本研究選用丙烷作為重組器之燃料，並針對重組程序結合燃料電池系統進行最適化分析，以利於鋰電池替代技術之發展。本研究使用Aspen Custom Modeler®建立重組程序結合燃料電池系統，並與文獻實驗數據進行驗證。此研究將討論丙烷蒸氣重組(SR)與部分氧化重組(POX)程序之最大化單位體積效能，其結構包含丙烷重組器、甲烷自熱式重組器、水轉移反應器、一氧化碳優先氧化反應器。由靈敏度分析得知影響重組程序之最適化變數為燃料進料比、丙烷重組器操作溫度、甲烷自熱式重組器操作溫度、水轉移反應器操作溫度、添加水量及一氧化碳優先氧化反應器長度。最適化結果顯示 SR與POX重組程序之體積差異不大，但效能分別為74.63%與65.58%。而燃料電池設計於相同電力規格，SR程序氫氣濃度較POX程序高，則燃料電池體積較小，故SR與POX程序結合燃料電池之單位體積效能分別為38.63%與26.11%。熱能整合結果顯示系統效能有效提升，但熱交換器體積上升，導致SR與POX程序單位體積效能皆下降，上述分析結果皆顯示SR程序單位體積效能較高，則SR程序較適用於攜帶式產品。

In order to facilitate the development of alternative technology for lithium battery, optimal analysis of the Reforming process/Fuel cell systems process were investigated. Due to the convenience of the portable device, Propane was used as the fuel of the reforming. The process consists of propane reformer, methane autothermal reformer, water gas shift reactor, and carbon monoxide preferential oxidation reactors. In the study, Aspen Custom Modeler® was used to build the Reforming/Fuel cell systems model which was validated by literature data. Two Reaction path(Steam Reforming, SR & Partial Oxidation, POX) are taken into consideration of the maximum unit volumetric efficiency. For maximizing unit volume efficiencies of SR and POX, the dominated variables which can be found by using sensitivity analysis are: the operating temperature of the propane reformer, methane autothermal reformer, the water gas shift reactor, fuel feed ratio, water injection flowrate and the length of carbon monoxide preferential oxidation reactors. Simulation results show that the volume of SR and POX process are close, and the system efficiency are 74.63% and 65.58% respectively. For the same power demand, the hydrogen concentration of reforming process leads to the fact that the unit volume efficiency of the SR Reforming/Fuel cell systems is higher than POX process. Heat integration make the system efficiency be improved effectively, but the volume of the heat exchanger is also increased, which causes the decrease of the unit volumetric efficiency. For the above analysis, the SR process is more suitable for the portable device.

中文摘要	I
英文摘要	II
目錄	III
圖目錄	VI
表目錄	XI
第一章 緒論	1
1.1 背景	1
1.2 文獻回顧	5
1.2.1 燃料選擇	5
1.2.2 微型重組器	6
1.2.3 重組器之熱能整合	7
1.2.4 丙烷重組器	8
1.3 研究動機	9
1.4 論文組織	9
第二章 單元模式建立	11
2.1程序描述	12
2.2反應器選擇	13
2.2.1 丙烷蒸氣/部分氧化重組微流道反應器建立	15
2.2.2 甲烷自熱式重組、清潔單元及尾氣氧化微流道反應器建立	18
2.2.3 熱交換器建立	20
2.3輸送性質	21
2.3.1 擴散係數	21
2.3.2 質傳係數	22
2.4燃料電池建立	23
2.5反應動力學模式建立與驗證	25
2.5.1 微流道反應器建立方法	26
2.5.2 丙烷蒸氣重組反應動力學驗證	30
2.5.3 丙烷部分氧化反應動力學驗證	34
2.5.4 丙烷微流道反應器建立方法修正	39
2.5.5 甲烷自熱式重組微流道反應器建立與驗證	46
2.5.6 水轉移反應器建立與驗證	48
2.5.7 一氧化碳優先氧化反應器建立與驗證	51
2.5.8 尾氣氧化反應器建立	54
2.5.9 燃料電池驗證建立與驗證	58
2.6 微流道反應器物理參數說明	61
2.7 結果討論	62
第三章 基本個案建立與程序結構設計	64
3.1反應器規格說明	64
3.2基本個案建立	66
3.2.1 重組單元建立	68
3.2.2 熱交換機制說明	72
3.2.3 清潔單元建立	75
3.4程序結構設計	78
3.4.1 典型水轉移反應器結構(Structure1, S1)	78
3.4.2 改良水轉移反應器結構(Structure2, S2)	79
3.4.3 水轉移反應器結構可操作度比較	81
3.4.4 改良之基本個案結果	81
3.5結果討論	88
第四章 反應路徑特性分析	90
4.1目標函數建立與說明	90
4.2設計自由度分析 (Design Degree of Freedom)	91
4.2.1 進料條件設定	96
4.2.2 觸媒反應特性	97
4.2.3 微流道深度與深寬比設定	99
4.2.4 反應器目標規格與觸媒溫度限制	100
4.2.5 設計自由度分析結果	101
4.3目標函數、最適化變數及限制條件	102
4.4靈敏度分析(Sensitivity analysis)	103
4.5最適化分析	112
4.5.1最適化結果搜尋方法	113
4.5.2 最適化結果	115
4.6結果討論	120
第五章 發電系統與熱能整合設計	121
5.1燃料電池設計方法說明	121
5.1.1質子交換膜燃料電池建立	122
5.1.2質子交換膜燃料電池規格設定	124
5.1.3質子交換膜燃料電池設計	124
5.1.4質子交換膜燃料電池氫氣需求量	126
5.1.5重組程序變化	127
5.2質子交換膜燃料電池體積	128
5.3重組程序體積	130
5.4 結果與討論	132
5.5 熱能整合	134
5.5.1 狹點分析法	134
5.5.2 冷熱物流資料表建立	135
第六章 結論	152
符號說明	154
參考文獻	159
附錄	165
 
