我國近年來社會經濟快速成長，其中公路建設依舊是現代運輸系統中相當重要的一環。然而，隨著各高速公路、快速道路及地方聯絡道路的相繼完成所連接而成的四通八達的交通路網，再加上日漸成長的交通量，導致鋪面後續的管理、養護及維修等作業將變得日趨困難。因此隨著公路路網的日漸完善，鋪面工程的內容將從以往的設計施工提升至管理的層面，這樣的觀念在國內外早已行之多年。國內自1983年起至今亦參考國外成功之系統，針對不同區域研發多套鋪面管理系統。
鋪面管理系統成功與否的關鍵，取決於是否有一套有效率的資料庫架構。一套組織良好的資料庫可以方便且有效率的提供足夠且有用的資訊給鋪面管理者。本研究的主要目的，在於將鋪面管理路網階層中的雛形資料庫架構結合至商用地理資訊系統中。且鋪面管理的特色與特徵以及最佳化維修策略的整合亦是研究之重點。
由於鋪面資料的蒐集必須在有限的資源及指定的時間內完成，並符合明確性、可量測性、可否達成、相關性、及時性等原則(SMART)。因此本研究建議國內鋪面路網資料庫結構可以利用"抽樣調查"及"均質路段"的觀念來進行資料蒐集。資料庫則是考量建立以及未來擴充的容易性的特點，選用有關的商用套裝軟體(Microsoft Access)。而資料庫結構是由鋪面原始資料登錄、記錄多年交通量資料及服務狀況資料（或歷史資料）並且用原始資料表單更新主要的鋪面維修資料。
商用套裝軟體(ArcView 9.0)所提供的"動態分段"程序是以不同年度的歷史資料匯入，再以自動化且有效率的程序產生動態分段（或整合均質路段）資料庫。因此，本研究以鋪面路網動態分段資料庫為架構發展出一套鋪面管理系統(TKUNET2)之雛形。系統主要的特色包括許多紀錄、更新、整合、總結、諮詢、報告及鋪面路網資料庫地理資訊化等的人性化使用者介面。

An efficient database structure is the key to the success of a pavement management system. A well-organized database can provide adequate and valuable information for pavement network management purposes with convenience and efficiency. The main purpose of this study is to integrate a prototype database structure into a commercial geographic information system (GIS) for “network level” pavement management. The characteristics and features of pavement database management and its integration with network rehabilitation optimization algorithms are also investigated.
The concepts of “sampling” and “uniform section” are proposed for domestic pavement network database structure and collection procedures based on the considerations of Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Timely (or SMART) principles, given the resources available and the prescribed time frame. The relational database structure of a commercial software package (Microsoft Access) and its existing features are used for the easy of implementation and possible future enhancements. The database structure consists of inputting pavement inventory data, recording multi-year traffic and condition survey data (or historical data), and updating major pavement maintenance information in their original data formats. 
The “dynamic segmentation” procedure provided by a commercial software package (ArcView 9.0) is adopted to automatically and efficiently generate dynamic segmentation (or summarized uniform section) databases based on the historical data imported from different survey years. Consequently, a prototype computer program for pavement network dynamic segmentation database structure is developed. The main features of the program include many user-friendly interfaces for recording, updating, integrating, summarizing, query, reporting, and graphical representation of the network pavement databases. 
In addition, various optimization algorithms of alternative strategies in pavement network rehabilitation management were also implemented in this prototype system (named TKUNET2). In which many user-friendly interfaces could be used to assist high-level pavement management officials in answering various “what … if …” questions such as the determination of future rehabilitation needs, cost-effectiveness studies, tabular and graphical query, network summary and presentations of optimized budget allocation problems. The prototype system can be further expanded with ease and efficiency so as to assure the best use of our limited resources for network pavement rehabilitation through minimum time, effort and cost.

