本研究以期望理論的觀點，說明同事交換關係、工作滿足、同事對工作滿足的正面效果，以及基於同事交換交換理論的觀點，了解其對知識分享意願、知識分享行為的影響，進而善用變項間相互影響，增進組織向心力，提昇工作績效，使人力資源得以更有效管理，以達成組織目標。
本研究以金融、金控業員工為對象的401個樣本資料，經結構化方程式模型驗證後發現，工作滿足對於同事交換關係及知識分享具有中介效果，同時，外在滿足對於知識分享行為有較強的關聯效果。

This thesis investigates the impact of coworker exchange relationship, job satisfaction by testing how these variables could foster greater knowledge sharing intention and behavior as well as implementing expectation theory and social exchange theory in order to utilize the influencing power among the variables to enhance the organization’s cohesiveness, increasing performance then manage the human resources more effective to achieve the organization’s goal.
This study tests the mediating role of job satisfaction among three interpersonal variables and knowledge sharing. By operating structural equation modeling (SEM), the results of a field investigation of 401 subjects from financial industry shows that job satisfaction mediated the positive relations of coworker exchange to knowledge sharing. On the other hand, outside job satisfaction have stronger relations to knowledge sharing behavior.

目  次
謝辭	I
中文摘要	II
英文摘要	III
目  次	IV
圖目錄	VI
表目錄	VII
第一章　緒論	1
1.1　研究背景與動機	1
1.2　研究動機	3
1.3　研究目的	4
第二章　文獻探討	6
2.1　社會交換行為相關理論	6
2.1.1社會交換理論(Social Exchange Theory)	6
2.1.2主管部屬交換關係品質 (Leader-member exchange relationship, LMX)	7
2.1.3 團隊成員交換關係(Team-member Exchange, TMX)	11
2.1.4同事交換關係(Coworker exchange relationship, CWX)	14
2.2　工作滿足相關理論	18
2.2.1工作滿足的定義	18
2.2.2工作滿足的理論	20
2.2.3工作滿足的相關研究	23
2.2.4工作滿足的衡量	25
2.3　知識分享	27
2.3.1知識分享意涵	27
2.3.2知識分享定義	28
2.3.3知識分享重要性	34
2.3.4知識分享的理論基礎	35
2.4　研究地圖	36
2.5　小結	37
第三章 研究方法	39
3.1　整合環保設計與TRIZ理論關係	39
3.1.1同事交換關係與知識分享關聯	40
3.1.2同事交換關係與工作滿足關聯	41
3.1.3工作滿足與知識分享的關聯性	43
3.1.4同事交換關係、工作滿足與知識分享的關聯性	44
3.2　衡量構面之操作型定義	45
3.2.1同事交換關係	45
3.2.2工作滿足	47
3.2.3知識分享	49
3.2.4人口統計變數	50
3.3　研究樣本及取樣程序	50
3.4　資料分析方法	52
第四章　資料分析與結果	54
4.1　敘述性統計分析	54
4.2　測量模式分析	56
4.2.1驗證性因素分析(Confirmatory Factor Analysis)	57
4.2.2信度分析	59
4.2.3效度分析	60
4.3　相關分析(Correlation analysis)	62
4.3.1同事交換關係與內在滿足的相關性	63
4.3.2同事交換關係與外在滿足的相關性	63
4.3.3同事交換關係與知識分享的相關性	64
4.3.4內在滿足與知識分享的相關性	64
4.3.5外在滿足與知識分享的相關性	64
4.4　結構模式分析	64
4.5　中介效果分析	66
第五章　結論與建議	70
5.1　研究結論	70
5.2　研究貢獻	71
5.3　管理意涵	72
5.4　未來研究方向與建議	75
5.5　研究限制	75

參考文獻	77
附錄一 本研究問卷	88

圖目錄
圖1.1　研究流程圖	5
圖2.1　知識管理重要元素架構圖	34
圖2.2  研究地圖	36
圖3.1　研究架構圖	39
圖4.1　結構模式路徑圖	69

表目錄
表2.1　主管與部屬交換關係品質定義	11
表2.2　同事交換關係定義	17
表2.3　工作滿足定義	18
表2.4　知識分享定義	32
表3.1　同事交換關係操作型定義	46
表3.2　工作滿足操作型定義	47
表3.3　知識分享操作型定義	49
表3.4　預試的對象	51
表3.5　預試問卷個構面項目分配及信度分析一覽表	51
表4-1　樣本結構分析表	55
表4.2　研究次構面之平均數、標準差、偏態與峰度	57
表4.3　CFA判斷標準一覽表	57
表4.4　各變項之驗證性因素分析結果表	59
表4.5　信度分析結果表	60
表4.6　收斂效度分析結果	61
表4.7　區別效度	62
表4.8　相關係數	63
表4.9　研究路徑彙總表	65
表4.10 直接與間接效果表	67

