都市建築立面之模式分析與系統設計

    全新落成的建築物保有最初面貌的時間非常短暫，建築師賦予建築物美好的造型與比例，希望所有人都欣賞自己的設計作品不要受到破壞，但是這樣的想法僅存在於剛落成至銷售時間。當新住戶進駐的那一刻起，第一個鐵窗出現，另一個陽台外推，雨遮、冷氣機、鐵皮屋、…等附加物任意生長在原有的建築物立面上，以微小單位的力量來改變建築物的外貌、空間形式與我們城市風格。

    由另一種角度來看，這現象可視為使用者與設計者之間的對話，兩者身處在相同時空背景與環境之下，然而對於建築意義有如此相異的思維方式。這些物件出現在建築立面上，給人混亂、不協調、無秩序、無美感等印象，被歸類為破壞市容的主因。但是就另一角度來探討，為何這樣物件與空間形式會大量出現在生活空間中，將問題回歸到建築的最基本原則 ─ 機能的最終目的在於滿足人們生活上多樣的需求。

    本論文是以新北市三重區為例，觀察現有公寓樓層建築物立面的建構模式，分析經常出現在建築立面上非設計師所設計的物件，是在何種情況下所產生的。市民在相同的時空環境下擁有共同的記憶、經驗、文化以及對於空間的認知，集合形成我們的城市特色。本研究試圖發掘我們城市中各種特色與環境的關係，並探討這些因素是如何反映在城市的空間之中，並發展出一套根據記憶與經驗，而不是都市更新規劃方式，探討如何在不同的都市空間尺度下，以系統設計的方式達到研究與設計操作的目的，找尋出影響都市模式不同的可能性。

Pattern Analysis and Systematic Design on Building Facade in the City 

    The length of time for a newly-built building to maintain its original appearance is very short.  Architects give buildings wonderful shape and proportion and hope everyone else would look at their work without destroying them.  However, this naive idea only exists between the time when the construction is completed and the selling time.  The moment new residents move in, there would be iron windows, modified balconies, awnings, air conditioners and galvanized-iron roofs etc.  These extra objects are put on the original building facade and the building’s form and the style of the city are changed by this tiny bit of power. 

    However, if one is to look at this from another angle, this phenomenon can be seen as the conversation between the user and the designer.   The two are from the same space-time background and in the same environment yet they have different ideas toward the meaning of architecture.  These objects on the building facade give people the impressions of disorder, incoordination, chaos and ugly and are categorized as the main factors that destroy the appearance of a city.  Moreover, we looked at this from a different viewpoint which was why are there massive amount of these objects and space forms in our living space?  We returned this question to the basic principle of architecture – the ultimate goal of any function is to satisfy people’s various needs in life.

    In the thesis, San-Chong District of New Taipei City was used as an example to observe the construction mode of the building facade of existing apartments and analyze the circumstances people are in when putting these objects that are not designed by the designer on the building facade.  Under the same space-time environment, city residents share similar memory, experience, culture and idea toward space, which together become the features of the city.  This research was conducted to try and find the relationship between each city feature and the environment and discuss the way these factors are reflected in the city space.  Moreover, the ways of using systematic design to reach the research and design goals under different urban space scales were discussed to find other ways to affect the urban style.

章節目錄：
第一章：緒論1
1-1  研究動機2
1-2  研究目的4
1-3  研究方法與範圍6
1-4  研究流程7
第二章：相關理論文獻與案例8
2-1 文獻與理論介紹9
2-2案例介紹12
第三章：物件設計操作17
3-1 前言18
3-2城市中的印象19
     3-2-1高架橋20
     3-2-2停車空間21
     3-2-3堤防22
     3-3-4商業服務據點23
     3-3-5室內空間延伸24
     3-3-6違章加蓋物25
     3-3-7空間臨時性.26
     3-3-8空間綠化27
3-3建築立面物件分析28
     3-3-1：居民日常生活方式/態度與建築立面關係29
     3-3-2：建築立面使用類型：立面34
     3-3-3：建築立面物件尺寸分析37
3-4設計研究操作38
     3-4-1：物件模組設計與空間設計操作39
     3-4-2：建築立面物件皮層設計：鐵窗40
     3-4-3：建築立面物件皮層設計：空間綠化55
     3-4-4：建築立面物件皮層設計：建築立面設計63
第四章：集合住宅設計操作70
     4-1：設計前言71
     4-2：住宅形式分析72
     4-3：設計操作74
第五章：結論與建議80
     5-1：結論81
     5-2：後續研究與建議82
參考文獻與書目83
附錄：參考案例網站與設計過程概念圖像85

