隨著無線網路技術的發展，使用者裝置的數量急劇成長，基地台可能無法同時服務如此巨量的使用者裝置。為了減少基地台的計算開銷，3GPP提出一種新的通訊技術，稱之為D2D通訊，其概念是鄰近的兩個裝置可以直接進行資料傳輸，無需由基地台轉發。然而我們觀察到，基地台使用波束成型技術服務使用者裝置時，會使得網路上產生許多沒有被訊號所涵蓋之區域，我們可以利用這些區域來安排D2D通訊，進一步地增加網路的容量。因此我們提出一種資料分散之資源分配方法，我們將所有可使用的無線傳輸資源分配給D2D通訊裝置使用，藉由這種方式來降低D2D通訊裝置使用的傳輸功率，接着我們利用D2D通訊裝置間的干擾關係，使用深度搜尋方法找出一條最長路徑，這個最長路徑是一連串的干擾關係，接著由路徑最尾端的裝置依序地計算加了干擾容忍的傳輸功率，透過干擾容忍來提升D2D通訊裝置的排程數量。所提出之方法能夠使D2D通訊裝置使用較低的傳輸功率進行傳輸，進而降低D2D通訊裝置間的干擾強度，來提升D2D通訊裝置的排程數量。模擬結果也顯示了所提出的方法能夠有效地提升網路的吞吐量。

With the development of wireless communication technology, the number of user equipment has grown rapidly, and the base station may not be able to serve such a large number of user equipment at the same time. In order to reduce the computing overhead of the base station, 3GPP has proposed a new communication technology known as device-to-device(D2D) communication. D2D communication is defined as direct communication between two adjacent devices without traversing the base station. However, we have observed that when the base station uses beamforming technology to serve cellular users, it will cause many areas on the network that are not covered by the signal. We can use these areas to arrange D2D communication and further increase the network capacity. Therefore, we proposed a resource allocation scheme for data dispersion. We allocate all available radio resources block to D2D communication devices. Through this way, we can reduce the transmitter power by D2D communication devices. Then we use the interference relationship between D2D communication to find a longest path by depth-first search. This longest path is a series of interference relationships, and then the device at the end of the path sequentially calculates the transmission power with interference tolerance. Interference tolerance improves the number of scheduled D2D communication. Simulation results also show that the proposed method can effectively improve the throughput of the network.

第一章、緒論...................................1
第二章、相關文獻.................................5
第三章、系統模型.................................9
第四章、資源分配及功率控制方法........................16
    4.1建立干擾關係表.................................16
    4.2  D2D group階層式干擾路徑的資源分配及功率控制.....17
第五章、模擬結果.................................28
    5.1模擬環境與參數.................................28
    5.2模擬比較對象.................................28
    5.3模擬參數變化的模擬結果....................30
        5.3.1  D2D group參數變化的模擬結果..........30
        5.3.2基地台服務半徑變化的吞吐量模擬結果......38
        5.3.3系統頻寬變化的吞吐量模擬結果............39
第六章、總結...................................41
參考文獻......................................42
附錄­英文論文...................................44

圖目錄
Fig. 1網路干擾示意圖............................12
Fig. 2干擾有向圖...............................24
Fig. 3 D2D group數量變化的吞吐量模擬結果........31
Fig. 4 D2D group接收端數量變化的吞吐量模擬結果....32
Fig. 5 D2D group接收端數量變化時每消耗1瓦特的吞吐量模擬結果..33
Fig. 6 D2D group接收端數量變化的排程數量模擬結果........34
Fig. 7 D2D group接收端數量變化的公平指標模擬結果........35
Fig. 8 D2D group傳輸端與接收端最大距離變化的模擬結果....36
Fig. 9 D2D group群集數量變化的模擬結果.................37
Fig. 10 D2D group群集分佈密度變化的模擬結果............38
Fig. 11基地台服務半徑變化的吞吐量模擬結果..............39
Fig. 12系統頻寬變化的吞吐量模擬結果....................40

表目錄
Table. 1先前的研究與本文所提出方法之間的比較............7
Table. 2 Table 3: Lookup table for mapping SINR estimate to spectral efficiency.[10].............................12
Table. 3 Table 7.2.3­1: 4­bit CQI Table.[1]...........13
Table. 4模擬參數表...................................29