中文部分

1.王宜敏，2001，影響資訊人員知識分享行為之因素－以社會交換理論為基礎來探討，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
2.王淑壎，2005，性格到信任：同事對偶關係中的知識分享歷程。國立台灣大學理學院心理學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市
3.王耀德、楊千、王桂英，2001，比較公家機構與民營機構員工的事業生涯成就對其工作滿意、組織承諾與離職傾向之影響。交大管理學報，第21卷第2期，1-25。
4.余伯泉，1993，「工具性人情與情感性人情：一家國營企業之個案研究」，社會科學論叢，41: 87-120
5.吳貞誼，2000，個人-組織契合、組織信任與組織公民行為關係之研究-以航空客運公司為例。國立海洋大學航運管理學研究所碩士論文，未出版，基隆市。
6.李淑華譯-Dixon, N. 2001，知識共享型組織。。臺北市：商周。
7.汪金城，2000，研發機構知識分享機制之研究-以工研院光電所研發團隊為例。國立政治大學公共行政學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
8.林鳳珠，2008，『信任關係、組織承諾與組織公民行為關聯性之研究』，國防管理學院資源管理研究所碩士論文。
9.夏侯欣鵬，2000，信任與權力對組織知識分享意願影響之研 究-以銀行放款部門主管為例。國立政治大學企業管理學研究所博士論文，未出版，台北市。 
10.費孝通，1948，鄉土中國與鄉土重建，上海：觀察社。
11.黃銘廷，2002，知識分享公務人員知識分享意願、組織信任與組織文化之關係研究。國立台灣科技大學技術及職業教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
 