內容
圖 1-1-1 生長環境 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................2
圖 1-1-2 參考書籍 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................2
圖 1-1-3 空間記憶集合..................................................................................................................................................................................................3
圖 1-1-4 三重地圖 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................3
圖 1-2- 2 社區日常生活空間..........................................................................................................................................................................................4
圖 1-2-1 城市街區 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................4
圖 1-3 現象分析區域................ ......................................................................................................................................................................................6
圖 2-1-1 2 東京製造內頁................................................................................................................................................................................................9
圖 2-1-1 3 東京製造內頁................................................................................................................................................................................................9
圖 2-1-1 1 東京製造 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................9
圖 2-1-2 1 隱形邏輯內頁..............................................................................................................................................................................................10
圖 2-1-2 1 隱形邏輯內頁..............................................................................................................................................................................................10
圖 2-1-2 1 隱形邏輯 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................10
圖 2-1-3 1 MVRDV 設計團隊 ....................................................................................................................................................................................11
圖 2-1-3 2 FARMAX 書籍............................................................................................................................................................................................11
圖 2-2-1 1 案例分析 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................12
圖 2-2-1 2 建案招牌.....................................................................................................................................................................................................12
圖 2-2-1 3 剖面圖 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................12
圖 2-2-1 4 現場建築物.................................................................................................................................................................................................12
圖 2-2-2 2 WoZoCo 老年公寓 立面............................................................................................................................................................................13
圖 2-2-2 3 WoZoCo 老年公寓 概念圖........................................................................................................................................................................13
圖 2-2-2 4 WoZoCo 老年公寓 概念圖........................................................................................................................................................................13
圖 2-2-2 1 WoZoCo 老年公寓 ....................................................................................................................................................................................13
圖 2-2-3 2 布蘭本特中央圖書館室內..........................................................................................................................................................................14
圖 2-2-3 3 布蘭本特中央圖書館立面..........................................................................................................................................................................14
圖 2-2-3 4 布蘭本特中央圖書館3D.............................................................................................................................................................................14
圖 2-2-3 1 布蘭本特中央圖書館.................................................................................................................................................................................14
圖 2-2-4 1 ZOETERMEER 陽台寓所概念圖............................................................................................................................................................15
圖 2-2-4 2 ZOETERMEER 陽台寓所........................................................................................................................................................................15
圖 2-2-5 2 六甲集合住宅立面 ....................................................................................................................................................................................16
圖 2-2-5 3 六甲集合住宅施工 ....................................................................................................................................................................................16
圖 2-2-5 1 六甲集合住宅.............................................................................................................................................................................................16
圖 3-1 城市中空間印象...............................................................................................................................................................................................18
圖 3-2 非正式臨時空間改造 ....................................................................................................................................................................................19
圖 3-2-1 5 高架橋周邊空間使用分析..........................................................................................................................................................................20
圖 3-2-1 2 市區高架橋.................................................................................................................................................................................................20
圖 3-2-1 3 市區高架橋.................................................................................................................................................................................................20
圖 3-2-1 4 市區高架橋.................................................................................................................................................................................................20
圖 3-2-1 1 高架橋.........................................................................................................................................................................................................20
圖 3-2-2 5 停車空間分析圖.........................................................................................................................................................................................21
圖 3-2-2 3 天橋下停車空間.........................................................................................................................................................................................21
圖 3-2-2 1 市區停車場.................................................................................................................................................................................................21
圖 3-2-2 2 街區停車場.................................................................................................................................................................................................21
圖 3-2-2 4 臨時停車空間.............................................................................................................................................................................................21
圖 3-2-3 4 堤防兩側空間使用分析.............................................................................................................................................................................22
圖 3-2-3 1 堤防兩側空間比較 ....................................................................................................................................................................................22
圖 3-2-3 2 堤防兩側空間.............................................................................................................................................................................................22
圖 3-2-3 2 堤防兩側空間.............................................................................................................................................................................................22
圖 3-2-3 3 堤防兩側空間.............................................................................................................................................................................................22
圖 3-2-4 5 服務據點空間分析 ....................................................................................................................................................................................23
圖 3-2-4 4 因地點而設置服務據點..............................................................................................................................................................................23
圖 3-2-4 1 路邊洗車服務.............................................................................................................................................................................................23
圖 3-2-4 2 工業聚集區..................................................................................................................................................................................................23
圖 3-2-4 3 商業聚集區 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................23
圖 3-2-5 4 室內商業空間延伸分析.............................................................................................................................................................................24
圖 3-2-5 2 室內商業空間延伸 ....................................................................................................................................................................................24
圖 3-2-5 3 室內商業空間延伸 ....................................................................................................................................................................................24
圖 3-2-5 1 市場空間.....................................................................................................................................................................................................24
圖 3-2-6 4 違章加蓋空間類型分析.............................................................................................................................................................................25
圖 3-2-6 1 違章加蓋空間.............................................................................................................................................................................................25
圖 3-2-6 2 違章加蓋空間2...........................................................................................................................................................................................25
圖 3-2-6 3 違章加蓋空間3...........................................................................................................................................................................................25
圖 3-2-7 5 臨時空間使用分析 ....................................................................................................................................................................................26
圖 3-2-7 1 臨時市場空間.............................................................................................................................................................................................26
圖 3-2-7 2 臨時市場空間2...........................................................................................................................................................................................26
圖 3-2-7 3 臨時攤販空間.............................................................................................................................................................................................26
圖 3-2-7 4 臨時攤販空間2...........................................................................................................................................................................................26
圖 3-2-8 2 植物與立面關係.........................................................................................................................................................................................27
圖 3-2-8 3 植物與街道關係.........................................................................................................................................................................................27
圖 3-2-8 4 植物與街道關係1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................27
圖 3-2-8 1 植物生長空間.............................................................................................................................................................................................27
圖 3-3 各類型建築立面圖...........................................................................................................................................................................................28
圖 3-3-1 1 附加物件分析圖 ....................................................................................................................................................................................29
圖 3-3-1 2 附加物件分析圖1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................30
圖 3-3-1 3 附加物件對應建築立面分析圖................................................................................................................................................................31
圖 3-3-1 4 空間使用影響建築形式分析 ..................................................................................................................................................................33
圖 3-3-2 1 建築形式繪製CAD...................................................................................................................................................................................35
圖 3-3-2 2 各類型物件空間尺寸對應分析...............................................................................................................................................................36
圖 3-3-3 1 鐵窗尺寸分析...........................................................................................................................................................................................37
圖 3-3-3 2 鐵窗尺寸分析2.........................................................................................................................................................................................37
