系統識別號 | U0002-1007201213461900 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2012.00375 |
論文名稱(中文) | 雷根政府瓦解蘇聯之戰略 |
論文名稱(英文) | The strategies of Reagan Administration on the Fall of the Soviet Union |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 美洲研究所碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Master's Program, Graduate Institute of the Americas |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 100 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 101 |
研究生(中文) | 張惟涵 |
研究生(英文) | Wei-Han Chang |
學號 | 699250071 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2012-06-14 |
論文頁數 | 82頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
黃介正
委員 - 李本京 委員 - 李明 |
關鍵字(中) |
美國外交政策 雷根 蘇聯瓦解 |
關鍵字(英) |
The Reagan Administration Strategies toward the Soviet Union the fall of the Soviet Union |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
蘇聯瓦解瓦解後的二十年來,學術界對於蘇聯瓦解的研究從未停止,其中說法紛紜,而美國究竟在多大程度上促使蘇聯的瓦解,各界雷根政府瓦解蘇聯的貢獻還存有爭議,本文著重在分析雷根總統兩任任期之間,對蘇聯之外交政策以及美蘇關係的轉折。 雷根政府在1983年提出「戰略防禦計畫」,由於當時美蘇聯兩國在核戰的共識為「相互保證毀滅」,而雷根總統提出「戰略防禦計畫」目的為飛彈防禦政策,並投入龐大經費於此,然而蘇聯軍事技術尚未達到「戰略防禦計畫」之水準,因此,在經濟壓力之下,蘇聯決定與美國政府在軍備裁減方面談判,目的在於以雷根政府取消「戰略防禦計畫」,不過雷根堅持「戰略防禦計畫」非談判籌碼,然而,蘇聯首先讓步,決定與美國簽署《中程核武條約》。 本文以雷根政府簽署的國家安全指令(NSDD)以及其他戰略對抗蘇聯,包括雷根主義、軍備競賽、政治圍堵、經濟制裁以及對蘇聯人民思想的同化,使原本已疲弱不堪的蘇聯經濟,又受到嚴重打擊,因此,戈巴契夫提出「新思維」改革,不過已積重難返。本論文主旨在於雷根政府如何加速蘇聯的解體,雷根政府在以非武力的「整體戰略」對抗蘇聯,也由此可知,戰爭不一定發生在戰場,美國對蘇聯的和平演變也是蘇聯加速瓦解的原因之一。 |
英文摘要 |
The question addressed by this paper is how Reagan’s policy significantly led the fall of the Soviet Union. Some believe that little connection between the fall of the Soviet Union and the role of Reagan’s foreign policy. This thesis applies the historical approach to analyze the Reagan’s strategies through the documents, relevant personal biography and the government publications. The strategies of the Reagan Administration included containment, economic pressure and the “Strategic Defense Initiative.” By the long terms arm races, Reagan Administration has expedited the Soviet Union’s fall. This thesis concludes the strategies of Reagan Administration contributed to the fall the Soviet Union. The strategies didn’t initiate the Soviet crisis but successfully worsen and exacerbate it. By targeting the Soviet weakness into its strategic advantage also damaged the Communist, which ends the Cold War and credit to the Reagan Administration. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
第一章 緒論 第一節 研究背景……………….…………………..………….………1 第二節 研究動機與目的………....………………..…….….………2 第三節 文獻回顧…………………………………………...….………5 第三節 研究途徑、方法與限制………………………....………13 第二章 雷根的政治信仰主張 第一節 新保守主義與雷根………………………...………………17 第二節 雷根主義-主張擴充軍備………….……………...……21 第三節 蘇聯的態度………………………………..…………………33 第四節 小結…………………………………………...………..………34 第三章 雷根政府對蘇聯之戰略 第一節 軍事戰略決策…………………….………………………..35 第二節 外交圍堵………………………….……..……...…..…..…..42 第三節 經濟制裁…..….………..…..……...…..……………………45 第四節 小結……………………..……….………..….……...……….50 第四章 雷根政府戰略對蘇聯之影響 第一節 雷根政府對蘇聯之戰略效果…………..………………53 第二節 雷根與戈巴契夫談判過程………………...……………56 第三節 蘇聯解體………………………………..…..……....….……62 第四節 小結…………………………………..…..…………………...67 第五章 研究發現與結論 第一節 研究發現……………………….…………………………….71 第二節 結論………………..…………………………..….…………..73 表次 表2-1 蘇聯共產在全球的勢力範圍…………………...……….……..……..….26 表2-2 雷根任內蘇聯增加平反國際叛亂之開銷…………...….…...…………..27 表2-3 雷根政府提供尼加拉瓜反抗軍援助款項一覽表…………..……….….29 表2-4 1980 年美蘇兩國武力比較…………………………..………….……….31 表2-5 雷根任內蘇聯每年增加的國防預算………….………………..…….….32 表3-1 波蘭1980-1989 年GDP 成長率…….…………..….....…………….…….45 表3-2 1986 年國際原油價格……..…..…...….….…..…….…..…….…..………..50 表4-1 蘇聯預算以外的增加成本與赤字..…….….…....….….……..…….……..55 表4-2 雷根任內與戈巴契夫召開四次高峰會情況…………..………………....56 表4-3 國際廣播電台1974-1989 年度報告表…….….…....…………….….……67 |
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