在本論文中，對超過濾和內回流操作在順流型薄膜膜組中進行了研究。對於應用超過濾操作在順流型平板薄膜透析器中，研究中為了數學演算的方便，假設了均一的超過濾通量，所得的結果可能僅能適用於輕微的濃度極化和透膜壓差的現象。應用超過濾操作在質量傳送之中，可以達到相當大的改善效果，特別是那些有較低質傳係數的系統中。當增加超過濾通量或增加體積流率，分離效率也會明顯的增加。此外，對質量傳送而言，增加透餘相中的體積流率比增加透析相的體積流率更有效益。
而順並流型裝置伴有內回流操作系統中，假設流體渠道截面中的速度和濃度皆均一。和無回流的裝置相比，有內回流操作的透析器有較好的質傳效果，蓋因其增加了流體速度，導致質傳阻力減少。提高效率伴隨著回流比增加，特別是較大體積流率和入口濃度的操作系統。

The applications of either ultrafiltration or recycle operation to dialysis in cocurrently rectangular membrane modules was investigated. For the dialysis with the application of ultrafiltration operation in a cocurrrently parallel-flow device, uniform ultrafiltration flux was assumed for operation with slight concentration polarization and declination of transmembrane pressure. Considerable improvement in mass transfer is achievable if the operation of ultrafiltration is applied, especially for the system with low mass transfer coefficient.The enhancement in separation efficiency is significantly in increased with increasing ultrafiltration flux, as well as with increasing the volumetric flow rates. Moreover, increasing the volumetric flow rate in retentate phases is more beneficial to mass transfer than increasing in dialysate phase. 
For dialysis with the application of internal recycling operation in cocurrently parallel flow device, the assumptions made that both uniform velocities and concentrations in the cross sections of flow channels were uniform. In contrast to a device without reflux, considerable mass transfer is achievable if the dialyzers are operated with internal recycling, which provides an increase in fluid velocity, resulting in a reduction of mass-transfer resistance. The improvement increases with reflux ratio, especially for large flow rate and feed concentration.

目錄
誌謝	I
中文摘要  II
英文摘要	III
目錄	V
圖目錄	VIII
表目錄	XII
第一章 緒論	1
1-1 前言	          1
1-2 分離程序	2
1-3 薄膜透析	4
1-4研究目的	6
第二章 文獻回顧	7
第三章 理論分析	12
3-1質量傳送係數	14
3-2平板薄膜透析系統	16
3-2.1順流式平板薄膜透析系統	17
3-2.2逆流式平板薄膜透析系統	20
3-3順流型平板薄膜透析器伴超過濾系統	22
3-3.1濃度分佈	23
3-3.2總質傳量	28
3-3.3 改善率	29
3-4.順流型平板薄膜透析器伴內回流系統	29
3-4.1出口濃度	31
3-4.2質傳係數	37
3-4.3總質傳量	38
3-4.4無內回流模組	39
3-4.5改善率	40
第四章 範例計算	41
4-1順流型平板薄膜透析器中伴有超過濾的範例計算	41
4-2順流型平板薄膜透析器中伴有內回流的範例計算	42
第五章 結果與討論	44
5-1順流型平板薄膜透析器伴超過濾效應之影響	44
5-1.1透餘相出口濃度	44
5-1.2質量傳送速率	45
5-1.3超過濾的改善效率	45
5-1.4計算結果	47
5-2順流型平板薄膜透析器伴內回流效應之影響	61
5-2.1計算結果	62
第六章 結論	71
6-1順流型平板薄膜透析器伴超過濾	71
6-2順流型平板薄膜透析器伴內回流	71
符號說明	73
希臘字母	75
參考文獻	76