英文部分

1.Adams, J. S. (1963). Toward and understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 422-436.
2.Altimus, C. A., & Tersine, R. J. (1973). Cbronological age and job satisfaction: the young blue collar worker. Academy of Management Journal, 16(1), 53-66.
3.Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
4.Anderson, P., Finkelstein, S., Quinn J. B. (1996). Managing Professional intellect: Making the most of the best. Harvard Business Review, March-April, 42-53.
5.Armbrecht, F. M. R. Jr., Chapas, R. B., Chappelow, C. C. & Farris, G. F. (2001). Knowledge management in research and development. Research Technology Management, 44(2), 28-48.
6.Bagozzi, R. T., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Academic of Marketing Science, 16, 76-94.
7.Bartol, K. M., ＆Srivastava, A. (2002). Encourage knowledge sharing: the role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership and Organization Studies, 9(1), 64-76.
8.Bettencourt, L.A., Gwinner, K. P., ＆ Meuter, M. L. (2001). A comparison of attitude, personality, and knowledge predictors of service-oriented organizations citizenship behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 29-41.
9.Blau, J. K.(1964) Exchange and power in social life. New York;Wiley.
10.Bock, G. W., ＆ Kim, Y. (2002). Breaking the myths of rewards: an exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing. Information Resources Management Journal, 15(2), 14-21. 
11.Butler, J. K. (1991). Toward understanding and measuring conditions of trust: Evolution of a conditions of trust inventory. Journal of Management, 17, 643-663.
12.Cadenhead, A. C., & Richman, C. L. (1996). The effects of interpersonal trust and group status on prosocial and aggressive behaviors. Social Behavior and Personality, 24, 169-184.
13.Castleberry, S.B. & Tanner, J.F.,(1989). The Manager-Salesperson Relationship: An Exploratory Examination of the Vertical Dyad Linkage Model, Journal of Marketing Research, 103-118.
14.Ciekmann, K. A., Barsness, Z. I., & Sondak, H. (2004). Uncertainty, fairness perceptions,and job satisfaction: A field study. Social Justice Research, 17(3), 237-254.
15.Connelly, C. E. & Kelloway, E. K. (2003). Predictors of employees’ perceptions of knowledge sharing cultures. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(5), 294-301.
16.Cook, J. ＆ Wall, T. (1980). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfilment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53, 39-52.
17.Costigan, R. D., Ilter, S. S., & Berma, J. J. (1998). A multi-dimensional study of trust in organizations. Journal of Managerial Issues, 5(3), 303-315.
18.Covey, S. R. (1991). The taproot of trust. Executive Excellence, 8 , 3-4.
19.Cranny, C. J., Smith, P. C., ＆ Stone, E. F. (1992). Job satisfaction: how people feel about their jobs and how it affects their performance. New York: Lexington Press.
20.Dansereau, F., ＆ Graen, G. A. (1975). Vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership within formal organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13, 46-78. 
21.Davenport, T. H. & Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge.Boston: Havard Business School Press.
22.Deckop, J. R., Cirka, C. C., ＆ Andersson, L. M. (2003). Doing undo others: The reciprocity of helping behavior in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 47(2), 101-113.
23.Diekmann, K. A., Barsness, Z. I., & Sondak, H. (2004). Uncertainty,fairness perceptions, and job satisfaction: A field study. Social Justice Research, 17(3), 237-255.
24.Doney, P. M., ＆ Cannon, J. P. (1997). An examination of the nature of trust in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing Research Methods, 1, 374-406.
25.Driks, K. T. ＆ Ferrin, D. L. (2001). The role of trust in organizational settings. Organization Science, 12, 450-467.
26.Driscoll, J. W. (1978). Trust and participation in organizational decision making as predictors of satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 21(1), 44-56.
27.Drucker, P. (1998) . Peter Drucker on the profession management. The President and Fellows of Harvard Colledge.
28.Dunegan, K.J., Uhl-Bien, M., & Duchon, D. (1992). Task-level climate and LMX as interactive predictors of performance. Paper presented at the Academy of Management annual meeting. Las Vegas, Nevada.
29.	Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology. 71: 500-507.
30.	Eylon, D., & Bamberger, P. (2000). Empowerment cognitions and empowerment acts: Recognizing the importance of gender. Groug and Organization Management, 25, 354-373. 
31.	Fang, S. C., & Tsai, F. S. (2005). Knowledge sharing routines, task efficiency, and team service quality in instant service-giving settings. Journal of America Academy of Busines, 6(1), 62-67.
32.	Flaheerty, K. E., ＆ Pappas, J. M. (2000). The role of trust in salesperson-sales manager relationships. The Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 20(4), 271-278.
33.	Galford, R. ＆ Drapeau, A. S. (2003.). The enemies of trust. Harvard Business Review Mar, 88-95. 
34.	Ganzach, Y. (1998). Intelligence and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 41(5), 526-539.
35.	Gibson, J.L., ＆ Klein, S. M. (1970). Employee attitudes as a function of age and length of service: A reconceptualization. Academy of Management Journal, 13, 526-539.
36.	Goris, J. R., Vaught, B. C., & Pettit, J. D. Jr. (2003). Effects of trust in superiors and influence of superiors on the association between individual-job congruence and job performances/satisfaction. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(3), 327-342.
37.	Gouldner, A. W. 1960. The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25,161-178.
38.	Graen, G.. 1976. Role-making processes within complex organizations. In Dunnette, M. D.(Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology: 1204-1245.
39.	Graen, G.B., Scandura, T.A.(1987). Toward a Psychology of dyadic organizing. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9 , 175-208.
40.	Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 161.
41.	Hall, H. (2001). Input-friendliness: motivating knowledge sharing across intranets. Journal of Information Science, 27(3), 139-146.
42.	Hampton, G. M., & Hampton, D. L. (2004). Relationship of professionalism , rewards, market orientation and job satisfaction among medical professionals the case of certified nurse-midwives. Journal of Business Reasearch , 57,1042-1053.
43.	Hendriks, P. (1999). Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing. Knowledge and Process Management, 6(2), 91-100.
44.	Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. (1959). The motivation to work, New York: John Wiley.
45.	Hislop, D. (2003). Linking human resource management and knowledge management via commitment. Employee Relations, 25(2), 182-202.
46.	Hoof, B. V. D., ＆ Weenen, F. D. L. V. (2004). Committed to share: commitment and CMC use as antecedents of knowledge sharing. Knowledge and Process Management, 11(1), 13-24.