圖 3-3-3 3 鐵窗尺寸分析3.........................................................................................................................................................................................37
圖 3-4-2 1 各類型鐵窗形式.......................................................................................................................................................................................40
圖 3-4-2 2 各類型鐵窗形式- 內部紋理 ..................................................................................................................................................................41
圖 3-4-2 3 人體尺寸與鐵窗開口範圍分析................................................................................................................................................................42
圖 3-4-2 4 不同密度組合成單元結構........................................................................................................................................................................43
圖 3-4-2 5 不同密度組合成結構立面........................................................................................................................................................................44
圖 3-4-2 6 單元物件決定立面形式............................................................................................................................................................................44
圖 3-4-2 7 單元物件決定立面形式2.........................................................................................................................................................................44
圖 3-4-2 8 單元物件決定立面形式3.........................................................................................................................................................................44
圖 3-4-2 9 單元物件基本結構...................................................................................................................................................................................45
圖 3-4-2 10 單元物件排列組合.................................................................................................................................................................................45
圖 3-4-2 11 物件尺寸排列密度與紋理分析.............................................................................................................................................................46
圖 3-4-2 12 物件尺寸排列密度紋理分析2...............................................................................................................................................................46
圖 3-4-2 13 物件尺寸排列密度紋理分析3...............................................................................................................................................................47
圖 3-4-2 14 物件排列紋理黑白圖.............................................................................................................................................................................48
圖 3-4-2 15 3D 示意圖...............................................................................................................................................................................................49
圖 3-4-2 16 3D 示意圖2..............................................................................................................................................................................................49
圖 3-4-2 17 3D 示意圖3..............................................................................................................................................................................................50
圖 3-4-2 19 建築物室內光影變化.............................................................................................................................................................................50
圖 3-4-2 18 3D 示意圖4..............................................................................................................................................................................................50
圖 3-4-2 20 原始結構體規則 ....................................................................................................................................................................................51
圖 3-4-2 22 原始結構體以亂數連結2.......................................................................................................................................................................51
圖 3-4-2 21 原始結構體以亂數連結.........................................................................................................................................................................51
圖 3-4-2 23 3D 示意圖...............................................................................................................................................................................................51
圖 3-4-2 24 3D 示意圖2.............................................................................................................................................................................................52
圖 3-4-2 25 結構演變分析.........................................................................................................................................................................................53
圖 3-4-2 25 結構演變分析.........................................................................................................................................................................................53
圖 3-4-2 26 結構演變分析2.......................................................................................................................................................................................53
圖 3-4-2 27 3D 示意圖...............................................................................................................................................................................................54
圖 3-4-3 2 植栽與空間關係2.................................................................................................................................................................................. 55
圖 3-4-3 1 植物與空間環境關係...............................................................................................................................................................................55
圖 3-4-3 4 物件演變過程分析3D 示意圖................................................................................................................................................................56
圖 3-4-3 3 物件演變過程分析...................................................................................................................................................................................56
圖 3-4-3 5 物件結構- 垂直水平結構式 ..................................................................................................................................................................57
圖 3-4-3 6 物件結構- 交叉結構式............................................................................................................................................................................57
圖 3-4-3 7 設計概念圖...............................................................................................................................................................................................57
圖 3-4-3 10 3D 示意圖3..............................................................................................................................................................................................58
圖 3-4-3 8 3D 示意圖.................................................................................................................................................................................................58
圖 3-4-3 9 3D 示意圖2...............................................................................................................................................................................................58
圖 3-4-3 12 植物生長方式與結構體關係.................................................................................................................................................................59
圖 3-4-3 11 物件結構3D............................................................................................................................................................................................59
圖 3-4-3 13 植物生長方式與結構體關係2...............................................................................................................................................................60
圖 3-4-3 14 植物生長方式與結構體關係3...............................................................................................................................................................60
圖 3-4-3 15 植物生長方式與結構體關係4...............................................................................................................................................................61
圖 3-4-3 16 3D 示意圖...............................................................................................................................................................................................62
圖 3-4-3 18 3D 示意圖- 室內 ....................................................................................................................................................................................62
圖 3-4-3 17 3D 示意圖2.............................................................................................................................................................................................62
圖 3-4-4 1 立面物件黑白圖 ....................................................................................................................................................................................63
圖 3-4-4 2 街廓立面現況...........................................................................................................................................................................................64
圖 3-4-4 3 建築立面剖面現況圖...............................................................................................................................................................................65
圖 3-4-4 3 建築立面剖面現況圖...............................................................................................................................................................................66
圖 3-4-4 5 陽台類型設計...........................................................................................................................................................................................67
圖 3-4-4 6 窗戶類型設計...........................................................................................................................................................................................67
圖 3-4-4 7 建築立面編碼系統...................................................................................................................................................................................68
圖 3-4-4 8 3D 示意圖.................................................................................................................................................................................................69
圖 3-4-4 9 3D 示意圖2...............................................................................................................................................................................................69
圖 3-4-4 10 3D 示意圖3..............................................................................................................................................................................................69
圖 4-1 1 台灣高樓層集合住宅...................................................................................................................................................................................71
圖 4-1 2 香港高樓層集合住宅...................................................................................................................................................................................71
圖 4-2 1 居住空間模式...............................................................................................................................................................................................72
圖 4-2 2 居住空間模式2.............................................................................................................................................................................................72
圖 4-2 3 居住空間模式3.............................................................................................................................................................................................73
圖 4-3 1 設計操作概念...............................................................................................................................................................................................74
圖 4-3 2 設計操作概念2.............................................................................................................................................................................................74
圖 4-3 3 建築物立面邊界分析...................................................................................................................................................................................75
圖 4-3 4 建築物立面邊界分析2.................................................................................................................................................................................75
圖 4-3 5 建築物立面邊界分析3.................................................................................................................................................................................76
圖 4-3 6 3D 示意圖.....................................................................................................................................................................................................76
圖 4-3 7 設計概念.......................................................................................................................................................................................................77
圖 4-3 8 設計概念2.....................................................................................................................................................................................................77
圖 4-3 9 3D 示意圖.....................................................................................................................................................................................................78
圖 4-3 10 3D 示意圖2.................................................................................................................................................................................................78
圖 4-3 11 3D 透視圖...................................................................................................................................................................................................79
圖 4-3 12 3D 透視圖2.................................................................................................................................................................................................79

