這個研究的目的是要探討非英語系學生在英文寫作中會以什麼方式提供同儕回饋，還有會如何依照他們所得到的回饋改寫他們的作文，在此研究中一共有六十二位公共行政系大一的學生參噢，研究資料包括同儕回饋前之問券調查、開開性問題、學生們的初稿和修改後的文稿、匿名回饋和面對面的訪談內容。
    藉由Ferris(1997)的分類法，在此研究中的學生們之回饋分成六種，在此六種回饋種類中，文法的回饋占了最大的部分，顯示出學生們對於文法的傾向，此外，這種文法傾向的情況也同樣在他們的修改文稿中發現，根據Faigley和Witte(1981)的分類法，此研究顯示雖然大部分學生還是以文法層面的修改居多，但也指出學生們接受接納同儕的回饋並做出修改。
    此研究的發現可以做為學生對於寫作學習的傾向之參考，而寫作的老師也可藉由此研究之發現提供學生們所需的指導及建議。此外，學生們也可藉由同儕回饋的寫作方式了解其他同學的觀點和建立自我學習的能力。

The purpose of this study is to investigate in what ways non-English major college students actually provided feedback to their peers and how they would revise their writing according to the uninstructed feedback. Subjects in this semester-long study were 62 freshmen of Public Administration Department in TamKang University. The data sources adopted in this study contain a before-peer-feedback questionnaire survey, an open question survey, participants’ first and final revised drafts, their anonymous feedbacks and a face-to-face interview with the instructor. Qualitative approach was used to analyze and then categorize participants’ feedbacks and their revisions. 
    By analyzing the participants’ feedback with Ferris’s coding scheme (1997), the six categories of feedback provision was one by one manifested and explained. Among the six categories proposed by Ferris (1997), Grammar or Mechanics Comments (Avg. 45.1%) was the major type of feedback the participants chose to render while commenting their peers’ written works, indicating students’ preference to focus on grammar. In addition, this preference was also showed in participants’ revision of writing. The researcher in the study categorized the revisions made according to Faigley and Witte’s (1981) taxonomy of revisions. While the outcome revealed that participants made more Surface Changes (Avg. 64.5%) than Meaning Changes (35.5%), it was also encouraging evidence that students were willing to do changes when receiving comments from their peers. 
    This study made a conclusion that the types of feedback provided by the participants could be viewed as an indicator revealing students’ tendency toward learning writing, and writing instructors could take this information into consideration to provided need guidance to the students. In addition, students were given a chance to appreciate different perspectives and develop the idea of self-learning and subjectivity which was able to enhance their ability to reflect their own writing.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHINESE ABSTRACT…………………………………………  i
ENGLISH ABSTRACT…………………………………………  ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………….     iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………….. v
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………viii
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………… ix

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION………………………………… 1
Background of the Study…………………………       1
Statement of the Problem…………………………      8 
Purpose of the Study…………………………………... 11 
The Research Question of the Study…………………  12
Significance of the Study……………………………… 13

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW....................  14

Background…………………………………………………  14
Theoretical Framework of Peer Feedback……………  16
    Collaborative Learning…………………………    16
    Empirical Studies on Collaborative Learning… 19
Conceptualization of Peer Feedback……………….   23
    Definition of Peer Feedback……………………… 23
    Benefits of Peer Feedback………………………… 27
    Disadvantages of Peer Feedback………………    31
Previous Empirical Studies of Peer Feedback……… 33
    Review of Studies on Peer Feedback in ESL 
    Context.......................................34
    Review of Studies on Peer Feedback in EFL   
    Context……………….......................    37
    Review of Studies on Peer Feedback in Taiwan 
    Context.....................................  40
Brief Reflections on Literature Review……………  44

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY……………………………..    46

Participants of the Study……………………………… 46
Instruments…………………………………………..     48
    Before-Peer-Feedback Questionnaire Survey…   49
    Interview……………………………………………   50
    Open Question Survey………………………………. 51
Procedures of the Peer Feedback Activity…………  51
    Training on Peer Feedback……………………….  53
    Textbook Instruction………………………………  54
    First Draft…………………………………………… 54
    Peer Feedback Activity………………………………55
    Revision…………………………………………………56
Data Collection…………………………………………… 56
    Questionnaire………………………………………… 57
    Participants’ Written Assignments……………  57
    Participants’ Anonymous Feedback……………… 57
    Interview……………………………………………… 58
Data Analysis……………………………………         58
    Qualitative Analysis…………………………………58
    Quantitative Analysis……………………………… 60
	 
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………  	    60

Types of Peer Feedback Provided in the Peer Feedback Activity………....................................62
    Asking for information………………………………63
    Making a Suggestion or Request……………………69
    Giving Information…………………………………  73
    Grammar/Mechanics Comments…………………………78      
    Positive Comments…………………………………… 81
    No Comments…………………………………………… 85
Types of Revision Made in the Peer Feedback 
Activity..........................................87    
    Surface Changes……………………………………… 87
    Meaning Changes……………………………………… 91
    Ways to Incorporate Feedback into Revised 
    Drafts....................................... 96
Participants’ Attitudes toward Peer Feedback 
Activities....................................... 100
    Participants’ Attitudes toward Peer Feedback before 
    the Peer Feedback Activity....................100
    Participants’ Attitudes toward What to 
    Provide in Peer Feedback Activity............ 104
    Participants’ Attitudes toward Peer Feedback
    after the Peer Feedback Activity…………………108

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION........................................111
Conclusion of the Findings………………………………111
Limitations of the Study…………………………………114
Suggestions for Further Study………………………….115
Pedagogical Implications…………………………………117

REFERENCES……………………………………………………119
APPENDIXES........................................124
APPENDIX A: Before-Peer-Feedback Questionnaire……124
APPENDIX B: Transcription of the Interview…………129
APPENDIX C: Post-Course Questionnaire……………   132

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1: Hansen and Liu’s Guiding Principles for Peer Feedback  26
Table 3-1: Instrument and Time of Implementation   48
Table 4-1: Participants’ Answer to the Third Section of the Questionnaire 101
Table 4-2: Participants’ Answer to the Fourth Section of the Questionnaire 102
Table 4-3: Participants’ Answer to the Fifth Section of the Questionnaire 102

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Participants’ English Scores on GSAT 47
Figure 2: Procedure of Peer Feedback Activity 53

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