圖目錄
圖3-1. 薄膜透析示意圖	13
圖3-2. 順流流動下之平板質量交換器的薄膜透析示意圖	17
圖3-3. 逆流流動下之平板質量交換器的薄膜透析示意圖	17
圖3-4. 順流流動下之平板質量交換器的薄膜透析伴超過濾示意圖	22
圖3-5. 內回流操作下之順流型平板質量交換器的薄膜透析示意圖	30
圖3-6. 回流式平板薄膜透析器系統示意圖	30
圖3-7. 無內回流操作下之順流型平板質量交換器的薄膜透析示意圖
	39
圖4-1. 固定透析相體積流率改變透餘相體積流率的質量傳送速率	
(Ca,i=0.5kg/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb,i=2×10-6m3/s;VmLW=0、0.05×10-6m3/s、0.1×10-6m3/s )		47
圖4-2. 固定透析相體積流率改變透餘相體積流率的質量傳送速率	
(Ca,i=0.5kg/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb,i=4×10-6m3/s;VmLW=0、0.05×10-6m3/s、0.1×10-6m3/s )		48
圖4-3. 固定透析相體積流率改變透餘相體積流率的質量傳送速率	
(Ca,i=0.5kg/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb,i=6×10-6m3/s;VmLW=0、0.05×10-6m3/s、0.1×10-6m3/s)		49
圖4-4. 固定透析相體積流率改變透餘相體積流率的質量傳送速率	
(Ca,i=0.5kg/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb,i=8×10-6m3/s;VmLW=0、0.05×10-6m3/s、0.1×10-6m3/s)		50
圖4-5. 固定透析相體積流率與不同透餘相體積流率下對質傳速率之改善率(Ca,i=0.5kg/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb,i=2×10-6m3/s;VmLW=0.05×10-6m3/s、0.1×10-6m3/s)	51
圖4-6. 固定透析相體積流率與不同透餘相體積流率下對質傳速率之改善率(Ca,i=0.5kg/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb,i=4×10-6m3/s;VmLW=0.05×10-6m3/s、0.1×10-6m3/s)	52
圖4-7. 固定透析相體積流率與不同透餘相體積流率下對質傳速率之改善率(Ca,i=0.5kg/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb,i=6×10-6m3/s;VmLW=0.05×10-6m3/s、0.1×10-6m3/s)	53
圖4-8. 固定透析相體積流率與不同透餘相體積流率下對質傳速率之改善率(Ca,i=0.5kg/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb,i=8×10-6m3/s;VmLW=0.05×10-6m3/s、0.1×10-6m3/s)	54
圖4-9. 固定透餘相入口濃度和透析相體積流率、改變透餘相體積流率隨著回流比變化的質量傳送速率(Ca,i=1kgmol/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb=1×10-7m3/s;Qa=1×10-7m3/s、Qa=5×10-7m3/s、Qa=10×10-7m3/s)		62
圖4-10. 固定透餘相入口濃度和透析相體積流率、改變透餘相體積流率隨著回流比變化的質量傳送速率(Ca,i=1kgmol/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb=5×10-7m3/s;Qa=1×10-7m3/s、Qa=5×10-7m3/s、Qa=10×10-7m3/s)		63
圖4-11. 固定透餘相入口濃度和透析相體積流率、改變透餘相體積流率隨著回流比變化的質量傳送速率(Ca,i=1kgmol/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb=1×10-6m3/s;Qa=1×10-7m3/s、Qa=5×10-7m3/s、Qa=10×10-7m3/s)		64
圖4-12. 固定透餘相入口濃度和透析相體積流率、改變透餘相體積流率隨著回流比變化的質量傳送速率(Ca,i=5kgmol/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb=1×10-7m3/s;Qa=1×10-7m3/s、Qa=5×10-7m3/s、Qa=10×10-7m3/s)		65
圖4-13. 固定透餘相入口濃度和透析相體積流率、改變透餘相體積流率隨著回流比變化的質量傳送速率(Ca,i=5kgmol/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb=5×10-7m3/s;Qa=1×10-7m3/s、Qa=5×10-7m3/s、Qa=10×10-7m3/s)		66
圖4-14. 固定透餘相入口濃度和透析相體積流率、改變透餘相體積流率隨著回流比變化的質量傳送速率(Ca,i=5kgmol/m3;Cb,i=0;Qb=1×10-6m3/s;Qa=1×10-7m3/s、Qa=5×10-7m3/s、Qa=10×10-7m3/s)		67
圖4-15. 固定透餘相入口濃度、兩種不同透餘相體積流率隨著回流比變化的改善率(Ca,i=1kgmol/m3;Cb,i=0;Qa=1×10-7m3/s、Qa=10×10-7m3/s )	68

表目錄
表1 Ca,i = 0.5 (kg/m3), Cb,i = 0 (kg/m3), Qb,i = 2×10-6 (m3/s) 的計算結果		55
表2 Ca,i = 0.5 (kg/m3), Cb,i = 0 (kg/m3), Qb,i = 4×10-6 (m3/s) 的計算結果		56
表3 Ca,i = 0.5 (kg/m3), Cb,i = 0 (kg/m3), Qb,i = 8×10-6 (m3/s) 的計算結果		57
表4 Ca,i = 1 (kg/m3), Cb,i = 0 (kg/m3), Qb,i = 2×10-6 (m3/s) 的計算結果		58
表5 Ca,i = 1 (kg/m3), Cb,i = 0 (kg/m3), Qb,i = 4×10-6 (m3/s) 的計算結果		59
表6 Ca,i = 1 (kg/m3), Cb,i = 0 (kg/m3), Qb,i = 8×10-6 (m3/s) 的計算結果		60
表7. 順流型平板透析器中伴有內回流的計算結果 Ca,i=1kgmol/m3 and Cb,i=0		69
表8. 順流型平板透析器中伴有內回流的計算結果 Ca,i=5kgmol/m3 and Cb,i=0		70

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