歐盟的共同海運政策發展分為三個時期，未發展階段、起步階段、共同海運發展階段。1958年歐洲經濟共同體成立時，並未將海運正式納入共同交通政策，直到聯合國定期船運費同盟管理規則公約（United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Code of Conduct for Liner Shipping）訂定後，歐盟通過1979年第754號規章後，歐盟對外一致發表聲明也象徵向共同海運政策邁進。直至1980年代為完成內部市場計劃，希望內部團結一致，歐盟擬定海運發展時間表，分別訂定了1986包裹法案（1986 Package）、分階段開放沿海航行權與內陸運輸等。歐盟共同海運政策未來的發展策略主要朝提昇海運品質與競爭優勢這兩目標邁進。

    海運業有其特殊性質，無法只由單一國家管轄，尚須接受國際層面的規範，目前最重要的國際規範為世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization, WTO）中的服務貿易總協定（General Agreement on Trade in Service, GATS）。因海運行業特殊的性質，所以將海運納入服務貿易總協定，藉由GATS體制的規範，達成貿易自由化與減少貿易壁壘。WTO為了使海運服務業能更自由化，於1994年由海運服務業談判小組（Negotiating Group on Maritime Transport Service, 簡稱NGMTS）召開協商會議，討論海運服務業的新相關議題。單一海運服務已無法滿足現今運輸業的需求，複合運輸為近年來海運協商的新議題與談判重點。雖然談判的進程緩慢，但未來談判方式將維持原先的多邊要求與回應，輔以複邊要求的模式進行。

    本論文將探討歐盟共同海運政策的發展演進，佐以WTO服務貿易總協定下的海運服務業規範原則與海運服務業談判小組協商情況及未來可能的談判趨勢。歐盟從中如何兼顧其自身利益及經貿的穩定成長，分析目前歐盟海運市場的發展現況，以及發展海運市場對歐盟所造成的利益與衝擊，以作為我國海運市場提昇競爭力的借鏡。

The development of the EU Common Maritime Policy is divided into three stages: initial stage, growth stage, and Common Maritime Policy. The European Economic Community was established in 1958, maritime transport policy was not incorporated in Common Transport Policy. After the establishment of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Code of Conduct for Liner Shipping, the EU enacted Regulation (EC) No. 754/1979 and promulgated it with one voice. It also symbolized that the EU sea transportation policy was approaching to Common Maritime Policy. In order to achieve internal cohesion, the EU set up a timetable for the maritime development in 1980 to complete internal market plan. The EU established 1986 Package Act, cabotage, inland transport. The future developmental strategy of the EU Common Maritime Policy is to enhance competitive advantages and quality of maritime transport.  

  The jurisdiction of maritime industry is not held by one state but international regulations. The General Agreement on Trade in Service (GATS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the most important regulation for maritime industry. Due to the uniqueness of the maritime industry, maritime transport was incorporated in the GATS to accomplish trade liberalization and reduce trade barriers. In 1994, the Negotiating Group on Maritime Transport Service (NGMTS) was formed by WTO to discuss new issues about maritime transport service and improve liberalization of maritime transport service. A single maritime policy is applicable to current transport industry. Currently, the negotiation of maritime is focus on multimodal transport. Though the negotiation is in slow progress, the NGMTS still works on initial request and offer, and plurilateral requests.  

  This thesis works on the development of the EU Common Maritime Transport Policy by discussing maritime transport service, contents of the negotiation, and the future development. From this study, it analyzes the present condition of the EU’s maritime market, and advantages and disadvantages for EU. The successful experience of the EU’s Maritime Common Policy could be the model of the maritime market in Taiwan.

目錄
圖目錄　iii
表目錄　iv
第一章 緒論　1
第一節 研究動機與目的　1
第二節 研究方法　5
第三節 文獻評論　6
第四節 研究範圍　10
第五節 研究架構　12
第二章 WTO海運服務規範架構　17
第一節 服務貿易總協定　17
一、GATS 制定之原因與GATS 之內容　17
二、GATS下海運服務主要規範原則　22
第二節 WTO成立後海運服務業談判　30
一、海運服務業談判小組成立背景與目的　30
二、海運服務業談判所規範之主要事業類別　32
第三節 海運服務業談判小組談判歷程　34
一、海運服務業談判小組談判過程　34
二、海運服務業談判成敗之分析　41
三、海運服務業談判最新進程　44
第三章 歐盟的共同海運政策　49
第一節 發展背景及其發展歷程	　49
一、歐盟共同海運政策的發展歷程　49
二、歐盟共同海運政策的發展新策略　56
第二節 歐盟共同海運政策重要的法規　58
一、聯合國定期船運費同盟管理規則公約　58
二、1986年包裹立法　62
第三節 歐盟共同海運政策之未來發展策略　66
一、全球化市場的海運政策　66
二、海運品質為競爭優勢之重要關鍵　67
第四章 WTO海運服務規範架構下歐盟海運發展現況　71
第一節 目前歐盟海運市場概況　71
一、歐盟海運市場開放之因素　73
二、歐盟海運市場開放後海運市場概況　75
第二節 歐盟海運市場開放後之複合運輸　80
一、複合運輸的概況　82
二、歐盟複合運輸的連結情況　83
第三節 市場進入與複合運輸的利弊得失　90
一、對歐盟所造成的利益　91
二、對於歐盟產生的衝擊　98
第五章 結論　101
一、歐盟共同海運政策發展背景、歷程與發展新策略　101
二、在WTO海運服務業談判小組現今實行之概況　102
三、歐盟開放海運市場後的利益與衝擊　103
四、歐盟複合運輸施行後對歐盟所造成的影響　105
五、歐盟共同海運政策對台灣的啟示　106
參考文獻	109

圖目錄
圖 一：世界主要港口分佈圖　2
圖 二：研究架構圖　12
圖 三：2007歐盟海運運輸比例　90
圖 四：歐盟前二十大港口分佈圖　95
圖 五：歐盟港口交通量　96
圖 六：歐盟27國港口貨物運輸量　97

表目錄
表 一：海運服務業談判小組之談判會議　34
表 二：1986包裹立法之四項海運規章　63
表 三：歐盟海運運輸成長量　72
表 四：物流運輸的海運貨物量　80
表 五：歐盟27國主要港口數量表　93

中文資料

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