圖目錄
圖1.1 全球3C產品之產量與預測值[1]	1
圖1.2 電池理論能量密度	2
圖1.3 鋰電池與燃料電池實際系統體積比較	2
圖2.1 典型燃料重組器流程圖 (Fuel cell handbook, 2000)	12
圖2.2 丙烷燃料重組器流程圖	12
圖2.3 微流道示意圖：(a)單一平板與(b)單一流道構造	14
圖2.4以傳統重組反應器設計微流道重組器之設計流程示意圖	27
圖2.5 重組反應器出口(a) 氫氣莫爾分率, (b)一氧化碳莫爾分率[14]	28
圖2.6 丙烷蒸氣重組填充床反應器之驗證結果：實驗數據(標記)與模擬結果(線段)個案操作條件如表2.6	33
圖2.7 丙烷部分氧化重組填充床反應器之驗證：實驗數據(標記)與模擬結果(線段)個案操作條件如表2.11	38
圖2.8 以傳統重組反應器設計微流道重組器之設計流程修改示意圖	42
圖2.9 丙烷蒸氣重組微流道反應器建立：實驗數據(標記)、填充床(實線)與微流道反應器(虛線)模擬個案結果	43
圖2.10 丙烷部分氧化微流道反應器建立：實驗數據(標記)、填充床(實線)與微流道反應器(虛線)個案模擬結果	44
圖2.11 甲烷自熱式重組微流道反應器個案驗證：文獻模擬之出口結果(標記)與模擬結果(實線)	48
圖2.12 水轉移微流道反應器個案驗證：實驗數據(標記)與模擬結果(實線)	50
圖2.13 一氧化碳優先氧化微流道反應器個案驗證：文獻模擬結果(標記)與模擬結果(實線)	53
圖2.14 尾氣氧化反應器模擬結果	57
圖2.15 質子交換膜燃料電池個案驗證：文獻模擬結果(標記)與模擬結果(實線)	60
圖2.16 微流道截面示意圖	61
圖2.17 全流程示意圖	63
圖3.1重組單元結構示意圖	69
圖3.2清潔單元結構示意圖	69
圖3.3 SR路徑之重組單元溫度，各組成流量及丙烷轉化率之內部分佈圖	70
圖3.4 POX路徑之重組單元溫度、各組成流量及丙烷轉化率之內部分佈圖	71
圖3.5電加熱機制模擬結果	73
圖3.6冷卻機制模擬結果	74
圖3.7 SR路徑之清潔單元溫度、各組成流量及一氧化碳轉化率之內部分佈圖	76
圖3.8 POX路徑之清潔單元溫度、各組成流量及一氧化碳轉化率之內部分佈圖	77
圖3.9典型水轉移反應結構示意圖	79
圖3.10典型水轉移反應結構之反應器內部溫度分布與平衡限制	79
圖3.11改良水轉移反應結構示意圖	80
圖3.12改良水轉移反應結構之反應器內部溫度分布與平衡限制	80
圖3.13反應溫度對不同結構的影響結果	81
圖3.14 POX程序流程圖	83
圖3.15 SR程序之重組單元內部分布圖	84
圖3.16 SR程序之一氧化碳移除單元內部分布圖	85
圖3.17 POX程序之重組單元內部分布圖	86
圖3.18 POX程序之一氧化碳移除單元內部分布圖	87
圖4.1 一氧化碳優先氧化反應器之進料溫度與選擇率之關係圖	98
圖4.2 改變重組反應器反應溫度對系統體積與效能的影響	105
圖4.3 改變進料比例對系統體積與效能的影響	106
圖4.4 改變甲烷自熱式重組反應器反應溫度對系統體積與效能的影響	107
圖4.5 改變添加水量對系統體積與效能的影響	108
圖4.6 改變水轉移反應器反應溫度對系統體積與效能的影響	109
圖4.7 改變一氧化碳優先氧化反應器之長度對系統體積與效能的影響	110
圖4.8 改變第2段PROX反應器入口空氣添加量對系統體積與效能的影響	111
圖4.9目標氫氣產量與系統體積之最適化結果圖	112
圖4.10 SR最適化個案程序流程圖	117
圖4.11 POX最適化個案程序流程圖	117
圖4.12 SR程序最適化結果之系統內部分布圖	118
圖4.13 POX程序最適化結果之系統內部分布圖	119
圖5.1 質子交換膜燃料電池反應示意圖	123
圖5.2 單一燃料電池電流-電壓關係圖(I-V curve)	125
圖5.3 單一燃料電池個數與面積關係圖	126
圖5.4 氫氣濃度對燃料電池影響	127
圖5.5 質子交換膜燃料電池體積示意圖	128
圖5.6 微流道反應器總體積示意圖	131
圖5.7微流道反應器與燃料電池堆疊示意圖	133
圖5.8冷熱複合曲線圖	135
圖5.9 SR程序冷熱物流	136
圖5.10 POX程序冷熱物流	136
圖5.11最小溫度差與能源及成本之關係圖	139
圖5.12 SR程序之複合曲線圖	140
圖5.13 POX程序之複合曲線圖	141
圖5.14 SR程序之熱交換網路合成	146
圖5.15 SR程序之熱交換器網路組態設計	147
圖5.16 SR程序之熱交換器網路簡易設計(Relaxation Network)	147
圖5.17 POX程序之熱交換網路合成	149
圖5.18 POX程序之熱交換器網路組態設計	150
圖5.19 POX程序之熱交換器網路簡易設計(Relaxation Network)	150

