本質性研究主要在探討回流移民認為青少年時期移民對他們的生命的影響為何，而成為今天的樣貌。在跨國青年的成長經驗中，他們可能因處在兩個文化而形成矛盾的認同，最終擁有融合的自我認同。回流台灣並遭遇逆文化適應，他們面臨的困境是與家人及社群之間的文化及溝通風格差異。
  研究方法使用敘事研究與生命故事的元素，來訪談及分析兩位回流女性的訪談內容。每位受訪者皆富有獨特的重要生命事件，展現出主宰或人際的傾向。
青少年時期出現的主題為做為獨立個體的努力奮鬥、失落的哀悼(關於祖父母的過世或失去過去的我)、看重他人勝於自己(因權力結構或人際傾向)。在青年期，主題為職涯發展的主宰及身為圈外人受到的歧視。 在回流期，主題包含母女關係的衝突、自我確立、認同與地方歸屬及培養雙文化能力。最後，回流者可能需要諮商協助處理在海外適應的未竟的創傷。心理師需要考量青少年時期移民對跨國青年在認同上的衝擊，而回流者仍持續的尋找及確立他們的認同。另外，心理師可協助回流者培養雙文化能力，增進幸福感。

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the influence of immigration for Taiwanese return migrants who migrated to Canada during their adolescence, to facilitate understanding of how they became who they were today.  Transnational youth might have felt ambivalence in identities between two cultures and likely developed hybrid identities.  Upon return, they encountered reverse adaptation due to differences in culture and communication styles with their family and community.
    Elements from the narrative research and life story were employed to conduct interviews and analyze scripts of two female returnees.  Each participant had her unique trajectory of significant life events, exhibiting intrapersonal or interpersonal orientation.  The themes observed during their adolescence included striving as an independent being, loss of mourning of grandparents or former self, and placing others over self, due to power structure or orientation in communion.  As young adults, the themes demonstrated were agency in life and career development and experience of discrimination towards the out-group.  During return, they experienced themes of conflict in mother-daughter dynamics, self-acknowledgment, identity and place belongingness, and developing bicultural competence.  
Lastly, returnees may require counselling to reconcile unresolved trauma experienced during overseas adaptation.  Counsellors need to consider the impact of immigration during adolescence on the identity of transnational youth who continue to seek and acknowledge their identities as returnees.  In addition, counsellors may assist returnees to develop bicultural competence for better well-being.

Table of Contents
Abstract   i
Table of Contents   v
List of Tables   viii
Table 1 Participant Demographics  41
Acknowledgments   ix
Chapter 1. Introduction	1
Section 1. Context for the Study	1
Section 2. Research Aims and Research Questions	10
Chapter 2. Literature Review	12
Section 1. Context for the 1.5-Generation or Transnational Youth	12
Section 2. Challenges of Transnational Youth	13
Section 3. Biculturalism and Bicultural Competence	24
Section 4. Return Migration	29
Section 5.  A Sense of Belonging	34
Chapter 3. Research Method	38
Section 1. Researcher and Participants	38
Section 2. Research Design	41
Section 3. Procedure	43
Section 4. Research Instrument	43
Section 5. Data Analysis	44
Section 6. Other Ethical Considerations	48
Chapter 4. Results and Discussion	50
Section 1. Virginia’s Story	50
Section 2. Charity’s Story	80
Section 3. My Story	110
Section 4. Discussion	133
Chapter 5. Conclusion	165
Section 1. Conclusion of Themes	165
Section 2. Strengths and Limitations of the Study	167
Section 3. Implications from Study   169
References	178
Appendix A: Initial Contact Letter	192
Appendix B: Letter of Consent	197
Appendix C: Pre-Interview Form and Interview Outline	199

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