[1]3GPP. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E­UTRA); Physical layer procedures.Technical Specification (TS) 36.213, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 4 2020.URLhttp://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/36213.htm. Version 13.16.0.
[2]J. Chen. Efficient codebook­based beamforming algorithm for millimeter­wave massiveMIMO systems.IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66(9):7809–7817, 2017.
[3]F. Hajiaghajani and M. Rasti. Downlink resource reuse for device­to­device communi­cation underlaying cellular networks using a generalized knapsack framework. In201613th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), pages171–176. IEEE, 2016.
[4]S. Han, I. Chih­Lin, Z. Xu, and C. Rowell. Large­scale antenna systems with hybrid analogand digital beamforming for millimeter wave 5G.IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(1):186–194, 2015.
[5]Y. Hassan, F. Hussain, S. Hossen, S. Choudhury, and M. M. Alam. Interference minimiza­tion in d2d communication underlaying cellular networks.IEEE Access, 5:22471–22484,2017.
[6]Z. Jiang, S. Chen, S. Zhou, and Z. Niu. Joint user scheduling and beam selection op­timization for beam­based massive MIMO downlinks.IEEE Transactions on WirelessCommunications, 17(4):2190–2204, 2018.
[7]C. Kai, L. Xu, J. Zhang, and M. Peng. Joint uplink and downlink resource allocation ford2d communication underlying cellular networks. In2018 10th International Conferenceon Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), pages 1–6. IEEE, 2018.
[8]A. Köse and B. Özbek. Resource allocation for underlaying device­to­device commu­nications using maximal independent sets and knapsack algorithm. In2018 IEEE 29thAnnual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC), pages 1–5. IEEE, 2018.
[9]M.­L. Ku and J.­W. Lai. Joint beamforming and resource allocation for wireless­powereddevice­to­device communications in cellular networks.IEEE Transactions on WirelessCommunications, 16(11):7290–7304, 2017.
[10]Y.­W. Kuo and L.­D. Chou. Power saving scheduling scheme for internet of things overlte/lte­advanced networks.Mobile Information Systems, 2015, 2015.
[11]S. Kutty and D. Sen. Beamforming for millimeter wave communications: an inclusivesurvey.IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(2):949–973, 2015.
[12]W.­K. Lai, Y.­C. Wang, H.­C. Lin, and J.­W. Li. Efficient resource allocation and powercontrol for lte­a d2d communication with pure d2d model.IEEETransactionsonVehicularTechnology, 69(3):3202–3216, 2020
[13]D. H. Lee, K. W. Choi, W. S. Jeon, and D. G. Jeong. Resource allocation scheme fordevice­to­device communication for maximizing spatial reuse. In2013 IEEE WirelessCommunications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pages 112–117. IEEE, 2013.
[14]J.­M. Liang, P.­Y. Chang, J.­J. Chen, C.­F. Huang, and Y.­C. Tseng. Energy­efficient drxscheduling for d2d communication in 5g networks.Journal of Network and ComputerApplications, 116:53–64, 2018.
[15]S. Liu, Y. Wu, L. Li, X. Liu, and W. Xu.  A two­stage energy­efficient approach forjoint power control and channel allocation in d2d communication.IEEE Access, 7:16940–16951, 2019.
[16]I. Mondal, A. Neogi, P. Chaporkar, and A. Karandikar. Bipartite graph based proportionalfair resource allocation for d2d communication. In2017 IEEE wireless communicationsand networking conference (WCNC), pages 1–6. IEEE, 2017.
[17]J. Qiao, X. Shen, J. W. Mark, and Y. He. MAC­layer concurrent beamforming protocolfor indoor millimeter­wave networks.IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 64(1):327–338, 2015.
[18]S. T. Shah, J. Gu, S. F. Hasan, and M. Y. Chung. Sc­fdma­based resource allocationand power control scheme for d2d communication using lte­a uplink resource.EURASIPJournal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2015(1):137, 2015.
[19]Sierra Wireless. AirPrime ­ MC7354 ­ Product Technical Specification and CustomerDesign Guidelines.    URLhttps://source.sierrawireless.com/resources/airprime/minicard/airprime_mc7354_product_technical_specification_and_customer_design_guidelines/.
[20]G. H. Sim, A. Loch, A. Asadi, V. Mancuso, and J. Widmer. 5G millimeter­wave and D2Dsymbiosis: 60 GHz for proximity­based services.IEEE Wireless Communications, 24(4):140–145, 2017.
[21]Y.­C. Wang and D.­R. Jhong. Efficient allocation of lte downlink spectral resource toimprove fairness and throughput.International Journal of Communication Systems, 30(14):e3287, 2017.
[22]T. Yang, R. Zhang, X. Cheng, and L. Yang. Graph coloring based resource sharing (gcrs)scheme for d2d communications underlaying full­duplex cellular networks.IEEE Trans­actions on Vehicular Technology, 66(8):7506–7517, 2017.
[23]H. Yoon, S. Park, and S. Choi. Efficient feedback mechanism and rate adaptation for lte­based d2d communication. In2017 IEEE 18th International Symposium on A World ofWireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), pages 1–9. IEEE, 2017.
[24]L. Zhao, H. Wang, and X. Zhong. Interference graph based channel assignment algorithmfor d2d cellular networks.IEEE Access, 6:3270–3279, 2018.