 
表目錄
表1.1 各類燃料電池分類及應用	3
表1.2燃料含氫量	6
表2.1 原子與官能基之擴散體積增量	21
表2.2 丙烷蒸氣重組反應之反應式與動力式	30
表2.3 丙烷蒸氣重組反應動力學中的動力學參數	31
表2.4 丙烷蒸氣重組反應動力學中的吸附常數	31
表2.5 丙烷蒸氣重組器驗證個案之裝置尺寸	32
表2.6 丙烷蒸氣重組器驗證個案之操作條件	32
表2.7 丙烷部分氧化反應之反應式與動力式	34
表2.8 丙烷部分氧化反應動力學中的動力學參數	35
表2.9 丙烷部分氧化反應動力學中的吸附常數	36
表2.10 丙烷部分氧化器驗證個案之裝置尺寸	36
表2.11 丙烷部分氧化器驗證個案之操作條件	37
表2.15 甲烷自熱式重組反應之反應式與動力式	46
表2.16 甲烷自熱式重組反應動力學中的動力學參數	46
表2.17 甲烷自熱式重組反應動力學中的吸附參數	47
表2.18 甲烷自熱式重組器驗證個案之裝置尺寸	47
表2.19 甲烷自熱式重組器驗證個案之操作條件	47
表2.20 水轉移反應之反應式與動力式	48
表2.21 水轉移反應動力學中的動力學參數	49
表2.22 水轉移反應器驗證個案之裝置尺寸	49
表2.23 水轉移反應器驗證個案之操作條件	50
表2.24 優先氧化反應之反應式與動力式	51
表2.25 優先氧化反應動力學中的動力學參數	51
表2.26 優先氧化反應動力學中的吸附參數	52
表2.27 優先氧化反應器驗證個案之裝置尺寸	52
表2.28 優先氧化反應器驗證個案之操作條件	53
表2.29 文獻之尾氣氧化反應器個案之裝置尺寸	54
表2.30 文獻之尾氣氧化反應器個案之操作條件	55
表2.31 尾氣氧化反應器個案之操作條件	56
表2.32尾氣氧化反應器出口結果比較	56
表2.33 燃料電池個案之參數]	58
表2.34 燃料電池個案之裝置尺寸	58
表2.35 質子交換膜燃料電池個案之操作條件	59
表2.34 物理參數計算	61
表3.1 燃料電池入口成分屬性	65
表3.2 微流道重組文獻彙整	66
表3.3重組器文獻操作條件比較表	67
表3.4 流速與氫氣產量分析結果	67
表3.5 程序個案結果	89
表4.1 丙烷微流道重組產氫系統變數彙整表	93
表4.2 丙烷微流道重組產氫系統方程式彙整表	94
表4.3 微流道重組反應器濕式蝕刻製造相關文獻彙整	99
表4.4 基本個案與最適化個案比較表	116
表4.5 最適化設計結果	116
表5.1 市售行動電源資訊	124
表5.2 不同重組程序之燃料電池設計結果	128
表5.3 雙極板厚度文獻彙整	129
表5.4 質子交換膜燃料電池結果	130
表5.5 器壁間距彙整表	131
表5.6重組程序結果	131
表5.7 發電系統設計結果	132
表5.9 SR程序之物流資料表	137
表5.10 POX程序之物流資料表	138
表5.11 重組程序之熱能整合前後比較結果	144
表5.12 SR程序之配對資料	145
表5.13 POX程序之配對資料	148

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