本研究是以中空纖維膜來分離水解稻稈懸浮液中的糖類。進而探討不同操作條件與流體力學方式對於分離水解液中糖類的影響。本研究使用材質為聚碸(Polysulfone)，孔徑為10 kD之中空纖維膜來進行透析過濾。由單純的葡萄糖水溶液的過濾結果來看，可看出葡萄糖過濾時主要的阻力為薄膜阻力，而在高壓情況下葡萄糖穿透率率會有些下降。從水解液的透析過濾實驗與葡萄糖水溶液透析過濾比較，可以發現加入酵素後，濾速下降約85-90 %，其中過濾阻力主要為酵素在膜孔內阻塞與濾餅生成。此外，操作壓力越大葡萄糖的產率也會越高，但當操作壓力大於80 kPa後，壓力對濾液端葡萄糖產率就無明顯影響。但是水解液透析過濾之葡萄糖產率則與壓力呈現正比關係。固定操作壓力為60 kPa改變掃流速度時，當掃流速度增加5倍，其濾速可以增加3倍。接著將實驗獲得各項阻力的經驗式代入阻力串聯模式中，尋找出不同操作條件下的濾速。最後使用兩種流體力學方式增加濾速，其中間接式進料法約可以增加24.7 %之濾速；逐步增壓法則可以增加34.6 %之濾速。

The separations of sugars from hydrolysis suspension using hollow fiber and flat plate membranes are studied. The effects of operating conditions and hydrodynamic methods on the sugar separation performance are discussed. The hollow fibers used in the experiments are made of polysulfone, and their mean pore size is 10 kD. In the filtration of pure glucose, the main resistance source is the membrane because of trivial membrane fouling, and the sugar transmission decreases slightly under high pressures. When enzyme exists in the suspension, the filtration rate decreases about 85 - 90% compared to those in the filtration of pure glucose. The major resistances are due to the enzyme blocking in the membrane pores and the cake formation on the membrane surface. Increasing the transmembrane pressure results in higher glucose yield. However, this effect becomes trivial when the pressure exceeds 80 kPa. An increase in cross-flow velocity under fixed transmembrane pressure leads to higher filtration rate. The filtration rate increases three times when cross-flow velocity increases from 0.3 to 1.5 m/s. Some empirical equations are established to correlate the filtration resistances with operating conditions. The filtration rate can be estimated accurately by substituting the calculated resistances into modified Darcys’ law. In addition, several hydrodynamic methods are tested to increase the filtration rate. A pulse feeding way may increase the filtration rate by 24.7%, while the way of step-increasing pressure can increase the filtration rate as high as 34.6%.

摘要      I
英文摘要	II
目錄	III
圖目錄	VI
第一章　緒論	1
1-1前言	1
1-2研究目的	3
第二章　文獻回顧	4
2-1酵素水解	4
2-2 薄膜過濾操作方式	6
2-3 掃流速度與透膜壓差對掃流過濾的影響	7
2-4 薄膜結構對掃流過濾的影響	9
2-5 酵素水解液之膜分離	11
2-6 透析過濾	14
第三章　理論	15
3-1 阻力串聯模式	15
3-2 穿透率	17
3-3 產率(Yield)	18
3-4 濃度極化模式	19
3-5 巨分子(酵素分子)之阻擋機構	21
3-6 粒子堆積於膜面上之受力分析	23
第四章　實驗裝置與步驟	26
4-1 掃流過濾裝置	26
4-2 實驗物料	28
4-2-1 實驗藥品	28
4-2-2 實驗濾膜	30
4-3 實驗設備與分析儀器	31
4-4 實驗步驟	32
4-4-1 稻稈前處理	32
4-4-2 稻稈水解反應	32
4-4-3 過濾前處理	32
4-4-4 中空纖維膜管之透析過濾	32
4-4-5 平板膜組之透析過濾	34
4-4-6 DNS法	36
4-4-7 DNS配置方法	36
4-4-8 糖類濃度之測量	36
4-4-9 水解酵素濃度之測量方法	38
第五章　結果與討論	39
5-1 葡萄糖單成分之透析過濾	39
5-2 水解液之透析過濾	45
5-2-1 平板模組之透析過濾	45
5-2-2 中空纖維膜之透析過濾	51
5-3 以流體力學的方式提升過濾效率	71
5-3-1 間接式進料法	71
5-3-2 逐步增壓法	73
第六章　結論	80
符號說明	82
參考文獻	85
附錄	88

