本研究使用玻璃製震盪式熱管，內、外徑分別為3 mm及6 mm，工作流體為去離子水及90 ppm之四氧化三鐵磁性奈米流體，填充率固定50 %，冷凝端操作溫度為25°C，輸入加熱功率20、60、100、140及180 W，分別在無磁場、不同磁通密度大小(1415、935及625高斯)及不同磁場施加狀態下進行實驗，利用數位攝影機拍攝記錄，觀察管路中工作流體的作動情形以及磁性奈米流體搭配磁場下對震盪式熱管之影響，並分析其熱阻。
結果顯示，加入磁性奈米流體能夠提升震盪式熱管之性能，並且在磁場作用後，震盪式熱管之熱阻會隨著磁場強度的增強而降低；在各種實驗參數下，熱阻會隨著加熱功率增加而下降，並且在瓦數從20加至60 W時，磁場之影響最為顯著，但在較高功率時，各熱阻值均趨於一致，因此在較高功率下磁性奈米流體及磁場對於震盪式熱管之影響並不明顯。另外在磁場作用下，磁性奈米顆粒會因磁場之吸力而吸附於管壁上，在特定瓦數將磁場移除後，吸附之顆粒不會因為加熱功率及震盪頻率的增加而脫落，磁性奈米顆粒一旦受磁場作用後，將能夠穩固的吸附於管壁，並且維持震盪式熱管之熱性能。

The present research a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) was made of glass material with an inner and outer diameters of 3 mm and 6 mm for 50 % fill ratio was employed. The heat input was applied at 20, 60, 100, 140 and 180 W. Distilled Water and Fe3O4 nanofluid with different concentrations of 90 ppm were used as working fluid, and cooling water temperature was set at 25 °C. Experiment was conducted under no magnetic field and three different magnetic flux density (1415, 935 and 625 Gause). In order to investigate the effects of ferrofluid and magnetic field on the thermal resistance of PHP, a video camera was set to observe the motion of working fluid in PHP, and temperatures were measured.
The results showed that addition of ferrofluid can improve the performance of pulsating heat pipe, and under the magnetic field, thermal resistance reduces with an increase in magnetic flux density and heat input for all experimental parameters; When the heat input was increased from 20W to 60W, a significant drop in thermal resistance was observed. At heat inputs higher than 100W, the thermal resistance tends to be approximately same in all the tests, indicating that the ferrofluid and magnetic field have no prominent effect on PHP. In addition, particles of the ferrofluid securely deposit on the wall under the influence of magnetic field. When the magnetic field was removed at certain wattage, the deposited particles remain deposited even with increasing heat input and oscillating frequency. Once the magnetic nanoparticles are securely deposited on the wall, it was found that the thermal performance of the pulsating heat pipe also remains unchanged, irrespective of the presence of magnetic field.

目錄
中文摘要	I
英文摘要	II
目錄	IV
圖目錄	VII
表目錄	X
符號說明	XI
第一章 緒論	1
1-1 研究背景	1
1-2 文獻回顧	1
1-2-1 震盪式熱管	1
1-2-2 奈米流體應用於震盪式熱管	5
1-2-3 磁場與磁性奈米流體應用於震盪式熱管	13
1-3 研究動機	21
1-4 研究目的	22
第二章 理論基礎	23
2-1 震盪式熱管介紹	23
2-1-1 震盪式熱管工作原理	23
2-1-2 震盪式熱管設計參數	26
2-1-3 PHP熱傳機制	31
2-1-4 熱通量與震盪式熱管運作關係	32
2-2 奈米流體介紹	35
2-2-1 奈米粉末團聚的影響	36
2-2-2 奈米流體增強機制	40
2-3 磁場介紹	41
第三章 實驗設計	43
3-1 PHP設計	44
3-2 冷凝端設計	45
3-3 蒸發端設計	46
3-4 磁場設置	46
第四章 實驗架設及步驟	49
4-1 磁性奈米流體製備	49
4-2 真空處理及工作流體填充	50
4-2-1 真空測漏	50
4-2-2 充填流程	51
4-2-3 管路清洗	52
4-3 實驗設備架設	52
4-3-1 實驗周邊設備	52
4-3-2 熱電偶線架設	56
4-3-3 熱電偶線溫度校正	56
4-4 實驗參數及步驟	57
第五章 實驗分析與結果討論	61
5-1 磁場強度對熱阻之影響	61
5-2 磁場強度對熱阻之影響	64
5-3 不同磁場施加狀態對熱阻之影響	66
5-4 不同加熱狀態對熱阻之影響	69
第六章 結論與未來展望	70
6-1 結論	70
6-2 未來展望	71
參考文獻	72
附錄一　四氧化三鐵奈米顆粒資料	78
附錄二　磁通密度1415高斯誤差分析	79
附錄三　各實驗蒸發端、冷凝端平均溫度及溫差	80



