關於各種的運動分析的研究越來越多，如分析網球、籃球、高爾夫球等，都有人在研究分析資料以做為訓練之用，而我們這篇論文所要做的是分析小朋友跳遠的影片，希望可以藉由電腦的幫助，將分析影片的難度降低，更進而讓系統可以提供受測者意見，使之可以了解自己動作的問題而不需要專業的老師在側協助。
    在這邊我們的論文將分為兩大部分來介紹我們所使用的方法，第一部分是將人從影片中擷取出來，而在這部分中，我們將分為五個細項來處理，第一個項目是還原背景，第二個項目是取出前景物件，第三個項目是去除雜訊點，第四個項目是修補輪廓破損，第五個項目是去除陰影。
    第二部分是預測骨架，在這邊我們是透過基因演算法的方法來預測骨架，透過基因演算法的特性“適者生存，不適者淘汰＂的規則來預測骨架，因此在產生數代的骨架組合後，我們將可以從這些組合中得到一組最適合輪廓的骨架。
    而當預測出來的骨架都能對應到影片中受測者的輪廓時，我們就可以得到一連串的動作分解，進而可以做到分析受測者的動作是否正確，將來更可以將評分的動作也加入到系統中，使這系統可以給受測者一點回饋，使受測者知道說自己的動作還有那邊可以加強，如此一來就可以讓受測者在沒有專業的體育老師在旁邊時，依然可以做自我的練習。

Analyses and researches toward various sport activities are broadly put in use, and these sports involve tennis, basketball, and golf, whose data are collected and analyzed as the training data. In this thesis, we examine the video of children doing long jumps, aiming to reduce the difficulty in analyzing video sequences of children who are doing long jumps with the assistance of the computer. Furthermore, the developed system can also give
comments on the testers about the problems of their movements and gestures without a professional instructor.
    The proposed method consists of two parts. The first one is to retrieve human objects from the video and it can be divided into five steps -background restoration, foreground objects retrieval, noise reduction, breakage repainting, and shadow removal.
    The second part is to do stick model prediction, which utilizes the characteristics of survival of the fittest in Genetic Algorithm (GA). As a result, we can obtain a stick model that is fittest to the silhouette after several generations of evolutions.
    While the predicted a stick model correspond to the silhouette of testers in the video, a succession of action decomposition is then taken place to analyze the correctness of the movements. Also, a scoring function can be integrated into the system so that the testers can receive feedbacks from the system. They can understand which parts of movements should be improved and the system makes it possible that testers can do self practice even without a professional physical education instructor.

第 1 章 緒論............................................1
1.1 研究背景與目的......................................1
1.2 論文組織簡介........................................4
第 2 章 文獻分析........................................6
2.1 動作分析............................................6
2.2 基因演算法.........................................12
第 3 章 系統架構.......................................17
3.1 系統架構簡介.......................................17
3.2 受測者的輪廓之分割.................................18
3.2.1 背景圖之建立.....................................18
3.2.2 前景物件之取出...................................19
3.2.3 雜訊點之去除.....................................21
3.2.4 輪廓中的破損處之修補.............................23
3.2.5 陰影之去除.......................................25
3.3 骨架之建立.........................................27
3.3.1 骨架表示法及適合度方程式之介紹...................27
3.3.2 初始骨架之建立...................................31
3.3.3 進化理論.........................................36
第 4 章 系統實作.......................................39
4.1 開發平台介紹.......................................39
4.1.1 Visual Studio.NET................................39
4.1.2 C# ..............................................40
4.2 系統簡介...........................................41
4.3 實驗結果與討論.....................................45
4.3.1 實驗結果.........................................45
4.3.2 討論.............................................54
第 5 章 結論與未來展望.................................57
5.1 結論...............................................57
5.2 未來展望...........................................58
參考文獻...............................................60
英文論文...............................................63
圖目錄
圖 一、動作分析步驟圖...........................................................6
圖 二、基因演算法流程.........................................................16
圖 三、(a)原始圖片 (b)建立出的背景圖...............................19
圖 四、前景物件圖.................................................................20
圖 五、八鄰居示意圖.............................................................21
圖 六、去除小雜訊點後.........................................................22
圖 七、去除大雜訊點後.........................................................23
圖 八、經過補點之後.............................................................24
圖 九、去除陰影後的結果.....................................................27
圖 十、骨架在輪廓中的表示..................................................28
圖 十一、骨架每部分與垂直線的交角..................................29
圖 十二、染色體表示法.........................................................29
圖 十三、標點的部位.............................................................31
圖 十四、骨架之建立.............................................................32
圖 十五、以染色體表示法紀錄長度值..................................33
圖 十六、以染色體表示法紀錄所在象限位置......................33
圖 十七、象限位置示意圖.....................................................33
圖 十八、骨架超出輪廓.........................................................35
圖 十九、骨架包含在輪廓中..................................................35
圖 二十、軟體使用介面.........................................................40
圖 二十一、骨架預測程式介面之ㄧ......................................43
圖 二十二、骨架預測程式介面之二......................................43
圖 二十三、骨架預測程式介面之三......................................44
圖 二十四、骨架預測程式介面之四......................................44
圖 二十五、影片中的第一張與第二張圖片..........................45
圖 二十六、第二張圖片所做出的初始組..............................46
圖 二十七、初始組中所選出做交叉配對的第一代..............46
圖 二十八、交叉配對的第二代..............................................47
圖 二十九、所有產生出來的圖片中Fs 值最小的前五組(範例一) 48
圖 三十、所有產生出來的圖片中Fs 值最小的前五組(範例二) 49
圖 三十一、另段影片中的第一張與第二張圖片..................50
圖 三十二、另段影片中所產生圖片中Fs 值最小的前五組(範例一) 51
圖 三十三、另段影片中所產生圖片中Fs 值最小的前五組(範例二) 51
圖 三十四、人工標點與系統標點之比較..............................53
圖 三十五、一連串動作預測..................................................55
圖 三十六、不太正確的預測結果..........................................56
圖 三十七、不符合輪廓的預測結果......................................56
公式目錄
公式 1 .......................................................................................26
公式 2 .......................................................................................26
公式 3 .......................................................................................30

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