 
表目錄
Table 4-1 The operating conditions used in cross-flow system.  35
Table 5-1 Comparison of properties under different hydrodynamic methods and conditions. 	79
圖目錄
Fig.3-1 A schematic diagram around the cake membrane surface in a cross-flow filtration. 	22
Fig. 4-1 A schematic diagram of cross flow filtration system. 	27
Fig.4-2 The absorbance vs. concentration of glucose. 	37
Fig.4-3 The absorbance vs. concentration of enzyme. 	38
Fig.5-1 Time courses of filtrate flux under various operating pressures. 	40
Fig.5-2 Filtration resistances in cross-flow diafiltration of glucose under various operating pressures. 	41
Fig.5-3 Time courses of glucose yield under different pressures. 	43
Fig.5-4 Effect of filtration pressures on the transmission of glucose suspension. 	44
Fig.5-5 Cross-flow velocities courses of pseudo steady state filtration rates in cross-flow diafiltration. 	46
Fig.5-6 Effect of shear stress on the weight of enzyme. 	48
Fig.5-7 Effect of filtrate flux on the weight of enzyme. 	49
Fig.5-8 Effect of Ft/Fn on the weight of enzyme. 	50
Fig.5-9 The relationships between αav and P of enzyme. 	51
Fig.5-10 Time courses of filtrate flux under various operating pressures. 	53
Fig.5-11 Filtration resistances in cross-flow diafiltration of hydrolysis suspension under difference pressures. 	54
Fig.5-12 Time courses of glucose yield under different pressures. 	56
Fig.5-13 Time courses of filtrate flux under various cross-flow rate. 	58
Fig.5-14 Filtration resistances in cross-flow diafiltration of hydrolysis suspension under different cross-flow rate. 	59
Fig.5-15 Time courses of glucose yield under different cross-flow rate. 	60
Fig.5-16 Effect of cross-flow rate on the rejection of enzyme. 	61
Fig.5-17 Effect of filtration pressure on the rejection of enzyme. 	62
Fig.5-18 Cross-flow velocities courses of pseudo steady state filtration rates in cross-flow diafiltration. 	63
Fig.5-19 Filtration pressure courses of pseudo steady state filtration rates in cross-flow diafiltration under various cross-flow velocities. 	64
Fig.5-20 Cross-flow velocities courses of pseudo steady state yield in cross-flow diafiltration under various pressure. 	65
Fig.5-21 Filtration pressure courses of pseudo steady state yield in cross-flow diafiltration under various cross-flow velocities. 	66
Fig.5-22 A plot of Rif versus ΔP under various cross-flow velocities for polysulfone membrane. 	67
Fig.5-23 Comparisons of cake resistance between calculated results and experimental data. 	68
Fig.5-24 Comparisons of filtration flux between calculated results and experimental data. 	69
Fig.5-25 Pressure and cross-flow velocity course of pseudo steady state filtration rate.	.70
Fig.5-26 Time courses of filtrate flux under normal feeding and pulse feeding. 	72
Fig.5-27 Time courses of filtrate flux under constant pressure and step     increasing pressure. 	74
Fig.5-28 Filtration resistances in cross-flow diafiltration of hydrolysis suspension under different operating condition. 	75
Fig.5-29 Time courses of filtrate flux of step increasing pressure under different pressures. 	76
Fig.5-30 Filtration resistances of step increasing pressure under different pressures. 	78

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