美國Advanced Distributed Learning（ADL）提出了Sharable Content Object Reference Model（SCORM）標準，來規範學習元件之結構與執行。透過SCORM標準不但使得學習元件可以輕易的分享、重複利用，達到節省時間與成本的優點。之後更提出了Content Object Repository Discovery and Resolution Architecture（CORDRA），一個具有高度互通性儲存體，達到發現、分享與重複使用學習元件之目的。然而SCORM與CORDRA雖然可以使得學習元件再利用，但是卻無法顯示學習元件再利用之後與本體的關聯性，一旦當使用者面對龐大數量且極度雷同的課程之際，如何比較、選擇合適的學習元件將是一大考驗。本篇論文將介紹一結構化的學習元件關係－Reusability Tree以及遵循CORDRA架構所建置的學習元件儲存體－MINE Registry。透過強化MINE Registry系統以及Reusability Tree的應用將可以提供使用者學習元件之間的關聯性，並提出其相似性與差異性計算公式，使用者進行搜尋之際除了更為便利之外，還可獲得額外的隱含資訊來協助教學設計。除此之外更進一步強化與課程編輯系統、學習管理系統的互動，設計學習元件參照次數計畫方式以及排名方法，使系統間之互動與整合更為緊密，達到儲存體的每一筆資料均能進行全面性之比較，加強儲存體提供之服務與效用。

The SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) standard defines metadata of learning objects, which are used as the elementary reusable components in distance learning. The CORDRA (Content Object Repository Discovery and Registration/Resolution Architecture) standard provides a common architecture for the resolution, discovery, and sharing of these learning objects. They define standardized ways in which learning objects can be discovered and reused by content designers. However, the current CORDRA and the definition of objects in SCORM only allow an object to be copied, updated, and re-organized in a new content aggregation, which is used as a delivery package to end users. This paper proposes a revised CORDRA architecture and a reusability mechanism to make instruction design easier.  We propose a structure called a Reusability Tree for tracking the history of reuse of learning objects in CORDRA. This thesis also defines the notions of similarity and diversity of learning objects to make easier for users to precisely search for reusable learning objects, with additional meaningful information to support instruction designs.

目錄
第一章	緒論	1
1.1.	研究背景與動機	1
1.2.	研究目的與重要性	4
1.3.	論文架構	6
第二章	相關研究工作	8
2.1.	數位學習課程標準說明與探討	8
2.1.1.	IEEE LOM	8
2.1.2.	SCORM	11
2.1.3.	Reusability Tree	12
2.2.	課程元件儲存體現況說明與探討	14
2.2.1.	DOD學習元件儲存體	16
2.2.2.	CORDRA與Federated CORDRA	17
2.2.3.	MINE Registry	21
2.3.	資料採掘時間模式說明與探討	23
2.3.1.	Landmark Model	24
2.3.2.	Sliding Window Model	25
2.3.3.	Time-Fading Model	25
2.3.4.	Tilted-Time Window Model	26
2.4.	推薦與排名系統相關研究與探討	27
2.4.1.	Google Page Rank	27
2.4.2.	運用元資料進行上下文關聯之排名	28
第三章	研究方法與系統架構分析	32
3.1	開發概念	33
3.2	研究方法	35
3.2.1.	IEEE LOM分析	35
3.2.2.	比對方程式	37
3.2.3.	學習元件之相似性計算	40
3.2.4.	學習元件之差異性計算	43
3.2.5.	學習元件參照次數之計算	45
3.2.6.	學習元件排名方法	52
3.3.	系統架構及分析	54
3.3.1.	學習元件註冊系統	54
3.3.2.	學習元件搜尋系統	56
第四章	系統實作	58
4.1.	開發工具與環境	58
4.1.1.	硬體規格	58
4.1.2.	.NET Framework	58
4.1.3.	Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003	59
4.1.4.	Microsoft SQL Server	60
4.1.5.	Local Handle Service	60
4.2.	系統介面與操作說明	61
4.2.1.	註冊、上傳介面	61
4.2.2.	搜尋介面	63
4.2.3.	相似性、差異性方程式計算與系統排名介面	66
第五章	結論與未來展望	68
5.1	結論	68
5.2.	未來展望	69
參考文獻	71
附錄 英文論文	75
圖目錄
圖 1、Reusability Tree建構流程圖	13
圖 2、DOD儲存體系統架構	17
圖 3、CORDRA模型與環境圖[12]	19
圖 4、Federated CORDRA系統架構圖	21
圖 5、MINE Registry系統架構圖	22
圖 6、Landmark Model示意圖	24
圖 7、Sliding Window Model示意圖	25
圖 8、Time-Fading Model示意圖	26
圖 9、Tilted-Time Window Model示意圖	27
圖 10、學習元件關聯圖	28
圖 11、Reusability Tree示意圖	33
圖 12、加入相似性比較之搜尋結果	35
圖 13、學習元件與子學習元件示意圖	41
圖 14、Tilted-Time Window Model時間單位圖	49
圖 15、ObjectA參照次數及生命週期圖	51
圖 16、YouTube評分系統	52
圖 17、學習元件排名方程式概念圖	53
圖 18、MINE Registry註冊程序圖	56
圖 19、MINE Registry搜尋程序圖	57
圖 20、MINE Registry註冊介面圖	62
圖 21、MINE Registry註冊介面(使用URL)	62
圖 22、MINE Registry註冊結果	63
圖 23、MINE Registry搜尋介面	63
圖 24、Reusability Tree顯示畫面	64
圖 25、學習元件元資料顯示畫面	65
圖 27、MINE Registry學習元件參照次數排名	67
表目錄
表 1、存放在Master Catalog繼承關係資料表	14
表 2、學習元件LOq之元資料	39
表 3、學習元件LOt之元資料	40
表 4、元資料比對結果	41
表 5、學習元件相似性計算結果	42
表 6、學習元件相異性計算結果	44
表 7、(對稱式)學習元件相異性計算結果	45
表 8、硬體環境規格表	58

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