李繼勉  2001《景觀構圖類型與視覺評估模式之關係》碩士論文，逢甲大學建築及都市計畫研究所。
潘勇成  1999《都市集合住宅社區外部開放空間對居民活動影響之研究》碩士論文，文化大學建築及都市計畫研究所。
翁瓊珍  1989《臺北市鄰里開放空間規劃之探討》碩士論文，臺灣大學園藝研究所。
陳惠美  1995《鄰里公園使用後評估模式之建立》碩士論文，臺灣大學園藝研究所。
崔宇宙  2007《現代集合住宅區戶外空間之在地化以韓國銀河水集合住宅區為例》碩士論文輔仁大學景觀設計學系。
葉漢祥  2007《都市集合住宅綠建築技術應用研究以仁愛路集合住宅為例》碩士論文， 國立台北科技大學建築與都市設計研究所。
黃小娥  2005《眷村改建計畫中社區網絡與公共空間關係之研究》碩士論文，南華大學環境與藝術研究所。
楊傑焜  2001《合作住宅模式機制之社區規劃設計以南投中興新村光明里社區震災後重建與更新為例》碩士論文，淡江大學建築學研究所。
林昆鼎  2004《改裝城市》碩士論文，淡江大學建築研究所。
羅明忠  2009《混搭城市都市混合使用空間之探討》碩士論文，淡江大學建築研究所。
江青澤  2009《數位模擬自然紋理於建築設計的過程》碩士論文，淡江大學建築研究所。
高紹軒  2008《拼裝建築》碩士論文， 淡江大學建築研究所。
陳劭彥  1999《可變動的建築與可程式化的空間》碩士論文，淡江大學建築研究所。
林秀怡  2004《擁擠台北的市民空間哲學》碩士論文，淡江建築研究所。

