蘇聯與波蘭是鄰國，不過兩國之間的關係史為:互相對抗，相互佔領與不斷的權力競爭。如此以來，兩國之間並沒有真正友好的關係。作者用蹺蹺板的比喻形容雙方的關係史：當一個國家佔優勢的時候，另一個國家則是處於劣勢者與慘敗者。但當兩國同時處於劣勢，表面上關係良好。其實，私底下利用各式各樣的方法來爭取各自國家的利益。蘇聯瓦解與冷戰結束後，這種關係漸漸的消逝了，但是到現在為止兩國關係還有很多爭論.

俄國對波蘭的觀點有下列因素：沙皇擴張政策、蘇聯安全政策與社會主義發展考量。對波蘭來說，具有重建恢復帝國或成為諸斯拉夫國家的領導作用。

由於第二次世界大戰之前的波蘭史是非常重要，因為先於1918年重建獨立的國家，二十年之後國家滅亡，不久接著又被蘇聯重新統治。蘇波兩國戰爭之前的重要主題如下：

1. 背景
-  波蘭立陶宛帝國-莫斯科大公國  
-	波蘭瓜分-俄國帝國
-	第一次世界大戰結果-1920年代蘇波戰爭

2. 波蘭作為獨立之國-蘇聯作為共產黨之國
-	波蘭外交策略
-	蘇聯外交策略與德蘇軍事合作

3. 第二次世界大戰
-	在蘇聯統治之下的東波蘭
-	西方、波蘭與蘇聯之間的外交策略
-	波蘭共產黨員與二次大戰發展
-	波蘭作為蘇聯的衛星國

本文研究第二次世界大戰之前期、中期和後期的蘇波關係，描繪當時國際政治的情況以及說明兩國和西方同盟之間的外交策略與目的，也分析蘇聯對波蘭侵佔策略與霸權。

The history of Polish-Russian relations was marked by rivalry, conquest and power play.
 
Generally, Russia’s policy towards Poland revolved on Tsarist expansionism, Soviet security concerns, advancement of socialism; while that of Poland towards Russia centered on the dream of revival of an old empire or Polish supremacy among the Slavic nations.

The author investigates primarily the inter-war period, because it precipitated Poland’s re-emergence as independent state in the 20th century, her downfall 20 years later and subordination to the USSR.  The Polish-Soviet interwar relations include the following important issues: 

a)  Background
-	Polish-Lithuanian Empire/ Rise of Muscovy
-	The Partitions of Poland / Tsarist Empire
-	WWI aftermath/ 1920 Polish-Soviet War

b)	Independent Poland / Communist Soviet Union
-	Poland foreign policy
-	Soviet diplomacy and Soviet-German collaboration

c) WWII
-	Eastern Poland under Soviet occupation
-	Western, Polish, Soviet diplomatic overture
-	Polish communists and war development
-	Towards a Soviet Satellite

The thesis presents in detail the Polish-Soviet relations on the eve, during and the aftermath of WWII, analyzing the circumstances and revealing the motives of the diplomatic moves of both countries and to a certain extent the position of Poland’s Western allies. The mechanism of Soviet hegemony’s encroachments on Poland is also given due attention.

Chapter 1: Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
1.1: Motivation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 
1.2: Purpose - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 
1.3: Research Methods - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 
1.4: Research Scope - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 
1.5: Research Limitation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 
1.6: Thesis Structure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 

Chapter 2: Historical Background of Soviet-Polish 
Relations and its Implications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -8
2.1: The Seeds of Tomorrow’s Conflict: 
The First World War - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ---- 8 
2.2: Polish-Soviet War (February 1919~March 1921)- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -  12 

Chapter 3: International Relations and Soviet Diplomacy - - - - - - - - - -  -  20
3.1: Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35 

Chapter 4: The “Fourth Partition” - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39
4.1: Contemplating the Fall of Poland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41 

Chapter 5: Mantle of Soviet Occupation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 54
5.1: Forced Assimilation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 54 
5.2: Showcase of Stalinism - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 60 

Chapter 6: The Significance of Katyń Massacre - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 66

Chapter 7: Stalin's Diplomatic Coup - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 79
7.1: The Basis of Soviet Contentions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -  83 
7.2: The Tehran and Yalta Conferences - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 86 

Chapter 8: The Rise of Polish Communists and their 
Connections with Moscow - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 90

8.1: The Polish Underground Movement and its 
Struggle for Liberation and Power - - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -95 

8.2: Warsaw Uprising - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --99 
8.3: Parliamentary Façade, the Communists at the Helm - - - - - - - - - - - - - 107 

Chapter 9: Conclusion: Satellite Status, 
would have it been prevented? - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 109

9.1: The Grip of Stalinism- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 110 
9.2: The Enemy Within - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 113 
9.3: The Nadir of American Diplomacy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 122 
9.4: Churchill, to Curb Empire’s Sunset - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 125 

Appendices: - - - - -130
A1: Report to the Eighteenth Congress of the C.P.S.U. 
on the Work of the Central Committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 130
A2: Stalin's Order for the Katyń Massacre: Original 
Russian Text - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 135
A3: Secret Report of 10 June 1940 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -  137 
A4: Stalin's Radio Address, July 3, 1941 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 138
A5: Chronology - - - 142 

Maps: - - - - - - - -147 
M1: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1630 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - 147 
M2: Outline of the Commonwealth Superimposed 
on present-day national borders - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - - - - - -  - -148 
M3: Map of Poland as Partitioned in 1772, 1793, and 1795- - - - - - - - - - - - 149
M4: Poland 1920-1939 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 150 
M5: Territories Annexed by Germany and 
The Soviet Union in 1939 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -    -  151 
M6: The Defense of Poland and German Invasion Plan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 152
M7: Poland by September 14, 1939 and the Soviet Invasion Plan - - - - - - - - 153  
M8: Operation Barbarossa, June 22, 1941 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 154 
M9: German Advance, by December 5, 1941 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 155 
M10: How close were the Germans towards Moscow? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 156 
M11: Eastern Front and the Red Army Advance, Operation Bagration --- - - - -157
M12: Poland, 1945 - -158 

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