本研究針對操作參數對平板沉浸式薄膜過濾BSA溶液之影響進行探討，討論的變數包括有曝氣量、抽濾壓力、薄膜特性及模組傾斜角度等。本研究得出: (1)過濾BSA溶液，使用親水性薄膜有較高的濾速值。(2)在過濾BSA系統中，相同曝氣量下，薄膜傾斜160度時之濾速大於傾斜90度時之濾速。(3)薄膜的阻塞方式不是依據標準阻塞、完全阻塞、中間阻塞及濾餅過濾等逐漸發生，而是同時發生。(4)進料濃度的改變，不會改變阻塞方式。(5)從阻塞模式分析發現，曝氣量能有效降低濾餅過濾阻塞阻力。

In this study, the influences of operating parameters on flat-membrane submerged filtrations of BSA solution were investigated. The operating parameters included aeration rate, suction pressure, membrane characteristics and module inclination angle. The experimental results were summarized as follows: (1) During the operation of single-liquid phase filtration of BSA solution, hydrophilic membrane has a higher flux than hydrophobic one; (2) The flux of 1600 membrane inclination is higher than that of 900 inclination at the same aeration rate; (3) The way of blocking of the membrane does not happen step by step from standard blocking, complete blocking, intermediate blocking to cake filtration, but occurs coincidently; (4) The change of feed concentrate does not influence the way of blocking; (5) Aeration can effectively reduce the filtration resistance of cake filtration according to the blocking mechanism analysis.

目錄
圖索引	                                IV
表索引	                              VIII
第一章 緒論	                        1
1.1 前言	                                 1
1.2 薄膜分離	                        1
1.3 薄膜之特性	                        2
1.4 濃度極化與結垢現象	               3
  1.4.1 濃度極化                          4
  1.4.2 結垢                              5
1.5 本研究之目標                          6
第二章 文獻回顧	                        9
2.1 薄膜生物反應器	                        9
2.2 沉浸式薄膜生物反應槽	              11
  2.2.1 SMBR污水處理設備之原理           11
  2.2.2 SMBR污水處理設備之操作特性       12
  2.2.3 SMBR與傳統活性污泥法之比較       14
2.3  BSA溶液分離之相關研究	             16
2.4 影響濾速的因素          	17
2.5 提高濾速的方法                 	19
2.6 掃流超過濾濾速分析模式	             23   
第三章 實驗裝置與方法	             34
3.1 實驗裝置                             34
3.2 實驗藥品及薄膜                       34
3.3 操作條件                             35
3.4 實驗方法與步驟                       35
 3.4.1 操作參數對濾速的影響              35
 3.4.2 濾速回復測試                      36
 3.4.3 長時間觀測濾速行為                36
第四章 結果與討論	                       42
 4.1 薄膜結構與純水濾速	               42
 4.2 操作參數對濾速之影響	               43
 4.2.1單一液相系統                        43
 4.2.2 薄膜特性及阻隔分子量的影響         44
 4.2.3 濃度的影響                         46
 4.2.4 曝氣量及傾斜角的影響               46
4.3 過濾阻力                              48
 4.3.1 薄膜特性之影響                     48
 4.3.2 曝氣之影響                         49
 4.4 阻塞模式                             50
 4.4.1 阻塞模式之驗證                     50
 4.4.2 曝氣量的影響                       52
第五章 結論	                        75
符號說明                                  77
參考文獻                                   79

