本研究成功利用優化之Gabriel reaction合成六個含硼之一級胺類化合物 (Fig. 1)。由於這六個含硼一級胺類化合物皆在溫和的條件下予以合成，因此所得產率皆高於50%以上 (Scheme 1,2)。
以含硼一級胺產物為Ugi多組成反應(Ugi-4CR)之起始物並藉由微波輔助條件，本研究成功合成含硼之peptoid衍生物。而這些含硼之peptoid衍生物可藉由一鍋化水解反應，將其轉變為相對應之硼酸化合物 (Fig. 2)。最後，這些Ugi-4CR之peptoids化合物可藉由Suzuki coupling reaction更進一步修飾以達到將結構複雜化的目的 (Fig. 3)。

In this study, the modified Gabriel synthetic condition was developed to build six boron-containing primary amines in good to excellent yields (Fig. 1). This modified condition allowed the synthesis to carry out in mild synthetic processes (Scheme 1,2).
Further, the desired boron-containing primary amines were further utilized to construct the peptoid analogs via microwave assisted Ugi four component reaction (Ugi-4CR) (Fig. 2). In addition, these Ugi-4CR boronate esters were converted to the corresponding boronic acids by a one-pot hydration reaction. Finally, the peptoid structures can be further modified by incorporating aryl/heteroaryl component via palladium mediated Suzuki coupling reaction (Fig. 3).

目 錄
謝誌	 I
中文摘要	 II
英文摘要	 IV
目錄	 VI
圖表目錄	 X
附圖目錄	 XVI

Chapter 1 緒論	1
1.1 研究動機	1
1.2 研究目的	3
Chapter 2 文獻回顧	5
2.1 Peptide藥物之介紹	5
2.1.1 Peptide藥物之優缺點	5
2.1.2 Peptide藥物之改良	6
2.2 Peptoid藥物之介紹	7
2.2.1 Petoid藥物之特點	7
2.2.2 Peptoid藥物之合成	8
2.3 含硼藥物之介紹	11
2.3.1 硼化學簡介	11
2.3.1.1 硼酸(Boronic acids)	11
2.3.1.2 硼酯(Boronate esters)	13
2.3.1.3 三氟硼酸鹽類化合物(Trifluoroborates)	14
2.3.2 含硼化合物在合成上之應用	14
2.3.2.1 Metal-catalyzed cross-couplings	15
2.3.2.2 Petasis reaction	15
2.3.3含硼化合物在藥物化學上之應用	16
2.3.3.1. 酵素抑制劑	18
2.3.3.2 蛋白酶體抑制劑	27
2.3.3.3 抗癌技術與治療	32
2.3.3.4 現階段之FDA臨床藥物	34
2.4 Multiconpoment Reactions (MCRs)之介紹	36
2.4.1 MCRs之特點	36
2.4.2 Ugi Reaction之應用	41
2.4.3 含硼Ugi Reaction之介紹	46
Chapter 3 結果與討論	48
3.1 含硼一級胺之合成	48
3.1.1 BF3K amine之合成	48
3.1.2 Bpin amine之合成	53
3.1.3 Bpin amine之One-Pot合成	59
3.1.4 Bpin amine salt之合成	63
3.2 含硼一級胺之應用	66
3.2.1 Bpin Ugi之合成	66
3.2.2 B(OH)2 ugi之合成	70
3.2.3 Suzuki Reaction的合成	72
Chapter 4 結論	75
Chapter 5藥品、實驗步驟與儀器	76
5-1  藥品介紹	76
5-2  實驗儀器與測試方法	78
5-3  含硼一級胺實驗步驟	79
5-4  含硼一級胺光譜	90
5-5  含硼Ugi實驗步驟	93
5-6  含硼Ugi光譜	103
5-7  Suzuki實驗步驟	108
5-8  Suzuki光譜	111
5-9  生物活性評估與方法	113
附錄一 參考文獻	115
附錄二 光譜圖	126