 
圖目錄
圖1 1 水在不同管內徑大小下對熱通量之影響[4]	2
圖1 2 乙醇在不同管內徑大小下對熱通量之影響[4]	2
圖1 3 R-123在不同管內徑大小下對熱通量之影響[4]	3
圖1 4 震盪式熱管設計之邊界關係[5]	3
圖1 5 單迴路震盪式熱管[6]	4
圖1 6 震盪式熱管實體圖[7]	5
圖1 7 水、奈米流體在不同加熱功率之熱阻[9]	6
圖1 8 不同冷凝端溫度及加熱功率下之熱阻[9]	6
圖1 9 填充率60 %時，不同工作流體之熱阻[10]	7
圖1 10 三氧化二鋁奈米顆粒於蒸發端之沉澱[11]	8
圖1 11 填充率50 %，水、二氧化矽各濃度及各加熱功率之蒸發端溫度[12]	9
圖1 12 填充率50 %，水、三氧化二鋁各濃度及各加熱功率之蒸發端溫度[12]	9
圖1 13 不同工作流體在不同充填率下之熱阻[13]	10
圖1 14 不同工作流體在不同加熱功率下之熱阻[14]	11
圖1 15 不同加熱功率下水及奈米流體之熱阻比較[15]	12
圖1 16 水與有無磁場之磁性奈米流體在充填率55%下之熱阻比較[16]	13
圖1 17 不同充填率下水與有無磁場之磁性奈米流體熱阻比較[17]	14
圖1 18 磁性奈米流體在磁場作用下的熱阻比較[18]	15
圖1 19 不同充填率之水與磁性奈米流體受磁場作用下之熱阻值比較[19]	16
圖1 20 水及磁性奈米流體施加磁場於不同位置之熱阻比較[20]	17
圖1 21 非凝結氣體多寡及有無磁場下之熱阻比較[21]	18
圖1 22 水與不同濃度磁性奈米流體以及磁場下的熱阻比較[22]	19
圖1 23 各工作流體於磁場作用下之熱阻表現	20
圖2 1 PHP作動示意圖[23]	24
圖2 2 三種不同PHP迴路之形式[24]	25
圖2 3 流道中不同工作流體生成汽泡上升參數實驗結果[25]	27
圖2 4 震盪式熱管管徑2 mm與1 mm最大熱傳量的比較[4]	28
圖2 5 PHP管內徑壓力分布圖[6]	30
圖2 6 單迴圈閉路型PHP熱力循環示意圖[7]	31
圖2 7 冷凝端塊狀流和蒸發端環狀流示意圖[5]	32
圖2 8 輸入熱通量與PHP熱阻關係圖[5]	34
圖2 9 輸入熱通量與PHP運作關係圖[6]	34
圖2 10 熱傳導係數對團聚塊狀體填充分率關係圖[29]	36
圖2 11 團聚現象影響熱傳導係數比值關係圖2-X[30]	37
圖2 12 團聚程度影響熱傳導係數比值關係圖[31]	38
圖2 13 震盪時間影響熱傳係數比值關係圖[32]	39
圖2 14 體積百分率與熱傳係數比值關係圖[32]	39
圖2 15 磁力線示意圖	41
圖2 16 磁性奈米顆粒在磁場作用下排列之TEM圖[33]	42
圖3 1 震盪式熱管詳細尺寸	44
圖3 2 冷凝端設計詳細尺寸	45
圖3 3 釹鐵硼強力磁鐵實體圖及尺寸	46
圖3 4 PHP與磁場設置示意圖	47
圖3 5 震盪式熱管各管路編號	47
圖3 6 磁場設置時各管路之磁通密度(Gause)	48
圖4-1 奈米流體實體圖	49
圖4-2 水的三相圖	50
圖4-3 真空幫浦GLD-201B	53
圖4-4 電源供應器 Chroma 62024P-80-60	54
圖4-5 訊號擷取器Imc Spartan-L	54
圖4-6 恆溫水槽	55
圖4-7 流量計	55
圖4-8 熱電偶線位置及實驗架設圖	56
圖4-9 PHP表面平均溫度與時間關係圖	58
圖4-10 表面平均溫度與時間關係圖(100W時穩態之900秒)	58
圖4-11 蒸發端與冷凝端熱電偶線位置圖	59
圖5-1 水之蒸發端、冷凝端實驗溫度擷取圖	61
圖5-2 無施加磁場磁性奈米流體之蒸發端、冷凝端實驗溫度擷取圖	62
圖5-3 磁通密度1415高斯時之蒸發端、冷凝端實驗溫度擷取圖	62
圖5-4 水之蒸發端、冷凝端溫度與時間關係圖	63
圖5-5 無施加磁場磁性奈米流體之蒸發端、冷凝端溫度與時間關係圖	63
圖5-6 磁通密度1415高斯時蒸發端、冷凝端溫度與時間關係圖	63
圖5-7 水及有無磁場磁性奈米流體蒸發端、冷凝端溫差與加熱功率關係圖	64
圖5-8 水與磁性奈米流體之熱阻值	65
圖5-9 水與磁性奈米流體之熱阻值(60-180W)	66
圖5-10 震盪式熱管不同磁場狀態下之沉澱情形(a)20 W(b)180 W	68
圖5-11 磁性奈米流體磁場強度為625高斯時步階加熱及直接加熱之熱阻值	69

表目錄
表1 1 使用磁場於磁性奈米流體震盪式熱管之研究歸納表	21
表2 1 不同工作流體理想範圍	27
表4-1 實驗參數	57
表5-1 不同磁場狀態施加於935高斯下之熱阻值	67

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