本研究旨在利用數值方法分析蒸汽腔體的溫度梯度。文中利用拉普拉斯方程式(Laplace equation)定義上下板塊；運用連續方程式、動量方程式、與能量方程式定義蒸汽腔室，並配合熱傳導與熱對流理論設定邊界條件。數值運算方面則使用有限元素分析軟體ANSYS 9.0來模擬解析。模擬的蒸汽腔體尺寸大小為4cm×0.2cm的二維數值分析模型，工作流體假設為過熱蒸汽，解析其不同板塊材質與加熱面積的溫度分佈。
    分析中比較銅、鋁、矽三種不同材質板塊的蒸汽腔體，結果顯示熱傳導係數越大的材質，可得到更為均勻的溫度分佈；而在同熱量不同加熱面積的比較中，因加熱面積小造成熱量集中，溫度分佈較不均勻。在散熱面的溫度分佈上可觀察到，蒸汽腔體除了能用於帶走熱量，作為熱傳遞的媒介之外，還能有效地將熱量均勻帶至散熱面，藉由散熱模組散熱，提高散熱效益。

The study investigates thermal performance of vapor chamber heat spreaders by numerical method. Two-dimensional flow and energy equations are solved in the vapor core, along with conduction in the wall. Numerical simulation is studied with the software ANSYS 9.0 to predict the temperature distribution on a 4cm x 0.2cm chamber area with variation in material and heat source size of the spreader. 
    With comparison of the copper, aluminum, and silicon, result shows that wall thermal conductivity is a major factor in such thin, flat spreaders. The spreader performance also degrades with degrade in heat source size due to the heat centralization and uneven temperature distribution. In addition to heat transmission, vapor chamber can also bring heat to cooling surface, and heat sink effectively, and improve capability of heat dissipation.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
目  錄…………………………………………………………………. Ⅲ
圖目錄……………………….……………..………………………….. Ⅴ
表目錄……………………….………………..……………………….. Ⅷ
符號說明………………………...…………………………………….. Ⅸ

第一章  緒論
1-1 研究動機………………………………………………………1
1-2 研究背景與文獻回顧…………………………………………4
1-2-1 實作文獻………………………………………….……4
1-2-2 理論分析文獻……………………………………….. 14
1-3 研究目的………………………………………………….......22

第二章  相關簡介
2-1 熱管之基礎理論……………………………………………...23
2-1-1 熱管作動原理………………………….....……...……24
2-1-2 熱管熱傳限制…………………………………....……25
2-2 均熱片與蒸汽腔體之簡介…………………………………...28

第三章  理論與數值分析
3-1 理論分析…….………………………………….....………….33
3-2 模擬分析…….…………………………………….………….41

第四章  結果與討論
4-1 結果與分析…...………………………………………………45
4-2 結論……...…….………………………………….……..……51

第五章  未來建議…………………………………………….....… 53

參考文獻………………………………………………………………55

附錄一 銅材蒸汽腔體溫度數據表…………….…………….…….60
附錄二 鋁材蒸汽腔體溫度數據表……………………….….…….61
附錄三 矽材蒸汽腔體溫度數據表…………………..…………….62
附錄四 不同加熱面積蒸汽腔體溫度數據表………….………..….63
 
圖目錄
圖1-1 CPU效能與消耗功率及熱通量關係圖……...…………….……3
圖1-2桌上型電腦CPU常見的散熱方式……...……………………....3
圖1-3平板式熱管(a)外形….......…..………...……………..…………..5
圖1-3 (b)橫截面形狀……….......…..………...……………..…………..5
圖1-4化學蝕刻之毛細結構……………………..………...……………5
圖1-5電漿蝕刻之毛細結構………...…………..………………………6
圖1-6以Kovar合金為基材所製作之平板微熱管均熱片...…………6
圖1-7平板式微熱管橫截面……………………………………………7
圖1-8 24條迴路式流道之平板式微熱管……………………………..7
圖1-9輻射狀微熱管均熱片……………………………………………8
圖1-10三層銅板結構之微熱管均熱片…………………………..……9
圖1-11金屬微熱管均熱片成品圖……………………………..………9
圖1-12星形流道之微熱管截面圖……………………………………10
圖1-13部分敞開與完全敞開溝槽式熱管橫截面……………………10
圖1-14網格式毛細結構………………………………………………11
圖1-15溝槽式毛細結構………………………………………………11
圖1-16壓克力板塊材質之蒸汽腔體…………………………………12
圖1-17蒸汽腔體立體示意圖…………………………………………12
圖1-18柵型微結構整體尺寸圖………………………………………13
圖1-19柵型微結構……………………………………………………13
圖1-20嵌入式熱管示意圖……………………………………………14
圖1-21等效k值說明圖…………...………………………...………15
圖1-22 C. B. Sobhan et al熱管數值分析模型…………………….16
圖1-23開放腔體均熱片之數值分析模型………………………..…..16
圖1-24 (a)散熱鰭片組之熱電阻系統………...…………………..…..19
圖1-24 (b)均熱片之受熱平面…….……….……………………...…..19
圖1-25 (a)電阻分佈圖………..…………………………….…….…..19
圖1-25 (b)轉移線矩陣(transmission-line-matrix)……….…….....…..19
圖1-26均熱片之2D流體分析模型…………..…………….....…..20
圖1-27蒸汽腔體溫度梯度圖………...…………………………..…..21
圖1-28純銅塊溫度梯度圖………………...……………………..…..21
圖2-1熱管之組成與作動示意圖…....………………………………..24
圖2-2熱管最大熱傳量與操作溫度關係圖………………....………..25
圖2-3有、無均熱片與鰭片溫度分佈圖.…………...………………..28
圖2-4熱管式均熱片作動示意圖……………………………………..29
圖2-5熱管工作流體運作圖…………………………………………..30
圖2-6熱電阻方式所表示之熱管……………………………..………30
圖2-7平板式熱管……………………………………………………..30
圖2-8熱電阻方式所表示之平板式熱管……………………………..30
圖2-9蒸汽腔體作動示意圖…………………………………………..32
圖2-10開放式腔體流體沸騰觀察圖(f為充填量、q為加熱瓦數)...32
圖3-1熱傳方程式與熱傳導現象………………….…………………33
圖3-2熱對流方程式與熱對流現象…………..…………...…………34
圖3-3蒸汽腔體數值分析模型……..……………………..………….34
圖3-4二維控制體積之質量守恆示意圖.……………………….……37
圖3-5數值運算分析流程圖……………………………………….…41
圖4-1銅材蒸汽腔體之溫度梯度圖(oC)……………………...……...47
圖4-2銅材蒸汽腔體蒸汽腔室速度分佈圖…………………..……...47
圖4-3不同材質蒸汽腔體之散熱表面溫度分佈…………………….48
圖4-4不同材質蒸汽腔體之加熱面溫度分佈……………………….48
圖4-5不同材質之蒸汽腔體垂直溫度分佈( x方向中點位置)...….49
圖4-6不同加熱面積之蒸汽腔體散熱表面溫度分佈……………….49
圖4-7不同加熱面積之蒸汽腔體加熱面溫度分佈………………….50
圖4-8不同加熱面積之蒸汽腔體垂直溫度分佈( x方向中點位置).50























表目錄
表3-1上下板塊材料性質表………………………………..……..43
表3-2水與水蒸汽性質表……………………………………….....43
表4-1實體模型尺寸表………………………………………........47

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