系統識別號 | U0002-1002202003390800 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2020.00227 |
論文名稱(中文) | 檢測水中甲醛之液晶感測器 |
論文名稱(英文) | Liquid Crystal Sensor System for Detecting Formaldehyde in Aqueous Solutions |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 化學學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Chemistry |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 108 |
學期 | 1 |
出版年 | 109 |
研究生(中文) | 何宗洋 |
研究生(英文) | Tsung-Yang Ho |
學號 | 607160149 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | 英文 |
口試日期 | 2020-01-09 |
論文頁數 | 55頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
陳志欣
委員 - 廖尉斯 委員 - 徐秀福 |
關鍵字(中) |
液晶 甲醛 感測器 |
關鍵字(英) |
Liquid crystal Formaldehyde Sensor |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
此研究以向列型液晶–5CB為基礎,參雜了含有胺基的兩親性分子–PBA,開發了檢測水中甲醛的液晶感測器。由於PBA具有兩親性,可以在液晶/水溶液界面誘導液晶的排列形成垂直配向,在此狀態下以偏光顯微鏡可觀察到暗的光學訊號,當甲醛存在於系統時會與PBA發生反應,導致其結構由胺基變為亞胺基,失去誘導液晶排列的能力,此時液晶排列狀態改變並呈現亮訊號,由這個暗變亮的訊號轉換,我們可以得知系統是否檢測到水溶液中甲醛的存在。 起初我們以Hantzsch反應為檢測機制設計感測器,隨著進一步的討論,我們修改了對檢測機制的假說,並證明了其檢測機制為醛胺縮合反應,以此機制在酸性條件下,感測器可以檢測到1 mM的甲醛,具有高度的選擇性,也可應用於檢測化妝水樣品中30 mM濃度的甲醛含量。 液晶感測器具有低成本、簡單操作且肉眼即可辨識訊號的特性,因此適合開發為個人護理用品之甲醛檢測器。 |
英文摘要 |
We developed a liquid crystal (LC)-based sensor system for detecting formaldehyde in aqueous solutions. In this sensor, nematic LCs were doped with 4'-pentyl-4-biphenylamine (PBA), which acts as the amphiphilic molecule to align at LC/aqueous interface. Such alignment induced the homeotropic orientation of LCs and a dark signal was observed under polarized light. When formaldehyde was presented in the aqueous solutions, formaldehyde reacted with PBA to produce corresponding imine, which was not able to align at LC/aqueous interface such that the orientation of LCs was disrupted. As a result, a dark-to-bright transition of the LC signals was observed. At first, we supposed the detection mechanism was involved Hantzsch reaction. Based on the evidences of each discussion, we discarded our hypothesis and proved that the mechanism was amine-aldehyde reaction. By using this mechanism, 1 mM of formaldehyde can be detected in real-time with good selectivity. Moreover, we demonstrated that this system can be applied to detect formaldehyde in commercial facial toners with the limit of detection (LOD) of 30 mM. Because the LC-based sensor system is cost-effective and easy to use, while its signals can be simply differentiated through the naked-eye under ambient light, it shows great potential for the applications of formaldehyde detection in the daily necessities for general family. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
