Secretary-General Highlights Key Elements of Quartet Plan for Middle East Peace, (September 17, 2002). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/0c0dfd3da2e152a485256c38004afc2a?OpenDocument

SG/SM/8605, Secretary-General Welcomes Announcement by Palestinian Authority President Arafat to Appoint Prime Minister, (February 14, 2003). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/63b03846e552748285256cd100542ee2?OpenDocument

SG/SM/8764, Secretary-General Welcomes Ceasefire Announcement by Palestinian Groups, (June 30, 2003). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/06882eb1552c5b7185256d55004c6f69?OpenDocument

SG/SM/9585, Secretary-General Deeply Moved at Death of President Arafat, (November 11, 2004). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/37050ff38c704b4d85256f490067609e?OpenDocument

SG/SM/9713, Secretary-General Commends Steps Taken by Israeli, Palestinian Leaders, (February 8, 2005). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/5daa6a20e0f865be85256fa200681050?OpenDocument

SG/SM/10044, Secretary-General Believes Israeli Disengagement from Gaza, Northern West Bank is ‘Moment of Promise and Hope’, (August 15, 2005). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/3a3afe483388c8668525705e00608c2f?OpenDocument

SG/SM/10051, Secretary-General Commends ‘Courageous Decision’ of Israeli Prime Minister Sharon on Disengagement Process; Condemns Terror Attack on Palestinian Civilians, (August 18, 2005). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/62e61311f676e07c8525706200497f0c?OpenDocument 

SG/SM/10115, Transcript of Press Conference on Middle East, by Secretary-General Kofi Annan, Quartet Foreign Ministers, at United Nations Headquarters, 20 September 2005, (September 20, 2005). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/0076097bfad0f17585257083004e730e?OpenDocument

SG/SM/10295, Secretary-General Deeply Concerned about Health of Israeli Prime Minister Sharon, (January 5, 2006). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/de8aa7034570c5f0852570ed00539c0f?OpenDocument

SG/SM/10547, Secretary-General Calls for Action by Both Palestinians, Israelis to Defuse Crises, (June 29, 2006). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/35a5ebc0b7422cfa8525719d00471cd8?OpenDocument 

SG/SM/10874, Secretary-General Welcomes Announcement in Mecca of Agreement on Palestinian National Unity Government, (February 8, 2007). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/b97dd8c8a12fcc5b8525727d004eb400?OpenDocument 

SG/SM/11047, Secretary-General Deeply Concerned for Ordinary Palestinians in Gaza, Deeply Disappointed at Failure of National Unity Government, in Light of Violence, (June 15, 2007). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/2756b664b9263398852572fb0062107d?OpenDocument

SG/SM/12025, Secretary-General Deeply Alarmed by Bloody Violence in Gaza, Southern Israel, (December 27, 2008). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/8d9c98c9ad42f9328525752e005439ad?OpenDocument

SG/SM/13501, Concerned by Escalating Violence in Gaza, Southern Israel, Secretary-General Calls for Calm, Maximum Restraint, (April 7, 2011). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/320d9718c82a4a5a8525786c004f99cd?OpenDocument

SG/T/2125, Secretary-General Visits Israel, 24 - 26 march, (March 30, 1998). http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/d0911f77d9bb1f14852574050052b8d6/fee521de8c99ea4c85256cbc00777dc7?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,Erez


（三）其他網路資料
The Question of Palestine：巴勒斯坦問題
http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/home.htm

UNRWA：聯合國近東巴勒斯坦難民救濟和工程處
http://www.unrwa.org/ 

UNIAPAL：United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine
http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf 

United Nations-The Question of Palestine-Map Collection
http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/vMaps?OpenView 

Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations
http://www.un.int/palestine/index.shtml 

WAFA：Palestine News Agency
http://english.wafa.ps/