隨著OA期刊數量逐漸增加，其複雜的運作方式與收取高額出版費的做法，逐漸受到學術社群的關注與質疑。本研究主要目的為探討影響醫學領域OA期刊，APC機制差異之相關因素，從期刊出版與影響力視角，依序分析期刊出版機構、刊物特徵，以及影響係數、學科排名和立即指數等影響力指標與APC定價高低之關聯性。本研究對象為2017年版JCR-SCIE所收錄之醫學領域完全OA期刊，並透過WoS資料庫的SCI-EXPANDED篩選出在JCR標示為非OA但有出版OA文章的複合式期刊，總計分析47個醫學相關學科，各學科共計收錄3,420種OA期刊，扣除重複則共有2,665種。
研究結果顯示：醫學領域OA期刊出版數方面，各學科的比率皆超過七成，在MEDICINE, LEGAL學科中，期刊皆採複合式OA模式出版，故所佔比率達100%為整體領域最高。刊物特徵表現方面，MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL創刊數量集中在1930年代以前，而期刊出版週期中位數達每年12次，故為整體醫學領域中發展最早且出版頻率最高之學科；OA出版文章數則以TROPICAL MEDICINE中位數達96篇為全體最高。APC計價方式與金額分布方面，醫學領域APC計價可分為六大面向，以收取固定APC金額期刊最多（79.95%）；各期刊APC收取費用差異極大，金額介於113至6,000美元，其中以收取3,000美元期刊為最多（32.25%），且由Springer Nature所出版的 Diabetes Therapy（6,000美元）收取費用最高；以學科角度而言，APC金額以ALLERGY中位數3,295美元為全體最高，而出版機構則以商業型出版社收取中位數2,949美元為最高。在刊物特徵關聯性方面，APC金額與創刊年於統計學上並無呈現顯著的相關性，與出版頻率及OA文章數則分別呈現低度正相關與低度負相關，表示APC金額可能會受其表現差異而所影響。在期刊指標關聯性方面，APC金額與期刊IF和II值皆具有相關性，學科排名僅在Q1和Q4兩區間內具有顯著性，表示排名越高的期刊APC收取金額可能越高，而排名較低的期刊APC金額可能相對較低。
根據研究結果提出以下建議：期刊出版機構提供訂定APC金額的參考依據，且應將APC資訊置於投稿者易注意的「投稿須知」頁面說明、作者於投稿前應瞭解期刊APC機制的相關內容，並評估其費用的合理性、國家科技政策制定者應關注OA期刊的發展且提出因應政策、研究資助機構應擬定相關資助辦法與經費審核規範。

As the number of open access (OA) journals gradually increases, their complex operation and high publication fees have attracted the attention of the academic community. This study mainly explored the relevant factors affecting the differences in OA journals and article processing charge (APC) mechanisms in the medical field. The characteristics of journal publishing institutions and publications as well as influence factors such as impact factor (IF), ranking, and immediate index (II) and their correlation with APC price were systematically analyzed. The research objects were full OA journals in the medical field of the 2017 Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Science Citation Index Expanded. In the Web of Science (WoS) Science Citation Index Expanded database, hybrid journals marked as non-OA in the JCR but published OA articles were selected. In total, 47 medical disciplines were analyzed. 3,420 OA journals were included in related disciplines, and 2,665 journals were included after excluding duplicates.
The following results were obtained:
(1)	The proportion of journals with OA publishing for various medical disciplines was more than 70%. Because all journals in the MEDICINE, LEGAL category had hybrid OA publishing models, the percentage of OA journals this category was 100%, which was the highest among all disciplines.
(2)	In terms of publication characteristics, the first issues of publications in the MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL category were concentrated at before the 1930s, with a median publication period of 12 times per year. Therefore, it was the oldest and most frequently published discipline in the medical field. The number of OA articles was highest in the TROPICAL MEDICINE category with a median of 96.
(3)	APC pricing in the medical field could be divided into six major methods, with most journals (79.95%) charging a fixed price. APCs varied greatly between journals, ranging from US$113 to US$6,000, journals charging US$3,000 were most (32.25%). The highest fees (US$6,000) were charged by Diabetes Therapy, published by Springer Nature. Median APCs were highest (US$3,295) in the ALLERGY category, and publishing agencies charged the most (median, US$2,949) for commercial publishers.
(4)	APC amount were not significantly correlated with year of publication and had weakly positive and weakly negative correlations with publication frequency and number of OA articles, respectively, suggesting that APC amount is affected by journal  performance. In terms of journal indicator relevance, APC amount was related to journal IF and II values, and ranking was significant only in the two intervals of Q1 and Q4, indicating that high-ranking journals charged more, whereas low-ranking journals charged less.

Suggestions based on the findings of this study are as follows:
(1)	Journal publishing agencies should provide references for establishing APCs, and this information should be placed on the “Instructions to Authors” page for contributors to easily access.
(2)	Authors should understand a journal’s APC mechanism before submitting a manuscript and evaluate the rationale of its fees.
(3)	National science and technology policy makers should observe OA journal development and propose corresponding policies.
(4)	Research funding agencies should formulate relevant funding methods and review their specifications.

