吸附法為淨水程序中去除重金屬常見方法之一，本研究以吸附去除水中銻，吸附操作參數為吸附劑種類(粒狀活性碳、粒狀氫氧化鐵、錳砂)、接觸時間、吸附劑加藥量、初始濃度、pH、銻價數(Sb(Ⅲ)與Sb(Ⅴ))及共同離子(硝酸鹽、硫酸鹽、磷酸鹽)，進行等溫吸附實驗與動力吸附實驗，結果分別以Freundlich與Langmuir等溫吸附公式與Lagergern速率公式分析，探討吸附去除水中銻之效率。
    研究結果指出吸附劑去除Sb之效果依序為粒狀氫氧化鐵＞錳砂＞粉末活性碳，GFH吸附Sb之吸附量分別為PAC與錳砂的12倍與5倍，吸附Sb(V)之吸附量分別為PAC與錳砂的20倍與14倍。GFH吸附Sb之最適pH範圍為3~8，GFH對Sb(III)吸附量為Sb(V)吸附量之2.8倍。在相同濃度GFH下，Sb初始濃度越高則Sb吸附量越大。共離子競爭方面，硝酸鹽對Sb(III)之吸附影響不大，硫酸鹽會稍微影響Sb(III)之吸附，而磷酸鹽則是會大幅抑制Sb(III)之吸附，磷酸鹽對Sb(V)吸附之影響亦是如此。在等溫動力吸附模式上，Freundlich等溫吸附式較Langmuir等溫吸附式適用於說明GFH吸附Sb，Freundlich等溫吸附式之n值隨Sb初始濃度增加而增加，且Sb(III)之n值大於Sb(V)之n值。GFH吸附銻之動力可遵循擬二階(Pseudo-second-order)動力與孔隙擴散模式(intraparticle diffusion model)。

This research evaluated the capability of adsorbed Sb(III) and Sb(V) by three various adsorbents. The effects to the adsorption of Sb(III) and Sb(V) resulting from the type and dosage of adsorbents, reaction time, pH, initial Sb concentration, and competitive anions were investigated. Kinetic studies suggested that the adsorption equilibriums for both Sb(III) and Sb(V) were reached within 24 h.
The results show that the order of adsorption efficiency by different adsorbent is GFH>Mnz>PAC and the efficiency of GFH is 23 times better than PAC. The amount of Sb(III) been adsorbed by GFH is 2.9 times larger than Sb(V) due to the chemical formation of Sb(OH)3 and Sb(OH)6- respectively. The optimum pH for adsorption of Sb ranged from 3 to 8 and can reach more than 85% removal efficiency. In the pH range from 8 to 10, the adsorption of Sb by GFH decreased with increasing pH. PAC is not suitable as an adsorbent for adsorption of Sb while GFH is accessible. When the dosage of GFH is fixed, the adsorption efficiency of Sb increased with increasing of initial concentration of Sb. The Freundlich isotherm model could better describe the phenomena of Sb adsorption by GFH than Langmuir model. The n value in Freundlich model increased with increasing initial concentration of Sb and n value of Sb(III) is larger than Sb(V)’s. The best fit kinetic models of modeling adsorption of Sb by GFH are pseudo-second-order model and intraparticle diffusion model.
Keywords: antimony, granular ferric hydroxide, adsorption, competitive anions, Freundlich isotherm

目錄
目錄	I
圖目錄	IV
表目錄	VI
第一章	前言	1
1-1研究背景	1
1-2研究目的	2
第二章 文獻回顧	3
2-1銻的化學特性	3
2-1-1銻的產生來源	3
2-1-2銻的水化學	3
2-1-3銻對人體的負面影響	5
2-1-4飲用水水質標準銻之限值	5
2-2銻之去除技術	6
2-3吸附理論	8
2-3-1吸附原理	8
2-3-2等溫吸附模式	8
2-3-3動力吸附模式	10
2-3-4孔隙擴散模式	12
2-4吸附去除銻	13
2-4-1錳砂吸附	13
2-4-2粒狀氫氧化鐵吸附	14
2-4-3活性碳吸附	15
2-4-4其他吸附劑吸附	16
第三章 研究方法與材料	17
3-1實驗材料及設備	17
3-1-1人工地下水	17
3-1-2吸附劑介紹	17
3-1-3實驗藥品	18
3-1-4實驗設備	18
3-2吸附實驗	18
3-2-1等溫吸附實驗	19
3-2-2吸附動力實驗	19
3-2-3競爭吸附實驗	19
3-3水質分析	20
第四章 結果與討論	23
4-1銻之水化學	23
4-1-1 pH對Sb(III)化學物種分佈之影響	23
4-1-2 pH對Sb(V)化學物種分佈之影響	23
4-2吸附劑種類對吸附銻之影響	25
4-2-1吸附劑種類對吸附Sb(III)之影響	25
4-2-2吸附劑種類對吸附Sb(V)之影響	25
4-3 pH對吸附銻之影響	29
4-3-1 pH對吸附Sb(III)之影響	29
4-3-2 pH對吸附Sb(V)之影響	29
4-4初始濃度與共同離子對吸附銻之影響	31
4-4-1初始濃度對吸附銻之影響	31
4-4-2共同離子對吸附銻之影響	33
4-5銻之等溫與動力吸附	36
4-5-1接觸時間對吸附銻之影響	36
4-5-2銻之等溫吸附	39
4-5-3銻之等溫動力吸附	44
第五章 結論	55
參考文獻	56


