§ 瀏覽學位論文書目資料
  
系統識別號 U0002-0906201600080300
DOI 10.6846/TKU.2016.00260
論文名稱(中文) 價格尾數對知覺品質和購買意願的影響-以TOMS休閒鞋為例
論文名稱(英文) The Effect of Price Endings of TOMS Shoes on Perceived Quality and Consumer Buying Intentions
第三語言論文名稱
校院名稱 淡江大學
系所名稱(中文) 國際企業學系碩士班
系所名稱(英文) Master's Program, Department Of International Business
外國學位學校名稱
外國學位學院名稱
外國學位研究所名稱
學年度 104
學期 2
出版年 105
研究生(中文) 鄭雨萱
研究生(英文) Priscillia Yee Shuan Tey
學號 603550830
學位類別 碩士
語言別 英文
第二語言別
口試日期 2016-05-30
論文頁數 84頁
口試委員 指導教授 - 曾忠蕙
委員 - 劉怡媛
委員 - 黃增隆
關鍵字(中) TOMS
價格尾數
口碑
慈善標語
知覺品質
購買意願
關鍵字(英) TOMS
Price Endings
Words-Of-Mouth
Charitable Slogan
Perceived Quality
Consumer Buying Intention
第三語言關鍵字
學科別分類
中文摘要
TOMS於2006年間成立,創辦人Blake Mycoskie成立這家公司的主要目的是為了通過One for One的長期慈善計劃幫助有需要的人。雖然TOMS早在2006年成立,但是仍有大部分的人不知道TOMS是一個慈善品牌。另外,在這個先進時代的消費者並不如往常那麼重視價格的尾數了,因此這個研究的主要目的是為了要了解價格尾數,口碑和慈善標語是否會影響台灣年輕族群的產品知覺品質和購買意願。
本研究通過網路問卷形式,共收取了235份有效問卷。研究結果顯示當今的年輕族群不重視價格尾數,導致價格尾數對知覺品質和購買意願沒有顯著的影響。另外,本研究也證明了現在的消費者,比起各企業想要通過商品傳達的資訊,他們較易於相信和依賴口碑。最後,本研究也發現了現在的消費者對於有慈善標語的產品有著較高的購買意願。
英文摘要
TOMS is a company that was founded in the year of 2006. The founder, Blake Mycoskie, started this company was to help the people in need to have a better tomorrow by holding a long term charitable program, One for One. However, during this research it is proven that there are still a lot of people are not aware about TOMS having this program. And, due to this modern and highly educated era, consumers nowadays judge prices differently from before. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the factors that affect perceived quality and buying intention of TOMS shoes among Taiwanese young adults. These factors include prices with 9 or 0 endings, words-of-mouth, and charitable slogans.
The information and data of this study was collected through internet. Total 235 copies of effective questionnaires were retrieved. The results of this research first found that young consumers nowadays do not have much concern on price endings, neither from the phase of perceived quality nor buying intentions. Then, it is proven that people are brands as the consumers trust words-of-mouth in any form more than what the firms trying to convey. Lastly, it is also proven that products with charitable slogans do affect the one’s buying intention, in order to feel relief.
第三語言摘要
論文目次
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………..	i
List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………....	iv
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………...	vi
List of Equation ……………………………………………………………………	vi
Chapter 1: Introduction ………………………………………………………….	1
1.1 Research Background ………………………………………………………	1
1.2 Research Purpose …………………………………………………………...	2
1.3 Structure of Study …………………………………………………………..	4
Chapter 2: Literature Review ……………………………………………………	5
2.1 Fashionable Product – TOMS ………………………………………………	5
2.1.1 Background ……………………………………………………………...	5
2.1.2 Product Line ……………………………………………………………..	7
2.2 Charitable Products …………………………………………………………	9
2.3 Price Endings ……………………………………………………………….	12
2.3.1 Introduction of Price Endings …………………………………………...	12
2.3.2 Level Effects of Price Endings ………………………………………….	13
2.3.3 Image Effects of Price Endings …………………………………………	14
2.4 Words-Of-Mouth ……………………………………………………………	16
2.5 Perceived Quality …………………………………………………………...	20
2.6 Consumer Buying Intention ………………………………………………..	23
Chapter 3: Methodology ………………………………………………………….	26
3.1 Framework ………………………………………………………………….	26
3.2 Hypothesis Development …………………………………………………...	28
3.2.1 Price Endings and Perceived Quality …………………………………...	28
3.2.2 Price Endings and Consumer Buying Intention …………………………	28
3.2.3 Words-Of-Mouth and Perceived Quality ………………………………..	29
3.2.4 Words-Of-Mouth and Consumer Buying Intention ……………………..	29
3.2.5 Charitable Slogan and Consumer Buying Intention …………………….	30
3.3 Definition and Measurement of Variables ………………………………….	32
3.3.1 Price Endings ……………………………………………………………	32
3.3.2 Charitable Slogan ………………………………………………………..	32
3.3.3 Words-Of-Mouth ………………………………………………………..	33
3.3.4 Perceived Quality ………………………………………………………..	35
3.3.5 Consumer Buying Intention …………………………………………...	36
3.4 Research Sample and Method ………………………………………………	37
3.4.1 Research Sample ………………………………………………………...	37
3.4.2 Questionnaire Design ……………………………………………………	37
3.4.3 Statistical Analysis Method ……………………………………………..	38
Chapter 4: Results of The Research ……………………………………………..	39
4.1 Sampling Analysis …………………………………………………………..	39
4.1.1 Collection of The Questionnaires ……………………………………….	39
4.1.2 Demographic Characteristics of the Sample …………………………….	41
4.2 Descriptive Analysis ………………………………………………………..	48
4.3 Reliability Analysis …………………………………………………………	49
4.4 ANOVA Analysis …………………………………………………………..	50
4.4.1 Price Endings Vs. Perceived Quality ……………………………………	50
4.4.2 Price Endings Vs. Buying Intentions ……………………………………	52
4.4.3 Word of Mouth Vs. Perceived Quality ………………………………….	54
4.4.4 Word of Mouth Vs. Buying Intentions ………………………………….	56
4.4.5 Charitable Slogan Vs. Perceived Quality ………………………...……...	58
4.4.6 Charitable Slogan Vs. Buying Intention ………………………………...	60
4.5 Validation of Hypotheses …………………………………………………...	62
Chapter 5: General Discussions and Implications ……………………………...	63
5.1 Discussions and Conclusions ……………………………………………….	63
5.2 Managerial Implications ……………………………………………………	65
5.3 Research Limitations ………………………………………………………..	67
5.4 Future Research and Suggestions …………………………………………...	68
References …………………………………………………………………………	69
Appendices ………………………………………………………………………...	78
Advertisement 1: NT1999 without slogan ……………………………………...	78
Advertisement 2: NT1999 with slogan …………………………………………	79
Advertisement 3: NT2000 without slogan ……………………………………...	80
Advertisement 4: NT2000 with slogan …………………………………………	81
Questionnaire ……………………………………………………………………	82
 
