泰國首都曼谷及其周邊的數個府(Changwat)在過去三十年歷經快速發展，形成一個總人口達1,600多萬的曼谷擴張型都會區(Extended Bangkok Metropolitan Region, EBMR)，不僅在泰國的都市體系中具有顯著的首要性，也是整個國家進步的動力來源，其發展特徵與背景因素甚具學術研究與實務應用價值。本研究分別從(1) 人口變遷觀察都會區之形成；(2) 政府的投資政策及基礎設施提供；以及(3) 產業發展等三個面向，探討對曼谷擴張型都會區的發展及其首要性所造成的影響。
自1970年以來，曼谷擴張型都會區的人口成長速度都高於全國及各個區域(分別為中部、北部、東北部和南部)，而人口過度集中加快了該都會區的發展。就曼谷擴張型都會區所包含的核心區曼谷市、內環區(包括Samut Sakhon、Nakhon Pathom、Nonthaburi、Pathum Thani和Samut Prakan等五個府)和外環區(包括Ratchaburi、Ayutthaya、Saraburi、Chachoengsao、Chon Buri和Rayong等六個府)等三環地帶的人口成長而言，內、外環區的人口成長相對快速，符合過去對都會區發展經驗的研究結果，即人口的成長隨著核心區的發展飽和而趨緩，並有人口外移的現象。此外，核心區的機能和產業等也外移至內、外環區，在挾著腹地廣大、基礎建設及交通運輸完善等優勢之下，吸引許多企業在此地區投資，而所創造的就業機會成為人口聚集的主因。
自1980年代加速工業化以來，泰國的總體經濟表現優異，然而內部的區域發展差異仍然存在，儘管政府致力於均衡區域發展，但整體都會區的經濟產值在2008年仍占泰國GDP近七成，顯然資源的分配呈現過度集中的現象。在曼谷擴張型都會區中，曼谷轉型成以服務業為主要的產業型態，內環區則是著重勞力密集型的製造業，且多屬輕工業，至於外環區則是以附加價值較高且高度汙染的重工業為主，尤其是Chon Buri和Rayong兩個府是泰國相當重要的重工業發展區位。曼谷擴張型都會區的發展猶如一個小型的經濟體，其在泰國經濟中的角色是很顯著的，然而此情形所隱含的卻是國內的區域發展更形失衡。

Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, and its surrounding provinces have experienced rapid development in the past three decades, and have shaped an Extended Bangkok Metropolitan Region (EBMR) which includes total population of 16 million. It means EBMR is not only dominates the urban system in Thailand, but also the driving force of the country's progress. Its developmental characteristics and background factors are provided with academic research and practical application. This thesis was written from the three perspectives, which of (1) governmental policies, (2) population growth, and (3) industrial development, on the development of EBMR and its changing primacy.
Since 1970, the population growth rate in EBMR has become higher than four parts of the nation (they are central, north, northeast and south regions ), the excessive concentration of population in EBMR has accelerated its development. The EBMR is composed of three zones as follows: Bangkok as the core, the inner ring includes Samut Sakhon, Nakhon Pathom, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani and Samut Prakan, and the outer ring includes Ratchaburi, Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Chachoengsao, Chon Buri and Rayong. The population growth rate of the inner ring and outer ring are relatively rapid, as experienced in other metropolitan regions. While the population grew up and then decreased in the core, the phenomenon of emigration emerged. In addition, the functions and industries of the core may also move outside the inner ring and outer ring. Under such advantages of extend rural hinterland, and the improvement of infrastructure and transportation, many companies would invest in inner ring and outer ring, and create many employment opportunities that becomes the main cause of population concentration.
Since the acceleration of industrialization in the 1980s, the overall economic performance of Thailand has been remarkable. However, differences in development among regions still exist. Despite the government's commitment to balance regional development, the economic output of EBMR still accounted for nearly 70% of Thailand in 2008, apparently showing the phenomenon of resources over-concentration. Inside EBMR, Bangkok’s type of industry has transformed to service industry, the inner ring has transformed to labor-intensive manufacturing, mostly are light industries, and the outer ring is based on higher value-added and highly polluting heavy industries, especially Chon Buri and Rayong are the two important locations for heavy industries in Thailand. Actually, EBMR may be regarded as a small-scale economy, its role in the Thai economy is very significant, but this case implies that the domestic regional development would be more imbalanced.

第一章 緒論---1
-第一節 問題陳述---1
-第二節 研究動機---4
-第三節 研究目的---7
-第四節 研究範圍及名詞界定---7
-第五節 理論及架構---11
第二章 泰國的政經發展背景---16
-第一節 中央集權統治與泰國首都發展的關係---16
-第二節 泰國的經濟發展背景---20
第三章 EBMR的人口成長及都市化---28
-第一節 泰國的人口成長28
-第二節 EBMR的人口成長與首要性---30
-第三節 EBMR的都市化---33
第四章 政府角色及EBMR的產業發展---41
-第一節 泰國的投資政策和基礎設施發展---41
-第二節 FDI與泰國的經濟發展---52
-第三節 EBMR的產業轉型及產出貢獻---60
第五章 結論---72
-第一節 研究成果---72
-第二節 後續研究之可行性---75
參考文獻---79
附錄---85

表目錄
表1-1 曼谷的首要指數變化，1960-2008 ........................................... 5
表2-1 泰國主要產業之GDP比率，1971-1993 ................................ 23
表2-2 泰國製造業之出口表現，1970-1994 ...................................... 24
表2-3 泰國及EBMR各分區之GDP成長率及比率，1981-2008 ......... 25
表3-1 泰國及EBMR各分區之人口及成長率，1970-2008 ................. 29
表3-2 EBMR各分區的人口占泰國總人口之比率，1970-2008 ............ 32
表3-3 泰國各地區之都市人口及都市數量，1975-1988 ...................... 34
表3-4 泰國之地方行政體系 ............................................................. 36
表3-5 泰國及EBMR各分區的都市化程度，1990-2000 .................... 37
表3-6 EBMR各分區都市人口占泰國都市人口之比率，1990-2000 ..... 38
表3-7 EBMR各府之工廠數變化，1994-1999 .................................. 39
表3-8 EBMR各府之各類新建物，1995-2000 .................................. 40
表4-1 泰國已核准FDI之流、存量，1970-2009 ............................... 55
表4-2 泰國BOI已核准之投資分佈，1979-2010 .............................. 58
表4-3 曼谷之各產業GDP，1981-2008 ........................................... 61
表4-4 EBMR各分區的產業GDP占泰國GDP之比率，1981-2008 .... 64
表4-5 EBMR內環區之各產業GDP，1981-2008 ............................. 66
表4-6 EBMR外環區之各產業GDP，1981-2008 ............................. 69

圖目錄
圖1.1 擴張型都會區示意圖 ............................................................... 3
圖1.2 EBMR之人口變化曲線圖，1970-2008 .................................... 6
圖1.3 EBMR各分區之範圍界定圖 ..................................................... 8
圖1.4 產業連結關係示意圖 ............................................................. 12
圖1.5 研究架構圖 .......................................................................... 13
圖2.1 Bangkok與Thonburi之相對位置圖 ..................................... 18
圖4.1 泰國BOI劃分之投資促進區 .................................................. 45
圖4.2 EBMR之「點與線」的區域發展概念圖 ................................... 52

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