中英文書目：
謝慶達
1999 《現代都市地景》，台北：田園城市
貝島桃代+ 黑田潤+ 塚本由晴
2007 《東京製造Made in Tokyo》 ，台北：田園城市
季鐵男
2002 《Urban Flash 都市行動》 ，台北：田園城市
張為平
2009 《隱形邏輯 INVISIBLE LOGIC 》，中國：東南亞大學出版社
Winy Mass-MVRDV
1998 《FORMAX》：Uitgeverij 010 Publishers
劉樹鶴
1998 《住宅社區意向特色之研究》： 中華民國造園學會季刊26 期P12 － 26
建築案例設計作品
Habitat -
Moshe Safdie：http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Habitat_67.html
WoZoCo 老年公寓 - MVRDV：http://archidose.org/wp/1999/01/25/wozocos-apartments/
http://www.daapspace.daap.uc.edu/~larsongr/Larsonline/
MvRdv_files/MVR-wozoco.pdf
布蘭本特中央圖書館 - MVRDV：http://gal.zhulong.com/renwu/myphoto424_5996.htm
http://mshlg.5d6d.com/thread-4329-1-1.html
六甲集合住宅- 安藤忠雄：Tadao Ando 2 Outside Japan( 參考書籍)
相關設計參考網站：http://www.archdaily.com
http://www.modern-zen.com
http://www.ecofriend.com
http://inhabitat.com
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