 
圖表目錄
Fig. 1.1一般的peptide與peptoid之構型	2
Fig. 1.2含硼官能基之應用	4
Fig. 2.1各種不同peptidomimetics結構	6
Fig. 2.2硼衍生物之命名	11
Fig. 2.3常見硼酸型態	12
Fig. 2.4常見硼酯型態	13
Fig. 2.5常見硼酸鹽類型態	14
Fig. 2.6中性的三角平面之硼酸與親核試劑進行配位後會變形成陰性的四面體構型	17
Fig. 2.7最早發現的含硼天然物Boromycin	17
Fig. 2.8凝血酶抑制劑	20
Fig. 2.9凝血酶抑制劑	21
Fig. 2.10 fXa抑制劑	21
Fig. 2.11類水蛭素之凝血酶抑制劑	22
Fig. 2.12推測之水合物抑制機制	22
Fig. 2.13 α-chymotrypsin抑制劑	23
Fig. 2.14 β-lactamases抑制劑	24
Fig. 2.15 HCV抑制劑	24
Fig. 2.16 DPPIV抑制劑	25
Fig. 2.17精胺酸脢抑制劑	25
Fig. 2.18一氧化氮合酶含硼抑制劑	26
Fig. 2.19 26S蛋白酶質體	28
Fig. 2.20硼替佐米	32
Fig. 2.21硼中子捕獲治療(BNCT，Boron Neutron Capture Therapy)	33
Fig. 2.22目前應用於各類型硼之中子捕獲治療藥物	34
Fig. 2.23上圖為多步合成反應，下圖為MCRs	37
Fig. 2.24藉由MCR所開發之藥物	40
Fig. 2.25針對Ugi酸基之其他可替換官能基	42
Fig. 2.26針對Ugi胺基之其他可替換官能基	42
Fig. 2.27 Ugi環化反應之設計	43
Fig. 2.28各種不同含硼化合物	47
Fig. 3.1目標之化合物	48
Fig. 3.2推測之化合物	49
Fig. 3.3 BF3K官能基氧化為OH官能基	52
Fig. 3.4目標之化合物	53
Fig. 3.5 (a)氯化物 (b)含methyl methanesulfonate離去基之化合物	55
Fig. 3.6含硼一級胺	58
Fig. 3.7硼酸與硼酯可以藉由酸鹼度加以調控	65
Fig. 3.8進行Ugi-4CR所需起始物	67
Fig. 3.9含Bpin之Ugi-4CR產物	69
Fig. 3.10含B(OH)2之Ugi-4CR產物	71
Fig. 3.11有機鹵化物與Pd催化劑	72
Fig. 3.12 Suzuki cross-coupling之產物	73

 
Scheme 2.1最起初peptoid的合成	9
Scheme 2.2 peptoid的“submonomer”之固相合成	10
Scheme 2.3硼酸易受到環境pH值的改變而影響構型	12
Scheme 2.4硼酸化合物於cross-coupling之反應	15
Scheme 2.5由Petasis reaction合成出不同官能機化合物	16
Scheme 2.6硼酸化合物在四面體轉換	18
Scheme 2.7硼酸化合物對蛋白酶抑制機制簡圖	19
Scheme 2.8胱胺酸蛋白酶抑制機制	27
Scheme 2.9a Ugi反應基本的四大元素	41
Scheme 2.10 Solid-Phase MCRs of Ugi Reaction	44
Scheme 2.11 GSK藉由Ugi-4CR所合成之DKP類藥物	45
Scheme 2.12 Lemonomycin之Ugi-4CR	46
Scheme 3.1硼官能基轉換	48
Scheme 3.2含BF3K之一級胺合成步驟	51
Scheme 3.3含BF3K之一級胺合成步驟	52
Scheme 3.4 含氟之一級胺合成步驟	58
Scheme 3.5有機鹼與無機鹼在氯化反應中推測之反應機制	61
Scheme 3.6首次使用One-Pot反應合成出含硼一級胺	62
Scheme 3.7用One-Pot反應合成出含硼一級胺鹽	65
Scheme 3.8 Suzuki cross-coupling	72