List of Tables
Table 2-1: Summary of Product Line ………………………………………………	8
Table 3-1: Summary of Hypotheses ………………………………………………..	31
Table 3-2: Measurement of Words-Of-Mouth (WOM) ……………………………	34
Table 3-3: Measurement of Perceived Quality …………………………………….	35
Table 3-4: Measurement of Consumer Buying Intention ………………………...	36
Table 3-5: Summary of Factorial Experimental Design …………………………...	38
Table 4-1: Summary of Response ………………………………………………….	40
Table 4-2: Gender Distribution of Respondents …………………………………...	41
Table 4-3: Age Distribution of Respondents ………………………………………	42
Table 4-4: Education Level Distribution of Respondents …………………………	43
Table 4-5: Monthly Income Level Distribution of Respondents …………………..	44
Table 4-6: TOMS Shoes Knowledge Distribution of Respondents ………………..	46
Table 4-7: Purchase Experience Distribution of the Respondents …………………	47
Table 4-8: Descriptive Statistics …………………………………………………...	48
Table 4-9: Reliability Test …………………………………………………………	49
Table 4-10: Mean of Price Endings On Perceived Quality ………………………...	50
Table 4-11: ANOVA Test Between Price Endings – Perceived Quality …………..	51
Table 4-12: Mean of Price Endings On Buying Intentions ……………………...	52
Table 4-13: ANOVA Test Between Price Endings – Buying Intentions ………..	53
Table 4-14: Mean of WOM On Perceived Quality ………………………………...	54
Table 4-15: ANOVA Test Between WOM – Perceived Quality …………………..	55
Table 4-16: Mean of WOM On Buying Intentions ………………………………...	56
Table 4-17: ANOVA Test Between WOM – Buying Intentions …………………..	57
Table 4-18: Mean of Charitable Slogan On Perceived Quality ……………….…...	58
Table 4-19: ANOVA Test Between Charitable Slogan – Perceived Quality ……...	59
Table 4-20: Mean of Charitable Slogan On Buying Intentions ……………….…...	60
Table 4-21: ANOVA Test Between Charitable Slogan – Buying Intentions ……...	61
Table 4-22: Summary Results of Hypotheses ……………………………………...	62
 