圖目錄
圖2-1 Sb(III)物種與pH平衡分布圖(CT = 10-5 M)	4
圖2-2 Sb(V)物種與pH平衡分布圖(CT = 10-5 M)	5
圖4-1 pH對Sb(III)水化學物種之影響(CT = 0.5 mg/L)	24
圖4-2 pH對Sb(V)水化學物種之影響(CT = 0.5 mg/L)	24
圖4-3 吸附劑種類對吸附Sb(III)之影響	28
圖4-4 吸附劑種類對吸附Sb(V)之影響	28
圖4-5 pH對粒狀氫氧化鐵吸附銻之影響	30
圖4-6 初始濃度對GFH吸附Sb(III)之影響	32
圖4-7 初始濃度對GFH吸附Sb(V)之影響	32
圖4-8 共同離子對GFH吸附Sb(III)之影響	35
圖4-9 共同離子對GFH吸附Sb(V)之影響	35
圖4-10 接觸時間對Sb(III)殘餘率之影響	38
圖4-11 接觸時間對Sb(V)殘餘率之影響	38
圖4-12 GFH吸附Sb(III)之Langmuir等溫吸附	42
圖4-13 GFH吸附Sb(V)之Langmuir等溫吸附	42
圖4-14 GFH吸附Sb(III)之Freundlich等溫吸附	43
圖4-15 GFH吸附Sb(V)之Freundlich等溫吸附	43
圖4-16 GFH吸附Sb(III)之擬一階動力吸附(Sb(III)初始濃度改變)	46
圖4-17 GFH吸附Sb(III)之擬一階動力吸附(GFH濃度改變)	47
圖4-18 GFH吸附Sb(V)之擬一階動力吸附(Sb(V)初始濃度改變)	47
圖4-19 GFH吸附Sb(V)之擬一階動力吸附(GFH濃度改變)	48
圖4-20 GFH吸附Sb(III)之擬二階動力吸附(Sb(III)初始濃度改變)	48
圖4-21 GFH吸附Sb(III)之擬二階動力吸附(GFH濃度改變)	49
圖4-22 GFH吸附Sb(V)之擬二階動力吸附(Sb(V)初始濃度改變)	49
圖4-23 GFH吸附Sb(V)之擬二階動力吸附(GFH濃度改變)	50
圖4-24 GFH吸附Sb(III)之內部孔隙擴散(Sb(III)初始濃度改變)	50
圖4-25 GFH吸附Sb(III)之內部孔隙擴散(GFH濃度改變)	51
圖4-26 GFH吸附Sb(V)之內部孔隙擴散(Sb(V)初始濃度改變)	51
圖4-27 GFH吸附Sb(V)之內部孔隙擴散(GFH濃度改變)	52

表目錄
表3-1 感應耦合電漿質譜儀操作參數	20
表4-1 其他廠牌活性碳對吸附銻之效果比較	27
表4-2 GFH吸附劑吸附銻之等溫吸附模式參數	41
表4-3 GFH吸附劑吸附Sb(III)之等溫動力吸附參數(Sb(III)初始濃度改變)	52
表4-4 GFH吸附劑吸附Sb(III)之等溫動力吸附參數(GFH濃度改變)	53
表4-5 GFH吸附劑吸附Sb(V)之等溫動力吸附參數(Sb(V)初始濃度改變)	54
表4-6 GFH吸附劑吸附Sb(V)之等溫動力吸附參數(GFH濃度改變)	54

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