47.	Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction, New York: Happer and Row.
48.	Hosmer, L. T. (1995). Trust: the connecting link between organization theory and philosophical ethics. Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 379-403.
49.	Ipe, M. (2003). Knowledge sharing in organizations: A conceptual framework. Human Resource Development Review, 2(4), 337-359.
50.	Jaccard, J., & Wan C. K., (1996). LISREL approachs to interaction effects in multiple regression. Sage University Papers Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, 07-114, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
51.	Jones, G. R., ＆ George, J. M. (1998). The experience and evolution of trust: implication for cooperation and teamwork. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 531-546.
52.	Jones, S. (2002). Employee rights, employee responsibilities and knowledge sharing in intelligent organization. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 14(2/3), 69-78.
53.	Joni, S. A. (2004. Apr.). The geography of trust. Harward Business Review, 86-93. 
54.	Judge, T. A., Boudreau, J. W., & Bretz, Jr., R. D. (1994). Job and life attitudes of male executives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 767-782.
55.	Konovsky, M. A., ＆ Pugh, S. D. (1994). Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 656-669.
56.	Koys, D. J. (2001). The effects of employee satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior and turnover on organizational effectiveness: a unit-level, longitudinal study. Personnel Psychology, 54, 101-114.
57.	Kroch, G. (2002). The communal resource and information systems. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11, 85-107.
58.	Leonard, D., ＆ Sensiper, D. (1998). The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation. California Management Review, 40(3),112-131.
59.	Lewicki, R. J., ＆ Bunker, B. B. (1996). Trust in Organizations：Frontiers of Theory and Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
60.	Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., ＆ Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and distrust: new relationships and realities. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 238-458.
61.	Liao, S. H., Chang, J. C., Cheng, S. C., ＆ Kuo, C. M. (2004). Employee relationship and knowledge sharing : A case study of a Taiwanese finance and securities firm. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 2, 24-34.
62.	Liebowitz, J. (2001). Knowledge management and its link to artificial intelligence. Expert Systems with Applications, 20, 1-6.
63.	Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M.D.Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally.
64.	Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.
65.	Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., ＆ Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3) ,709-734.
66.	McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect and cognition based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 24-59.
67.	Muchinsky, P. M. (1977). Employee absenteeism: A review of the literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 10, 316-340.
68.	Nelson, K. M., ＆ Cooprider, J. G. (1996). The contribution shared knowledge to IS group performance. MIS Quarterly Dec., 409-426.
69.	Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi(1995). The knowledge-creating company. New York: Oxford University Press. 
70.	Nunnally, J. C. (1978). P	sychometric Theory. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
71.	Nyhan, M., ＆ Marlowe, H. A. (1997). Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory. Psychometric Properties Oct., 614-635.
72.	O’Dell, C., & Grayson, C. J. (1998). If only we knew what we know: Identification and transfer of internal best practices. California Management Review, 40(3), 154-174.
73.	Okhuysen, G. A., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2002). Integrating knowledge in groups: How formal interventions enable flexibility. Organization Science, 13(4), 370-386.
74.	Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good solider syndrome, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
75.	Organ, D. W., ＆ Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48, 775-802.
76.	Pfeffer, J. (1994). Competitive advantage through people. Harvard Business School Press. Boston, MA.
77.	Poon, J. M. L. (2003). Situational antecedents and outcomes of organizational politics perceptions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(2), 138-155.
78.	Rempel, J. K., Holmes, J. G., & Zanna, M. P. (1985). Trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(1), 95-112.
79.	Rich, G. A. (1997). The sales manager as a role model: Effects on trust, job satisfaction, and performance of salespeople. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(4), 319-328.
80.	Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S. & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 393-404.
81.	Ryu, S., Ho, S. H. ＆ Han, I. (2003). Knowledge sharing behavior of physicians in hospitals. Expert Systems with Applications, 25, 113-122.
82.	Schoorman, D. F., Mayer, R. C., ＆ Davis, J. H. (1996). Organizational trust: Philosophical perspectives and conceptual definitions. Academy of Management Review, 21, 337-340.
83.	Seers, A. (1989). Team-member exchange quality: A new construct for role-making research. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43: 118-135.
84.	Sekhar, S. F., Chandra, A. P., ＆ Anjaiah, P. (1995). Organizational communication and interpersonal trust: An evaluation of their relationships. Psychological Studies, 40, 28-32.
85.	Smith, P. C., Kendell, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969).Measurement of Satisfaction In Work & Retirement. Chicago: Rand McNally.
86.	Staples, D. S., & Higgins, C. A. (1998). A study of the importance weightings on job satisfaction measures. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13(2),211-232.
87.	Treadway, D. C., Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., Kacmar, C. J., Douglas, C., Ammeter, A. P., ＆ Buckley, M. R. (2004). Leader political skill and employee reactions. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 493-513.
88.	Vroom, V. H. (1962). Ego-involvement, job satisfaction and job performance. Personnel Psychology, 15, 159-177.
89.	Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 173-194.
90.	Wijnhoven, F. (1998). Knowledge logistic in business context: Analyzing and diagnosing knowledge sharing by logistics concepts. Knowledge and Process Management, 5, 143-157. 
91.	Yousef, D. A. (2002). Job satisfaction as a mediator of the relationship between job stressors and affective, continuance, and normative commitment: A path analytical approach. International Journal of Stress Management, 9(2), 99-112.