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Procedures of The Research …………………………………………...	4
Figure 2-1: Price Endings …………………………………………………………..	12
Figure 2-2: Words-Of-Mouth ………………………………………………………	17
Figure 2-3: Words-Of-Mouth ………………………………………………………	19
Figure 2-4: Pricing …………………………………………………………………	21
Figure 3-1: Research Framework …………………………………………………..	27


List of Equation
Equation 2-1: Perceived Value ……………………………………………………..	20
參考文獻
1.	Adams, W. J. and J. L. Yellen (1976). "Commodity bundling and the burden of monopoly." The quarterly journal of economics: 475-498.
	
2.	Ajzen, I. and M. Fishbein (1977). "Attitude-Behavior Relations: A Theoretical Analysis and Review of Empirical Research." Psychological Bulletin 84(5): 8-918.
	
3.	Ajzen, I. and M. Fishbein (1980). "Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour."
	
4.	Amblee, N. and T. Bui (2008). "Can brand reputation improve the odds of being reviewed on-line?" International Journal of Electronic Commerce 12(3): 11-28.
	
5.	Andreoni, J. (1990). "Impure altruism and donations to public goods: A theory of warm-glow giving." The economic journal 100(401): 464-477.
	
6.	Antonides, G. and W. F. van Raaij (1999). Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective, Wiley.
	
7.	Arndt, J. (1967). "Role of Product-Related Conversations in the Diffusion of a New Product." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 4(3).
	
8.	Babin, B. J., et al. (1994). "Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value." Journal of Consumer Research: 644-656.
	
9.	Bagwell, K. and M. H. Riordan (1991). "High and Declining Prices Signal Product Quality." The American Economic Review 81(1): 224-239.
	
10.	Baker, R. J. (2006). Pricing on Purpose: Creating and Capturing Value, John Wiley & Sons.
	
11.	Barnard, M. (2002). Fashion as communication, Psychology Press.
	
12.	Baumann, D. J., et al. (1981). "Altruism as hedonism: Helping and self-gratification as equivalent responses." Journal of personality and social psychology 40(6): 1039.
	
13.	Berger, J. and K. L. Milkman (2012). "What makes online content viral?" Journal of Marketing Research 49(2): 192-205.
	
14.	Berger, J. and E. M. Schwartz (2011). "What drives immediate and ongoing word of mouth?" Journal of Marketing Research 48(5): 869-880.
	
15.	Blackwell, R. D., et al. (2001). "Consumer Behavior 9th." South-Western Thomas Learning. Mason, OH.
	
16.	Blattberg, R. C. and K. J. Wisniewski (1987). How retail price promotions work: empirical results, University of Chicago Center for Research in Marketing.
	
17.	Bliss, P. (1952). "Price Determination at the Department-Store Level." The Journal of Marketing: 37-46.
	
18.	Brenner, G. A. and R. Brenner (1982). "Memory and markets, or why are you paying $2.99 for a widget?" Journal of Business: 147-158.
	
19.	Britton, M. (2015). YouthNation: Building Remarkable Brands in a Youth-Driven Culture, Wiley.
	
20.	Brown, J. J. and P. H. Reingen (1987). "Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior." Journal of Consumer Research: 350-362.
	
21.	Cialdini, R. B., et al. (1973). "Transgression and altruism: A case for hedonism." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 9(6): 502-516.
	
22.	Cote, J. A., et al. (1985). "Effects of unexpected situations on behavior-intention differences: A garbology analysis." Journal of Consumer Research: 188-194.
	
23.	Coulter, K. S. (2001). "Odd-ending price underestimation: an experimental examination of left-to-right processing effects." Journal of Product & Brand Management 10(5): 276-292.
	
24.	Dodds, W. B., et al. (1991). "Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers' product evaluations." Journal of Marketing Research: 307-319.
	
25.	Engel, J. F., et al. (1969). "How information is used to adopt an innovation." Journal of Advertising Research 9(4): 3-8.
	
26.	Eroglu, S. and G. D. Harrell (1986). "Retail crowding: Theoretical and strategic implications." Journal of Retailing.
	