Table 2.1含硼藥物之臨床試驗	34
Table 2.2大部分常見的MCRs	37
Table 2.3 MCRs的類型	40
Table 3.1含BF3K之一級胺條件測試	49
Table 3.2 B(OH)2轉Bpin官能基	54
Table 3.3 Aldehyde還原為Alcohol官能基	54
Table 3.4 Alcohol轉換為phthalimide基團	56
Table 3.5 phthalimide基團轉換為一級胺	57
Table 3.6 Alcohol轉換為phthalimide基團	59
Table 3.7一級胺轉鹽類	64
Table 3.8利用微波裝置進行Ugi-4CR之優化試驗	66
Table 3.9含硼Ugi-4CR之合成	68
Table 3.10含硼Ugi-4CR之合成	70
Table 3.11 Suzuki cross-coupling之合成	73

 
附圖目錄
附圖 1化合物3.8a之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	130
附圖 2化合物3.8a之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	131
附圖 3化合物3.8a之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	131
附圖 4化合物3.8b之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	132
附圖 5化合物3.8b之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	132
附圖 6化合物3.8b之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	133
附圖 7化合物3.8c之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	133
附圖 8化合物3.8c之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	134
附圖 9化合物3.8c之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	134
附圖 10化合物3.8d之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	135
附圖 11化合物3.8d之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	136
附圖 12化合物3.8d之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	136
附圖 13化合物3.8e之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	137
附圖 14化合物3.8e之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	137
附圖 15化合物3.8e之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	138
附圖 16化合物3.8f之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	138
附圖 17化合物3.8f之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	139
附圖 18化合物3.8f之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	139
附圖 19化合物3.12a之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	140
附圖 20化合物3.12a之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	140
附圖 21化合物3.12a之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	141
附圖 22化合物3.12b之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	141
附圖 23化合物3.12b之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	142
附圖 24化合物3.12b之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	142
附圖 25化合物3.12c之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	143
附圖 26化合物3.12c之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	143
附圖 27化合物3.12c之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	144
附圖 28化合物3.12e之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	144
附圖 29化合物3.12e之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	145
附圖 30化合物3.12e之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	145
附圖 31化合物3.12e之HMQC-2D NMR	146
附圖 32化合物3.12e之HMBC-2D NMR	146
附圖 33化合物3.12e之HMBC-2D NMR (expand)	147
附圖 34化合物3.16a之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	148
附圖 35化合物3.16a之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	148
附圖 36化合物3.16a之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	149
附圖 37化合物3.16b之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	149
附圖 38化合物3.16b之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	150
附圖 39化合物3.16b之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	150
附圖 40化合物3.16c之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	151
附圖 41化合物3.16c之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	151
附圖 42化合物3.16c之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	152
附圖 43化合物3.16d之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	152
附圖 44化合物3.16d之13C-NMR (75.4 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	153
附圖 45化合物3.16d之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	153
附圖 46化合物3.16e之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	154
附圖 47化合物3.16e之13C-NMR (150.9 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	154
附圖 48化合物3.16e之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	155
附圖 49化合物3.17a之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	155
附圖 50化合物3.17a之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	156
附圖 51化合物3.17a之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	156
附圖 52化合物3.17b之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	157
附圖 53化合物3.17b之13C-NMR (150.9 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	157
附圖 54化合物3.17b之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	158
附圖 55化合物3.17c之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	158
附圖 56化合物3.17c之13C-NMR (75.4 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	159
附圖 57化合物3.17c之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	159
附圖 58化合物3.17d之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	160
附圖 59化合物3.17d之13C-NMR (75.4 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	160
附圖 60化合物3.17d之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	161
附圖 61化合物3.17e之1H-NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	161
附圖 62化合物3.17e之13C-NMR (75.4 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	162
附圖 63化合物3.17e之11B-NMR (192.5 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	162
附圖 64化合物3.17e之HMQC - 2D NMR	163
附圖 65化合物3.17e之HMBC - 2D NMR	164
附圖 66化合物3.19a之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	165
附圖 67化合物3.19a之13C-NMR (150.9 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	165
附圖 68化合物3.19b之1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	166
附圖 69化合物3.19b之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	166
附圖 70化合物3.19c之1H-NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	167
附圖 71化合物3.19c之13C-NMR (150.9 MHz, CD3OD-d4)	167
附圖 72化合物3.19d之1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	168
附圖 73化合物3.19d之13C-NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3-d3)	168

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