本篇論文主要研究長期演進技術(Long Term Evolution, LTE)中的載波聚合技術(Carrier Aggregation, CA)，應用於3D印表機所印出的塑膠模板， 載波聚合技術是將多個載波同時使用，故我們會在載波聚合所使用的頻段選取其中幾個作為我們設計的目標頻段，先將選取頻率經過長度計算放置在平板上做模擬，再將模擬好的天線在放入載波聚合的模具上，會產生頻寬不足以及頻率飄移等問題，藉由我們在平面天線優化上的經驗，分別以加寬導線的寬度及調整導線長度來做修正，調整好的天線在多天線上還存在著隔離度的問題，我們分別以不同角度的隔離度來做模擬，得到90度以上的角度隔離度較佳，再加上考慮到天線個數上的問題，以90度為我們的最佳擺放位置。

Carrier aggregation, one of the novel technologies considered in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, is the technology to aggregate many component carriers together and have the user to transmit the data over the aggregated frequency bands to increase the user’s transmission rate. The frequencies of the frequency bands selected in the carrier aggregation are considered as the target bands. The design and the fabrication of antennas having frequencies associated with the target bands by utilizing 3D printer’s printing technology are considered in this thesis. In the design of carrier frequency aggregated antennas the required lengths of the target bands are first calculated; various shapes of strip lines with the calculated lengths are then fabricated with proper materials and line sizes. The simulated and fabricated antennas are then placed on the carrier frequency aggregated templates to have antenna characteristics such as the antenna bandwidths, target bands center frequencies and transmission characteristics such as s11, s12, s21, s22 are simulated and measured.  Through optimization techniques to achieve best antennas characteristics the best combinations of lengths and widths of the strip lines are obtained through running the derived optimization algorithm after satisfactory number of iterations. Various lines placing angles are also considered and simulated to solve the possible isolation problems among the printed carrier aggregated antennas. From simulations the antennas will have the best isolation if their placing angles are more than 90 degrees. 90 degrees line placing angles are selected in the final antennas fabrication to simplify the process of line placing and its fabrication.

目錄
中文摘要..........I
ABSTRACT........II
致謝.............IV
目錄.............V
圖目錄...........VII
表目錄...........IX
第一章 緒論	1
1.1 研究動機與目的	1
1.2 章節介紹	2
第二章 載波聚合天線系統概述	3
2.1 載波聚合技術	3
2.2 天線參數說明	6
2.2.1 諧振頻率	6
2.2.2 增益	7
2.2.3 頻寬	8
2.2.4 阻抗	9
2.2.5 天線的極化方式	10
2.2.6 電壓駐波比	11
2.2.7 天線電感	11
第三章 天線設計流程	13
3.1 模擬參數設定與材料選取	14
3.2 模擬與調整	18
3.3 模擬結果與分析	23
第四章 天線設計與模擬	30
4.1 單極天線模擬	30
4.1.1 單極天線的結構與原理	30
4.1.2 單極天線的模擬與比較	31
4.1.2.1 2.65GHz天線模擬設計	31
4.1.2.2 1.85GHz天線模擬設計	33
4.1.2.3 0.88天線模擬設計	35
4.1.3 單極天線的隔離度	37
4.2 載波聚合天線模擬	38
4.2.1 內部天線模擬與調整	39
4.2.2 外部天線模擬與調整	44
第五章 結論與未來展望	47
5.1 結論	  47
5.2 未來展望	47
參考文獻	 49
 
圖目錄
圖 2.1  3GPP文件中所定義的三種不同載波使用方法	4
圖 2.2  輻射方向圖	    9
圖 2.3  線材與電感之換算示意圖	12
圖 3.1  天線的優化流程圖	13
圖 3.2  模擬參數設定與材料選取流程	14
圖 3.3  ABS的參數設定	15
圖 3.4  平面模板圖 	15
圖 3.5  導體的參數設定	16
圖 3.6  蛇形天線	18
圖 3.7  模擬與調整流程	19
圖 3.8  地面設置	 20
圖 3.9  饋入面設置	 21
圖 3.10  遠場設置	 21
圖 3.11  目標解設置	22
圖 3.12  頻率範圍設置	22
圖 3.13  模擬結果與分析	23
圖 3.14  天線的反射損失圖	24
圖 3.15  2.58GHz的3D輻射場形圖	25
圖 3.16  史密斯圖	   26
圖 3.17  2.58GHz的史密斯圖 	26
圖 3.18  電場輻射平面圖	27
圖 3.19  XZ平面的電場輻射平面圖	28
圖 3.20  YZ平面的電場輻射平面圖	28
圖 3.21  電流分佈圖	29
圖 4.1  單極天線的示意圖	30
圖 4.2  2.65GHz天線長度的反射損失結果(S11)	32
圖 4.3  2.65GHz天線長度調整後的反射損失結果(S11)	32
圖 4.4  1.85GHz天線長度的反射損失結果(S11)	34
圖 4.5  1.85GHz天線長度調整後的反射損失結果(S11)	34
圖 4.6  0.88GHz天線長度的反射損失結果(S11)	36
圖 4.7  0.88GHz天線長度調整後的反射損失結果(S11)	36
圖 4.8  天線間距離變化示意圖 	37
圖 4.9  載波聚合天線所使用的八面體模具	39
圖 4.10  內部電路初始長度的反射損失(S11)	40
圖 4.11  內部電路長度調整後的反射損失(S11)	40
圖 4.12  天線隔離度擺放角度	  41
圖 4.13  八面體各擺設角度的隔離度	41
圖 4.14  內部2.65GHz天線以ABS八面體環繞的示意圖	42
圖 4.15  內部2.65GHz天線以ABS八面體環繞的反射損失(S11)	43
圖 4.16  內部2.65GHz天線以ABS八面體環繞長度調整後的反射損失	43
圖 4.17  載波聚合雙頻天線擺設示意圖	44
圖 4.18  載波聚合天線的反射損失(S11)	45
圖 4.19  內部天線的隔離度	45
圖 4.20  外部天線的隔離度	46
圖 5.1  天線間加入超材料的示意圖	48
 
表目錄
表 2.1  同頻連續載波聚合運作頻段表	5
表 2.2  跨頻非連續載波聚合運作頻段表	6
表 4.1  2.65GHz天線長度比較	33
表 4.2  1.85GHZ天線長度比較	35
表 4.3  0.88GHz天線長度比較	37
表 4.4  2.65GHz天線間距離與隔離度關係38
表 4.5  1.85GHz天線間距離與隔離度關係38
表 4.6  天線位置擺設角度比較 	42
表 4.7  載波聚合天線的結果	        46

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