本論文針對無線攝像感測網路(Wireless Camera Sensor Network, WSCN)，使用部分辨識，在邊界覆蓋的情況下，提出一分散式演算法，有效降低佈建成本。傳統方法上要達成可辨識的無線攝像感測網路就會使用完全辨識覆蓋，但此方法卻需要使用相當大量的無線攝像感測器，在隨機佈建下的成本更是提高。而一種新的辨識條件，部分辨識被提出，其優點是只需要一定程度的影像資訊即可辨識目標。因此本論文利用部分辨識覆蓋的優點，先分析可合作的攝像感測器，並設計出一分散式演算法。使攝像感測器之間合作，調整攝像感測器的感測方向，並自我組建，將獲取的影像資訊結合，以更少的攝像感測器成本與滿足邊界覆蓋的要求，並達到邊界防衛並同時辨識入侵者的目的。最後本論文使用python模擬演算法的運作情況。通過模擬結果，與相關論文相比，成本有顯著的下降。

This paper proposes a distributed algorithm that use Partial-View Barrier Coverage to reduce the cost of deployment in Wireless Camera Sensor Networks (WCSN) .To achieve an identifiable WCSN, Full-View Coverage will be used in the traditional way. However, this method requires a lot of wireless camera sensors, and the cost is even increased under random deployment. And a new identification condition, Partial-View is proposed. The advantage is that it only require a part of image information to identify the target.  Therefore, this paper takes advantage of Partial-View coverage. First analyze the camera sensor that can cooperative and design a distributed algorithm. Cooperating with the camera sensors, adjusting the sensing orientation of the camera sensor to Self-Organization. Combining the capture image information meeting the requirements of Barrier Coverage    and identify the intruder in boundary defense with less camera sensor cost. Finally, this paper uses python simulation algorithm to operate. Through the simulation results, the cost is significantly reduced compared with the related papers.

目錄
第1章	緒論	1
1.1	前言	1
1.2	研究動機	4
1.3	研究目的	7
1.4	論文架構	7
第2章	相關文獻	8
2.1	邊界覆蓋攝像感測網路	8
2.2	可辨識攝像感測網路	8
2.3	可辨識邊界覆蓋攝像感測網路	10
第3章	預備知識	12
3.1	論文概觀	12
3.2	相關定義	12
3.3	相關假設	15
第4章	分散式部分辨識之邊界覆蓋(Distributed Partial-View Barrier Coverage)	17
4.1	辨識問題	17
4.2部分辨識覆蓋區域的檢測方法	17
4.4	部分辨識邊界覆蓋基本建構方式	20
4.5 部分辨識邊界覆蓋演算法之準備階段	21
4.6 部分辨識邊界覆蓋演算法之感測器模式	22
4.6.1 空閒模式	22
4.6.2 待命模式	23
4.6.3 輔助模式	24
4.6.4 工作模式	24
4.7 邊界起始方式	25
4.8 邊界完成方式	25
4.9 攝像感測器狀態圖	25
第5章	效能分析	26
5.1	模擬場景與參數	26
5.2	實驗結果	27
第6章	結論	31
6.1	貢獻	31
6.2	未來工作	31
參考文獻	32
附錄A	34



圖目錄
圖一、完全覆蓋	3
圖二、目標覆蓋	3
圖三、邊界覆蓋	3
圖四、攝像感測器在不同位置對同ㄧ物體所收集到不同的資訊，左下為s1所取得的影像資料，右下為s2所取得的影像資料	5
圖五、目標物被完全辨識覆蓋	5
圖六、攝像感測器擷取到目標物一部分的影像	6
圖七、當獲得的一定程度的影像資訊時，就能判斷出目標物	6
圖八、Full-View Coverage model	9
圖九、安全區域與不安全區域	10
圖十、化簡後的FVC圖	11
圖十一、攝像感測器相關定義圖	13
圖十二、 覆蓋程度示意圖	14
圖十三、覆蓋程度示意圖	14
圖十四、部分辨識邊界覆蓋	15
圖十五、感測器散佈區域與搜集點位置	16
圖十六、部分辨識覆蓋區域檢測	18
圖十七、較大的部分辨識覆蓋的區域內，存有攝像感測器無法覆蓋到的區域	18
圖十八、當β-ω<90°時，部分辨識覆蓋區域最遠距不可大於感測半徑	19
圖十九、當β-ω" " ≧90°，部分辨識覆蓋區域最遠距需小於等於感測半徑	20
圖二十、部分辨識邊界覆蓋建構方式	21
圖二十一、當前感測器與鄰居感測器位置圖	22
圖二十二、攝像感測器狀態圖	25
圖二十三、與DPA演算法之比較	27
圖二十四、感測半徑之影響	28
圖二十五、可視角之影響	29
圖二十六、辨識角度量之影響	30