目錄 第一章 緒論 1 1-1液晶 1 1-1-1液晶的分類 2 1-1-2溶致型液晶 3 1-1-3熱致型液晶 3 1-1-4高分子液晶 4 1-1-5盤狀液晶 5 1-1-6桿狀液晶 5 1-1-7向列型液晶 7 1-1-8層列型液晶 7 1-1-9膽固醇液晶 9 1-2液晶感測器 9 1-2-1液晶感測器之檢測機制 10 1-2-2氣∕液相液晶檢測系統 11 1-2-3固相液晶檢測系統 15 1-2-4液晶液滴檢測系統 16 1-3甲醛 17 1-3-1甲醛對人體的危害 17 1-3-2甲醛檢測方法 18 1-3-2-1 Hantzsch Reaction檢測法 18 1-3-2-2 DNPH Reagent檢測法 19 1-4研究動機 20 第二章 實驗方法與材料 21 2-1實驗藥品與器材 21 2-2實驗儀器 22 2-3實驗方法 23 2-3-1製備PDMS培養皿 23 2-3-2製備DMOAP玻璃 23 2-3-3清洗TEM金屬網格(TEM-grid) 24 2-3-4製備參雜PBA之液晶 24 2-3-5製備1xPBS緩衝溶液 24 2-3-6製備醋酸鹽緩衝溶液 25 2-3-7製備不同濃度之CTAB溶液 25 2-3-8製備含有acetylacetone之待測液 25 2-3-9製備含有acetylacetone及甲醛之待測液 25 2-3-10製備甲醛待測液(不含acetylacetone) 26 2-3-11 PBA分子與甲醛反應性測試 26 2-3-11-1定量分析 26 2-3-11-2反應動力學測試 26 2-3-12 PBA分子之合成步驟 27 2-3-13以PBA進行Hantzsch Reaction之合成步驟 28 2-3-13-1 PBA與acetylacetone之反應 28 2-3-13-2甲醛與acetylacetone之反應 29 2-3-13-3甲醛、PBA與acetylacetone之反應 30 2-3-14以PBA進行醛胺縮合反應之合成步驟 31 第三章 結果與討論 32 3-1以Hantzsch Reaction作為檢測機制 32 3-1-1 Hantzsch Reaction之反應機制 33 3-1-2以PBA及CTAB控制液晶排列 34 3-1-3 Acetylacetone濃度對系統的影響 35 3-1-4系統對甲醛之偵測極限 35 3-1-5移除acetylacetone對系統的影響 36 3-1-6以PBA進行Hantzsch Reaction之可行性 37 3-1-7探討並修正對檢測機制之假說 38 3-2以醛胺縮合反應作為檢測機制 39 3-2-1醛胺縮合反應之反應機制 40 3-2-2 PBA-甲醛反應之可行性 40 3-2-3 PBA與不同濃度甲醛反應之吸收光譜變化 42 3-2-4 PBA-甲醛反應之動力學 44 3-2-5酸性條件下CTAB濃度對液晶訊號之影響 45 3-2-6酸性條件下系統對甲醛之偵測極限 45 3-2-7系統之選擇性探討 46 3-2-8系統對真實樣品的檢測結果 47 第四章 結論 49 參考資料 50 附圖 54 圖目錄 圖 1、Cholesteryl benzoate於不同溫度下所呈現之變化。 2 圖 2、液晶的分類。 3 圖 3、para-azoxyanisole, PAA之結構。 4 圖 4、常見主鏈/側鏈型高分子液晶。 4 圖 5、六取代–正–烷基氧醯基苯系列分子。 5 圖 6、典型桿狀液晶結構示意圖。 6 圖 7、向列型、層列型、膽固醇液晶之排列示意圖。 6 圖 8、層列型液晶SmA與SmC之排列示意圖。 8 圖 9、不同溫度範圍下8CB液晶相之變化。 8 圖 10、膽固醇液晶之螺距與光學性質示意圖。 9 圖 11、液晶感測器機制示意圖。 11 圖 12、氣∕液相液晶檢測系統裝置示意圖。 12 圖 13、(a) DMOAP及(b) OTS之結構。 13 圖 14、檢測氨氣氣體之機制示意圖。 14 圖 15、Hg2+檢測機制示意圖。 15 圖 16、液晶液滴之 (a) radial、(b) bipolar排列示意圖及偏光顯微鏡下呈現之光學訊號。 16 圖 17、DNPH與醛、酮類的反應。 19 圖 18、以Hantzsch Reaction設計之檢測機制示意圖。 32 圖 19、以PBA進行Hantzsch Reaction之反應機制。 33 圖 20、CTAB濃度對參雜PBA之液晶訊號影響。 34 圖 22、Acetylacetone濃度變化對液晶訊號影響。 35 圖 23、系統對甲醛之偵測極限。 36 圖 24、移除acetylacetone對系統的影響。 37 圖 25、以PBA進行Hantzsch Reaction之反應式 38 圖 26、以醛胺縮合為甲醛檢測機制之示意圖。 39 圖 27、PBA–甲醛縮合反應機制。 40 圖 28、PBA與MPBA在CDCl3之1H NMR光譜。 41 圖 29、MPBA之GC-MS光譜 (m/z = 253)。 42 圖 30、PBA與不同濃度甲醛反應之吸收光譜。 43 圖 31、PBA與甲醛之動力學研究。 44 圖 32、在酸性條件下CTAB濃度對液晶訊號之影響。 45 圖 33、酸性條件下系統對甲醛之偵測極限及訊號灰階值分析。 46 圖 34、系統之選擇性測試。 47 圖 35、系統對真實樣品檢測。 48 附圖目錄 附圖 1、PBA之1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 Hz) 54 附圖 2、4-((4'-pentyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)pent-3-en-2-one之1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 Hz) 54 附圖 3、3-methylenepentane-2,4-dione之1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 Hz) 55 附圖 4、MPBA之1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 Hz) 55 |
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