27.	Estelami, H. (1999). "The computational effect of price endings in multi-dimensional price advertising." Journal of Product & Brand Management 8(3): 244-256.
	
28.	Estelami, H., et al. (2006). "Price endings: magic and math." Journal of Product & Brand Management 15(6): 377-385.
	
29.	Feldman, S. P. and M. C. Spencer (1965). The Effect of Personal Influence on the Selection of Consumer Services, Center for regional studies.
	
30.	Fishbein, M. and I. Ajzen (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research, Reading MA: Addison Wesley.
	
31.	Forbes, G. B. and R. K. Tevault (1975). "The facilitation of anonymous helpfulness by a fortuitous pleasant event." The Journal of Social Psychology 97(2): 299-300.
	
32.	Forest, D., et al. (1979). "Helping as a function of feeling state and nature of the helping behavior." Motivation and Emotion 3(2): 161-169.
	
33.	Fornell, C. and B. Wernerfelt (1987). "Defensive marketing strategy by customer complaint management: a theoretical analysis." Journal of Marketing Research: 337-346.
	
34.	Freedman, J. L., et al. (1967). "Compliance without pressure: The effect of guilt." Journal of personality and social psychology 7(2p1): 117.
	
35.	Gaeth, G. J., et al. (1990). "Consumer evaluation of multi-product bundles: An information integration analysis." Marketing Letters 2(1): 47-57.
	
36.	Ginzberg, E. (1936). "Customary prices." The American Economic Review: 296-296.
	
37.	Godes, D. and D. Mayzlin (2004). "Using online conversations to study word-of-mouth communication." Marketing science 23(4): 545-560.
	
38.	Goodman, J. (2001). "Using complaints for quality assurance decisions." International Journal of Customer Relationship Management 4: 59-72.
	
39.	Granbois, D. H. and J. O. Summers (1975). "Primary and secondary validity of consumer purchase probabilities." Journal of Consumer Research: 31-38.
	
40.	Han, Y. J., et al. (2010). "Signaling Status with Luxury Goods: The Role of Brand Prominence." Journal of marketing 74(4).
	
41.	Heath, C., et al. (2001). "Emotional selection in memes: the case of urban legends." Journal of personality and social psychology 81(6): 1028.
	
42.	Hermann, S. (1989). Price management, North Holland.
	
43.	Herr, P. M., et al. (1991). "Effects of Word-of-Mouth and Product-Attribute Information on Persuasion: An Accessibility-Diagnosticity Perspective." Journal of Consumer Research 17(4): 454-462.
	
44.	Hirschman, E. C. and M. B. Holbrook (1982). "Hedonic consumption: emerging concepts, methods and propositions." The Journal of Marketing: 92-101.
	
45.	Holbrook, M. B. and E. C. Hirschman (1982). "The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun." Journal of Consumer Research: 132-140.
	
46.	Holloway, R. J. (1973). ODD-EVEN PRICE ENDINGS-GEORGOFF, DM, JAI PRESS INC 55 OLD POST RD-# 2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678.
	
47.	Hower, R. M. (1943). "History of Macy's of New York, 1858-1919."
	
48.	Isen, A. M. (1970). "Success, failure, attention, and reaction to others: The warm glow of success." Journal of personality and social psychology 15(4): 294.
	
49.	Kahneman, D. and J. L. Knetsch (1992). "Valuing public goods: the purchase of moral satisfaction." Journal of environmental economics and management 22(1): 57-70.
	
50.	Katz, E. and P. F. Lazarsfeld (1955). Personal Influence, The part played by people in the flow of mass communications, Transaction Publishers.
	
51.	Kinard, B. R., et al. (2013). "Odd pricing effects: an examination using adaptation-level theory." Journal of Product & Brand Management 22(1): 87-94.
	
52.	Klein, L. R. (1998). "Evaluating the potential of interactive media through a new lens: Search versus experience goods." Journal of Business Research 41(3): 195-203.
	
53.	Kotler, P. (1997). Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control, Prentice Hall.
	
54.	Kreul, L. M. (1982). "Magic numbers: psychological aspects of menu pricing." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 23(2): 70-75.
	
55.	Landsburg, S. (1993). "Truth or consequences." The Armchair Economist: 20-30.
	
56.	Lascu, D.-N. (1991). "Consumer Guilt: Examining the Potential of a New Marketing Construct." Advances in Consumer Research 18(1).
	