目次
第一章	緒論	1
第一節	研究背景與動機	1
第二節	研究目的與問題	7
第三節	研究範圍與限制	8
第四節	名詞解釋	10
第二章	文獻探討	13
第一節	OA期刊的興起與發展	13
第二節	OA期刊的重要性與影響力	18
第三節	APC的運作與相關研究	24
第四節	各國出版經費來源與OA發展概況的探討	30
第三章	研究設計與實施	35
第一節	研究設計	35
第二節	研究對象	40
第三節	資料處理	43
第四節	研究步驟與實施程序	46
第四章	研究結果與分析	49
第一節	醫學領域OA模式出版之期刊量與刊物特徵	49
第二節	APC計價方式與金額分布	75
第三節	APC與刊物特徵的關聯性	92
第四節	APC與期刊指標的關聯性	111
第五節	綜合討論	130
第五章	結論與建議	137
第一節	結論	137
第二節	建議	142
第三節	未來研究之建議	144
參考文獻		147
附錄一 GIPP學科領域對照表	157

表次
表1 我國大專校院圖書館101至105學年度總經費概況	15
表2 大專校院圖書館101至105學年度各項館藏資源數量	16
表3 醫學領域各學科期刊數量	42
表 4 醫學領域各學科OA期刊類型之數量與佔比	51
表 5 醫學領域各學科OA期刊創刊年代與數量之分布	55
表 6 醫學領域各學科期刊採用完全OA出版模式之年代與數量分布	62
表 7 醫學領域各學科OA期刊出版頻率分布	68
表 8 醫學領域各學科OA期刊出版文章數分布	74
表 9 醫學領域OA期刊APC之計價方式	79
表 10 醫學領域各學科OA期刊APC金額之分布	85
表 11 各出版機構APC金額與OA期刊數量之分布	89
表 12 各商業出版機構之期刊數量與佔比	91
表 13 醫學領域各學科OA期刊創刊年與APC金額四區塊之分布	95
表 14 醫學領域各學科完全OA期刊創立年代與APC金額四區塊之分布	99
表 15 醫學領域各學科OA期刊出版頻率與APC金額四區塊之分布	104
表 16 醫學領域各學科期刊OA文章與APC金額四區塊之分布	109
表 17 不同出版機構類型OA期刊IF與APC金額之相關性	113
表 18 醫學領域各學科OA期刊IF數值與APC金額之相關性	116
表 19 學科期刊IF排名分布與APC金額之相關性	117
表 20 醫學領域各學科OA期刊IF數值與APC金額四區塊之分布	119
表 21 不同出版機構類型OA期刊II與APC金額之相關性	123
表 22 醫學領域各學科OA期刊II值與APC金額之相關性	126
表 23 醫學領域各學科OA期刊II值與APC金額四區塊之分布	128
表 24 採用OA出版年標註時間具爭議之期刊	132


圖次
圖1 2006年至2015年OA出版的比率	4
圖2 2006年至2015年各領域OA出版文章的比率	5
圖3 ARL 1986年至2015年圖書館經費支出趨勢	14
圖4 作者投稿OA期刊APC金額與影響力關係	28
圖5 研究架構	36
圖6 資料處理步驟	45
圖7 研究步驟	48
圖 8 各年代區間OA期刊創刊數之分布	53
圖 9 各年代區間完全OA期刊數量之分布	58
圖 10 創刊年與OA出版年時間差距之分布	59
圖 11 創刊年與OA出版年時間差距與期刊數之分布	60
圖 12 整體OA期刊出版頻率之數量分布	64
圖 13 不同OA類型期刊出版頻率之數量分布	65
圖 14 各學科OA期刊出版頻率中位數之分布	66
圖 15 整體OA期刊出版文章數之分布	69
圖 16 整體期刊出版OA文章數之分布	70
圖 17 不同OA類型期刊出版文章數之分布	71
圖 18 不同OA類型期刊出版OA文章數之分布	72
圖 19 各學科OA期刊出版文章中位數之分布	73
圖 20 整體OA期刊APC收費金額之分布	81
圖 21 不同OA類型期刊APC金額分布之數量	82
圖 22 各學科OA期刊APC金額中位數之分布	83
圖 23 醫學領域OA期刊出版機構類型之分布	88
圖 24 各類型出版機構APC金額之分布	90
圖 25 醫學領域OA期刊創刊年與APC金額之分布	93
圖 26 四象限分布之區塊定義圖	94
圖 27 各學科OA期刊創刊年與APC金額中位數之分布	97
圖 28 醫學領域OA運動後創立之完全OA期刊與APC金額分布	98
圖 29 各學科完全OA期刊創立年代與APC金額中位數之分布	100
圖 30 醫學領域OA期刊出版頻率與APC金額之分布	102
圖 31 各學科OA期刊出版頻率與APC金額中位數之分布	105
圖 32 醫學領域期刊出版OA文章數與APC金額之分布	106
圖 33 不同OA期刊類型出版之OA文章佔比與APC金額分布	107
圖 34 各學科出版OA文章數與APC金額中位數之分布	110
圖 35 醫學領域OA期刊IF數值與APC金額之分布	112
圖 36 不同出版機構類型OA期刊IF與APC金額之分布	114
圖 37 各學科OA期刊IF數值與APC金額中位數之分布	120
圖 38 醫學領域OA期刊II值與APC金額之分布	122
圖 39 不同出版機構類型OA期刊II與APC金額之分布	124
圖 40 各學科OA期刊II值與APC金額中位數之分布	130
圖 41 期刊OA文章數、IF值與APC金額之分布	135

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