表目錄
表一、一般感測器與攝像感測器之比較	4
表二、感測器鄰居關係表	21
表三、參數設定值	26

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[25]	T.-H. Liu, “On Partial-View Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Master's thesis, Tamkang University, 2014.
[26]	X. liu, B. Yang, S. Zhao and Y. Fan, “Achieving full-view barrier coverage with mobile camera sensors,” in Proceedings of the IEEE NaNA 2016.
[27]	 D. Kim, H. Kim, D. Li, S.-S. Kwon, A. O. Tokuta and J. A. Cobb, “Maximum lifetime dependable barrier-coverage in wireless sensor networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 36 pp. 296-307, 2016.
[28]	H. Ma, M. Yang, D. Li, Y. Hong and W. Chen, “Minimum Camera Barrier Coverage in Wireless Camera Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, 2012.
[29]	Y. Gui, F. Wu, X. Gao and G. Chen, “Full-View Barrier Coverage with Rotatable Camera Sensors,” in Proceedings of the IEEE/CIC (ICCC).
[30]	K.-P. Shih, C.-M. Chou, I.-H. Liu and C.-C. Li, “On Barrier Coverage in Wireless Camera Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 24th IEEE AINA 2010, April 2010, pp. 873-879.
[31]	R. Yang, X. Gao, F. Wu and G. Chen, “Distributed Algorithm for Full-View Barrier Coverage with Rotatable Camera Sensors,” in Proceedings of the IEEE GLOBECOM 2015.
[32]	H. Ma, M. Yang, D. Li, Y. Hong, W. Chen, Minimum camera barrier coverage in wireless camera sensor networks, In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, 2012, pp. 217–225.
[33]	H. Luo, H. Du, D. Kim, Q. Ye, R. Zhu and J. Jia, “Imperfection Better Than Perfection: Beyond Optimal Lifetime Barrier Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the MSN 2014.
[34]		L. Guo, D. Kim, D. Li, W. Chen, and A. O. Tokuta, “Constructing Belt-Barrier Providing β-Quality of Monitoring with Minimum Camera Sensors,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN), 2014.
[35]		A. Neishaboori, A. Saeed, K. A. Harras, A. Mohamed, “On Target Coverage in Mobile Visual Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Symposium on Mobility Management and Wireless Access (MobiWac), pp. 39-46, 2014.
[36]		Y. Wu and X. Wang, “Achieving Full View Coverage with Randomly-Deployed Heterogeneous Camera Sensors,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), 2012.
[37]	Y. Hu, X. Wang, and X. Gan, “Critical Sensing Range for Mobile Heterogeneous Camera Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, 2014.
[38]	E. Yildiz, K. Akkaya, E. Sisikoglu, and M. Y. Sir, “Optimal Camera Placement for Providing Angular Coverage in Wireless Video Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 63, no. 7, pp.1812-1825, Jul. 2014.
[39]	V. P. Munishwar, V. Kolar, N. B. Abu-Ghazaleh, “Coverage in Visual Sensor Networks with Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras: The MaxFoV Problem,” in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, 2014.
[40]	P. Zhou, J. Wu, and C. Long, “Probability-Based Optimal Coverage of PTZ Camera Networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2012.
[41]	H. Huang and G. Cao, “Achieving Full-View Coverage in Camera Sensor Networks,” ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, vol. 10, no. 1, Nov. 2013.
[42]	P. Chen, K. Hong, N. Naikal, S. S. Sastry, D. Tygar, P. Yan, A. Y. Yang, L.-C. Chang, L. Lin, S. Wang, E. Lobatón, S. Oh, and P. Ahammad, “A Low-Bandwidth Camera Sensor Platform with Applications in Smart Camera Networks,” ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, vol. 9, no. 2, Mar. 2013
[43]	Y. Wang and G. Cao, “Barrier Coverage in Camera Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc), May 2011.
[44]	H.-H. Yen, “Optimization-Based Visual Sensor Deployment Algorithm in PTZ Wireless Visual Sensor Networks” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), 2015.