圖索引

圖1.1 濾餅過濾及掃流過濾示意圖	         8
圖2.1 回收水處理設備比較圖       	         27
圖2.2傳統活性污泥設備及SMBR處理流程圖	28
圖2.3  Fixed TMP實驗下Critical flux之發生	29
圖2.4  Fixed Flux實驗下壓力隨時間之變化	30
圖2.5 Fixed Flux實驗下壓力隨時間之變化	30
圖2.6 粒子阻塞機制	                            31
圖2.7 提高濾速方法之流程圖	                   32
圖2.8 氣液兩相之流動形態	                   33
圖3.1平板型沉浸式薄膜過濾系統裝置圖	          38
圖3.2平板型沉浸式薄膜模組示意圖	         39
圖4.1新鮮薄膜(S10-CE)濾速對透膜壓差作圖	53
圖4.2新鮮薄膜(S50-CE)濾速對透膜壓差作圖	53
圖4.3新鮮薄膜(A10-PES)濾速對透膜壓差作圖	54
圖4.4新鮮薄膜(A50-PS)濾速對透膜壓差作圖	54
圖4.5新鮮薄膜(A1-CFP)濾速對透膜壓差作圖	55
圖4.6單一液相溶質大小的影響(A50-PS)	         55
圖4.7單一液相溶質大小的影響(S50-CE)	         56
圖4.8單一液相溶質大小的影響(A10-PES)	         56
圖4.9單一液相溶質大小的影響(S10-CE)	         57
圖4.10 薄膜材質的影響(BSA, A50-PS, S50-CE)	57
圖4.11 薄膜材質的影響(BSA, A10-PES, S10-CE)	58
圖4.12 薄膜材質的影響(T70, A50-PS, S50-CE)	58
圖4.13 薄膜材質的影響(T70, A10-PES, S10-CE)    59
圖4.14 MWCO的影響(BSA, S50-CE, S10-CE)	  59
圖4.15 MWCO的影響(T70, S50-CE, S10-CE)	60
圖4.16濃度的影響(A50-PS)	                  60
圖4.17濃度的影響(S10-CE)	                   61
圖4.18濃度的影響(A10-PES)	                   61
圖4.19曝氣量的影響(A50-PS, 90度)	          62
圖4.20曝氣量的影響(A50-PS, 160度)	          62
圖4.21曝氣量的影響(S10-CE, 160度)	          63
圖4.22曝氣量的影響(A1-CFP, 90度)	          63
圖4.23曝氣量的影響(A1-CFP, 160度)	          64
圖4.24薄膜材質對於Rfp的影響(BSA, A50-PS, S50-CE) 64
圖4.25薄膜材質對於Rfp的影響(BSA, A10-PES,S10-CE) 65
圖4.26薄膜材質對於Rfp的影響(T70, A50-PS, S50-CE) 65
圖4.27薄膜材質對於Rfp的影響(T70, A10-PES, S10-CE) 66
圖4.28曝氣量對 Rfp的影響(A50-PS, 90度)	    66
圖4.29曝氣量對 Rfp的影響(A50-PS, 160度)	 67
圖4.30曝氣量對 Rfp的影響(S10-CE, 160度)	 67
圖4.31曝氣量對 Rfp的影響(A1-CFP, 90度)	 68
圖4.32曝氣量對 Rfp的影響(A1-CFP, 160度)	 68
圖 4.33 BSA在不同薄膜下V與lnt之關係(3000 ppm)  69   
圖 4.34 BSA在不同薄膜下t/V與t之關係(3000 ppm)     69       
圖 4.35 BSA在不同薄膜下t/V與V之關係 (3000 ppm)   70        
圖 4.36 BSA在不同薄膜下V與lnt之關係(1000ppm)     70        
圖 4.37 BSA在不同薄膜下t/V與t之關係(1000 ppm)     71       
圖 4.38 BSA在不同薄膜下t/V與V之關係(1000ppm)      71       圖4.39曝氣量的影響(S10-CE, 中間阻塞模式)	72
圖4.40曝氣量的影響(S10-CE, 標準阻塞模式)	72
圖4.41曝氣量的影響(S10-CE, 濾餅過濾模式)	73
圖4.42曝氣量的影響(A1-CFP, 中間阻塞模式)	73
圖4.43曝氣量的影響(A1-CFP, 濾餅過濾模式)	74

表索引

表3.1 牛血清蛋白特性說明                        40        
表3.2 薄膜性質表                                41

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