57.	Linville, P. W. and G. W. Fischer (1991). "Preferences for separating or combining events." Journal of personality and social psychology 60(1): 5.
	
58.	LLC, T. S. (2016). "Beyond One for One." Retrieved 15/3/2016, from http://www.toms.com/beyond-one-for-one.
	
59.	LLC, T. S. (2016). "Blake Mycoskie's Bio." Retrieved 15/3/2016, from http://www.toms.com/blakes-bio.
	
60.	LLC, T. S. (2016). "CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY AT TOMS®." Retrieved 15/3/2016, from http://www.toms.com/about-toms#corporateResponsibility.
	
61.	LLC, T. S. (2016). "Improving Lives." Retrieved 15/3/2016, from http://www.toms.com/improving-lives.
	
62.	LLC, T. S. (2016). "Product Development." Retrieved 15/3/2016, from http://www.toms.com/product-development.
	
63.	LLC, T. S. (2016). "Thoughtful Partnerships." Retrieved 15/3/2016, from http://www.toms.com/thoughtful-partners#.
	
64.	LLC, T. S. (2016). "TOMS® COMPANY OVERVIEW." Retrieved 15/3/2016, from http://www.toms.com/about-toms#companyInfo.
	
65.	Lovett, M. J., et al. (2013). "On brands and word of mouth." Journal of Marketing Research 50(4): 427-444.
	
66.	Lutz, R. J. (1975). "Changing brand attitudes through modification of cognitive structure." Journal of Consumer Research: 49-59.
	
67.	Manucia, G. K., et al. (1984). "Mood influences on helping: Direct effects or side effects?" Journal of personality and social psychology 46(2): 357.
	
68.	March, J. G. and H. A. Simon (1958). "Organizations."
	
69.	McCarthy, M. J. (1991). Forget the Ads: Cola Is Cola, Magazine Finds. Wall Street Journal. New York, N.Y.: PAGE B1.
	
70.	Miniard, P. W., et al. (1983). "A further assessment of measurement influences on the intention-behavior relationship." Journal of Marketing Research: 206-212.
	
71.	Misner, I. R. (1999). The World‟ s Best Known Marketing Secret: Building Your Business with Word-of-Mouth Marketing, 1999, Bard Press.
	
72.	Money, R. B., et al. (1998). "Explorations of national culture and word-of-mouth referral behavior in the purchase of industrial services in the United States and Japan." The Journal of Marketing: 76-87.
	
73.	Monroe, K. (1990). "Pricing: making profitable decisions." McGraw-Hill series in marketing Show all parts in this series.
	
74.	Moschis, G. P. and G. A. Churchill (1978). "Consumer Socialization: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis." Journal of Marketing Research 15(4): 599-609.
	
75.	Mowen, J. C. (1993). Consumer behavior. New York; Toronto, Macmillan Publishing Company ; Maxwell Macmillan.
	
76.	Oliver, R. L. (1999). "Whence consumer loyalty?" The Journal of Marketing: 33-44.
	
77.	Oxenfeldt, A. R. (1975). Pricing strategies, Amacom New York.
	
78.	PLC, T. B. S. I. (2016). "The Body Shop Foundation." Retrieved 18/3/2016, from http://thebodyshopfoundation.org/.
	
79.	Poltrock, S. E. and D. R. Schwartz (1984). "Comparative judgments of multidigit numbers." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 10(1): 32.
	
80.	Porter, M. E. (1974). "Consumer behavior, retailer power and market performance in consumer goods industries." The Review of Economics and Statistics: 419-436.
	
81.	Quigley Jr, C. J. and E. M. Notarantonio (1992). An exploratory investigation of perceptions of odd and even pricing. Proceedings of the 1992 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, Springer.
	
82.	Rao, A. R. and K. B. Monroe (1989). "The effect of price, brand name, and store name on buyers' perceptions of product quality: An integrative review." Journal of Marketing Research: 351-357.
	
83.	Reingen, P. H. and J. B. Kernan (1986). "Analysis of referral networks in marketing: Methods and illustration." Journal of Marketing Research: 370-378.
	
84.	Richins, M. L. (1983). "Negative word-of-mouth by dissatisfied consumers: A pilot study." The Journal of Marketing: 68-78.
	
85.	Rubin, R. B. (1988). "Conceptualization and measurement of interpersonal communication motives." Human Communication Research 14(4): 602-628.
	