目錄
目錄................................................................................................................I
圖目錄.........................................................................................................IV
表目錄.........................................................................................................VI
第一章 緒論.................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究目的........................................................................................................... 2
1.3 研究方法及步驟............................................................................................... 4
1.4 研究流程........................................................................................................... 5
第二章 文獻回顧.........................................................................................7
2.1 鋪面管理資料庫架構........................................................................................ 7
2.1.1 鋪面管理階層......................................................................................... 7
2.1.2 鋪面資料蒐集......................................................................................... 8
2.1.3 鋪面路段定義........................................................................................11
2.1.4 鋪面管理資料庫建立之要求與考量................................................... 13
2.1.5 鋪面管理指標....................................................................................... 15
2.1.6 鋪面維修利益....................................................................................... 18
2.2 全球衛星定位系統之介紹.............................................................................. 19
2.2.1 GPS 的基礎理論................................................................................... 19
2.2.2 GPS 的應用範圍................................................................................... 22
2.2.3 GPS 在鋪面管理上的應用................................................................... 22
2.3 地理資訊系統之介紹...................................................................................... 23
2.3.1 GIS 的基礎理論.................................................................................... 23
2.3.2 GIS 的應用範圍.................................................................................... 24
2.3.3 GIS 在鋪面管理上的應用.................................................................... 25
2.4 國內外鋪面管理系統之比較.......................................................................... 27
2.4.1 國外鋪面管理系統............................................................................... 27
2.4.2 國內鋪面管理系統............................................................................... 29
2.4.3 國內外鋪面管理系統架構及功能之比較........................................... 33
2.5 GIS 軟體應用之分析與比較........................................................................... 34
2.5.1 SuperGIS ............................................................................................... 35
2.5.2 Geomedia............................................................................................... 35
2.5.3 ArcGIS 9.1............................................................................................. 36
2.5.4 商用GIS 軟體選定.............................................................................. 37
2.6 討論與分析...................................................................................................... 38
第三章 路段定義及位置參照...................................................................40
3.1 路段定義.......................................................................................................... 40
3.1.1 資料蒐集............................................................................................... 40
3.1.2 資料構建............................................................................................... 44
3.1.3 動態分段分析及展示........................................................................... 49
3.2 位置參照.......................................................................................................... 51
3.2.1 線性參照............................................................................................... 51
3.2.2 線性參照的應用範圍........................................................................... 52
3.2.3 資料儲存方式....................................................................................... 53
3.2.4 動態分段原理....................................................................................... 53
3.3 討論與分析...................................................................................................... 56
第四章 ArcGIS 動態分段資料庫架構及線性參照.................................58
4.1 動態分段資料庫.............................................................................................. 58
4.1.1 程式語言之選定.................................................................................. 60
4.1.2 程式撰寫流程...................................................................................... 60
4.2 數位圖資之擷取與應用.................................................................................. 61
4.3 線性參照之應用.............................................................................................. 65
4.3.1 路段定義.............................................................................................. 66
4.3.2 資料表整合........................................................................................... 70
4.3.3 動態分段.............................................................................................. 73
4.3.4 圖形化展示.......................................................................................... 76
4.4 線性參照之自動化.......................................................................................... 78
4.5 討論與分析...................................................................................................... 83
第五章 最佳化維修策略之選定與應用...................................................85
5.1 最佳化維修策略.............................................................................................. 85
5.1.1 軸重當量之預測與估算....................................................................... 85
5.1.2 系統之整合........................................................................................... 91
5.2 TKUNET2 程式系統....................................................................................... 92
5.2.1 基本功能............................................................................................... 94
5.2.2 分析及展示........................................................................................... 99
5.3 綜合分析........................................................................................................ 103
第六章 結論與建議.................................................................................105
6.1 結論................................................................................................................ 105
6.2 建議................................................................................................................ 106
參考文獻...................................................................................................108

圖目錄
圖1-1 研究流程圖......................................................................................................... 6
圖 2-1 ILLINET 圖形展示.......................................................................................... 29
圖 3-1 動態分段分析圖【盧中強，2000】.............................................................. 55
圖 4-1 動態分段架構圖【盧中強，2000】.............................................................. 59
圖 4-2 中山高速公路圖資擷取示意圖...................................................................... 62
圖 4-3 匯出圖資後之雜項路段（新竹交流道為例）.............................................. 63
圖 4-4 新增欄位並完成定義之表單.......................................................................... 64
圖 4-5 Create Routes 功能選取................................................................................... 67
圖 4-6 定義後之路段圖層.......................................................................................... 68
圖 4-7 定義路段起迄點里程...................................................................................... 69
圖 4-8 起迄點及查詢處里程...................................................................................... 69
圖 4-9 Dissolve Route Events 功能選取..................................................................... 71
圖 4-10 原IRI 資料表單............................................................................................ 72
圖 4-11 轉換後之均質路段IRI 表單......................................................................... 73
圖 4-12 Overlay Route Events 功能選取..................................................................... 74
圖 4-13 合併及分段前之表單.................................................................................... 75
圖 4-14 合併及分段後之表單.................................................................................... 75
圖 4-15 Make Route Event Layer 功能選取............................................................... 77
圖 4-16 動態分段展示及查詢圖................................................................................ 78
圖 4-17 北區工程處以交通量為基準查詢及展示圖................................................ 83
圖 5-1 TKUNET2 程式運作流程圖............................................................................ 93
圖 5-2 最佳化維修策略應用系統功能表畫面.......................................................... 93
圖 5-3 資料庫編輯...................................................................................................... 95
圖 5-4 內建參數修改.................................................................................................. 95
圖 5-5 分析資料選擇.................................................................................................. 96
圖 5-6 彙整前後表單之查詢...................................................................................... 97
圖 5-7 鋪面資料範圍查詢.......................................................................................... 98
圖 5-8 強制維修選取.................................................................................................. 98
圖 5-9 鋪面現況分析.................................................................................................. 99
圖 5-10 路網現況圖分析............................................................................................ 99
圖 5-11 路網未來狀況分析...................................................................................... 100
圖 5-12 路網殘餘壽命分析...................................................................................... 100
圖 5-13 工程處分區示意圖...................................................................................... 101
圖 5-14 北區工程處路段展示及查詢圖（路段點選查詢）.................................. 102
圖 5-15 北區工程處路段展示及查詢圖（資料庫點選查詢）.............................. 103

表目錄
表 2-1 路網階層與個案階層鋪面管理對象表【Zimmerman 1996】....................... 9
表 2-2 路網階層抽樣個數...........................................................................................11
表 2-3 固定長度路段與均質路段之優缺點.............................................................. 12
表 2-4 固定長度路段與均質路段之比較.................................................................. 14
表 2-5 國內外鋪面管理系統核心比較...................................................................... 33
表 3-1 鋪面形式資料表說明...................................................................................... 50
表 4-1 圖資表單欄位說明表...................................................................................... 64
表 5-1 公式5-2 之迴歸常數表.................................................................................. 87
表 5-2 大客車與聯結車之比例.................................................................................. 88

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