86.	Ryan, M. J. and E. H. Bonfield (1975). "The Fishbein extended model and consumer behavior." Journal of Consumer Research: 118-136.
	
87.	Schiffman, L. G. and L. L. Kanuk (2004). Consumer Behavior, Pearson Prentice Hall.
	
88.	Schindler, R. M. (1984). "Consumer recognition of increases in odd and even prices." Advances in Consumer Research 11(1): 459-462.
	
89.	Schindler, R. M. (1991). "Symbolic meanings of a price ending." Advances in Consumer Research 18(1): 794-801.
	
90.	Schindler, R. M. and T. M. Kibarian (1996). "Increased consumer sales response though use of 99-ending prices." Journal of Retailing 72(2): 187-199.
	
91.	Schindler, R. M. and T. M. Kibarian (2001). "Image communicated by the use of 99 endings in advertised prices." Journal of Advertising 30(4): 95-99.
	
92.	Schindler, R. M. and P. N. Kirby (1997). "Patterns of rightmost digits used in advertised prices: implications for nine-ending effects." Journal of Consumer Research 24(2): 192-201.
	
93.	Schindler, R. M. and L. S. Warren (1988). "Effect of odd pricing on choice of items from a menu." Advances in Consumer Research 15(1): 348-353.
	
94.	Schindler, R. M. and A. R. Wiman (1989). "Effects of odd pricing on price recall." Journal of Business Research 19(3): 165-177.
	
95.	Schoenbachler, D. D., et al. (2004). "Building brand loyalty through individual stock ownership." Journal of Product & Brand Management 13(7): 488-497.
	
96.	Severin, V., et al. (2001). "The stability of retail shopping choices over time and across countries." Journal of Retailing 77(2): 185-202.
	
97.	Sheth, J. N. (2011). Models of buyer behavior: conceptual, quantitative, and empirical, Marketing Classics Press.
	
98.	Shlomo, M. (1994). "Executive Economics, Ten Essential Tools for Managers." New York: Free.
	
99.	Shoham, A., et al. (2006). "Animosity on the home front: The Intifada in Israel and its impact on consumer behavior." Journal of International Marketing 14(3): 92-114.
	
100.	Solomon, M. R. and N. J. Rabolt (2004). Consumer Behavior: In Fashion, Prentice Hall.
	
101.	Spaulding, A., et al. (2011). "TOMS: One for One Movement."
	
102.	Steven Podoshen, J. (2006). "Word of mouth, brand loyalty, acculturation and the American Jewish consumer." Journal of Consumer Marketing 23(5): 266-282.
	
103.	Steven Podoshen, J. (2008). "The African American consumer revisited: brand loyalty, word-of-mouth and the effects of the black experience." Journal of Consumer Marketing 25(4): 211-222.
	
104.	Stigler, G. J. (1983). "The organization of industry." University of Chicago Press Economics Books.
	
105.	Stiving, M. (2000). "Price-endings when prices signal quality." Management Science 46(12): 1617.
	
106.	Stiving, M. and R. S. Winer (1997). "An empirical analysis of price endings with scanner data." Journal of Consumer Research 24(1): 57-67.
	
107.	Strahilevitz, M. A. and J. Myers (1998). "Donations to charity as purchase incentives: How well they work may depend on what you are trying to sell." Journal of Consumer Research 24(4): 434.
	
108.	Sun, Y.-H. C. (1995). The effect of price, brand name, and level of advertising on perceived service quality, perceived service value, and purchase intention of the lodging industry.
	
109.	Teas, R. K. and S. Agarwal (2000). "The effects of extrinsic product cues on consumers’ perceptions of quality, sacrifice, and value." Journal of the Academy of marketing Science 28(2): 278-290.
	
110.	Veblen, T. (1994 [1899]). The theory of the leisure class, New York, NY: Penguin.
	
111.	Wojnicki, A. C. and D. Godes (2011). Signaling Success: Strategically Positive Word of Mouth. University of Maryland, College Park Working paper.
	
112.	Wright, P. (1974). "The harassed decision maker: Time pressures, distractions, and the use of evidence." Journal of applied psychology 59(5): 555.
	
113.	Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). "Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence." The Journal of Marketing: 2-22.
論文全文使用權限
校內
校內紙本論文立即公開
同意電子論文全文授權校園內公開
校內電子論文立即公開
校外
同意授權
校外電子論文立即公開

如有問題,歡迎洽詢!
圖書館數位資訊組 (02)2621-5656 轉 2487 或 來信